Deck 35: A Second Global Conflict and the End of the

Question 1

World War II officially began in what year?

A) 1940
B) 1941
C) 1939
D) 1935

Answer 1

1939

Question 2

Which of the following countries was NOT a member of the Axis powers?

A) The Soviet Union
B) Germany
C) Italy
D) Japan

Answer 2

The Soviet Union

Question 3

After 1937, the government of Japan was dominated by

A) socialists who gained power in the aftermath of the depression.
B) labor unions whose position was strengthened by their control of industry.
C) the emerging estate of middle-class liberals intent on a broader franchise.
D) a military regime dedicated to the ultra-nationalist goals.

Answer 3

a military regime dedicated to the ultra-nationalist goals.

Question 4

In 1931, the Japanese army marched into and declared it an independent state.

A) Korea
B) Vietnam
C) the Philippines
D) Manchuria

Question 5

Adolph Hitler was the political and ideological leader of the

A) Social Democratic Party.
B) National Socialist Party.
C) Christian Democratic Party.
D) Conservative Union.

Question 6

Hitler promised the German people all of the following EXCEPT

A) to put Germans back to work.
B) to rid Germany of the Jewish race.
C) to restore political stability
D) to remilitarize Germany.

Question 7

In which year did Germany rearm?

A) 1935
B) 1936
C) 1937
D) 1938

Question 8

Who was the leader of fascist Italy?

A) Benedetto Croce
B) Ernesto Momigliano
C) Benito Mussolini
D) Benito Juarez

Question 9

Which of the following countries contributed to Spain?s republicans during the Spanish Civil War?

A) Mexico
B) The Soviet Union
C) Italy
D) Germany

Question 10

This city became the capital of the Chinese Nationalists for much of WWII.

A) Chongqing
B) Taipei
C) Nanjing
D) Cuomintang

Question 11

The Tripartite Pact, signed in 1940, included all of the following countries EXCEPT

A) Russia
B) Japan
C) Germany
D) Italy

Question 12

In order to avoid a two-front war, Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with this country in 1939.

A) Spain
B) France
C) Italy
D) The Soviet Union

Question 13

The Nazi invasion of this country in 1939 put an end to the idea of appeasement.

A) Poland
B) Czechoslovakia
C) France
D) Sweden

Question 14

Germany?s war effort was based on the concept of

A) blitzkrieg.
B) horse-mounted infantry.
C) trench warfare.
D) Anschloss.

Question 15

In 1940, the Dutch port of was virtually leveled by the Germans, killing over 40,000 civilians.

A) Flanders
B) Helsinki
C) Rotterdam
D) Brisbane

Question 16

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the fall of France to the Germans?

A) The refusal of English troops to fight with the French
B) Divided and weak leadership
C) Delays over rearming the French forces
D) A thoroughly demoralized French population

Question 17

This city was the capital of the Nazis? puppet regime in France.

A) Toulose
B) Vichy
C) Paris
D) St. Gabrielle

Question 18

British victory in the Battle of Britain was due to all of the following EXCEPT

A) the bravery of the royal family.
B) the high morale of the citizens.
C) radar.
D) the V2 rocket.

Question 19

All of the following groups were targeted by Hitler in the mass executions that would become known as the ?final solution? EXCEPT

A) musicians.
B) homosexuals.
C) Gypsies.
D) Jews.

Question 20

At this conference in 1942, the Nazi high command finalized plans for the destruction of the Jewish race.

A) Krakow
B) Auschwitz
C) Copenhagen
D) Wannsee

Question 21

Approximately how many people were killed by the Nazis during the Holocaust?

A) 12 million
B) Two million
C) Eight million
D) 20 million

Question 22

A 1944 Allied landing in this country created a European front against the Germans.

A) Belgium
B) France
C) Sicily
D) Spain

Question 23

HItler?s last-ditch effort to repel the Allied armies became known as

A) the Battle of Paris.
B) the Battle of the Ardennes.
C) the Battle of the Bulge.
D) the Battle of Britain.

Question 24

In what year did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, thus bringing the United States into World War II?

A) 1939
B) 1941
C) 1943
D) 1945

Question 25

This country chose a path of neutrality and cooperation with Japan in the Pacific theater of WWII.

A) Australia
B) The Philippines
C) Indonesia
D) Thailand

Question 26

Universally recognized as the greatest naval battle in history, the Japanese fleet was effectively put out of commission at

A) Midway
B) Tarawa
C) Coral Sea
D) Iwo Jima

Question 27

This American general ordered mass aerial bombing of highly vulnerable Japanese cities.

A) McArthur
B) Patton
C) Le May
D) Eisenhower

Question 28

Which of the following statements concerning warfare in the European theater during World War II is most accurate?

A) France mounted a fanatic defense of its home territories, only succumbing to the Nazi advance in 1944.
B) By the summer of 1940, most of France lay in German hands, while a semi -fascist collaborative regime ruled in Vichy.
C) British resistance crumbled before the air assaults of Germany, and an amphibious assault knocked the British from the war.
D) From 1939 on, the chief resistance to the German advance was provided by American forces.

Question 29

The balance of the war in Europe shifted in 1941 when Germany invaded

A) France.
B) Britain.
C) Italy.
D) the Soviet Union.

Question 30

Japan?s surrender in the Pacific was precipitated by

A) the use of atomic weapons on the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima by the U.S.
B) a massive land and sea assault on the Japanese home islands.
C) the loss of the Philippines to the U.S.
D) the British advance through Malaya into China.

Question 31

All of the following were conferences held among the allied powers to determine the fate of Europe after the defeat of Germany EXCEPT

A) Potsdam.
B) Yalta.
C) Sarajevo.
D) Teheran.

Question 32

Which of the following was NOT a result of the peace treaties signed following World War II?

A) The United States occupied Japan
B) Germany was divided into four zones of occupation
C) The Soviet Union took much of eastern Poland, while the Poles were compensated by receiving part of eastern Germany
D) German industrial power was destroyed.

Question 33

This institution was created as a result of WWII.

A) The League of Nations
B) The United Nations
C) The World Bank
D) The International Monetary Fund

Question 34

Which of the following countries was NOT a charter member of the UN?

A) China
B) The Soviet Union
C) Britain
D) France

Question 35

Which of the following statements concerning the creation of the state of Israel in 1948 is NOT correct?

A) Arab states bordering Israel attacked the new nation, but failed to defeat the Israelis.
B) The United States supported the creation of Israel in 1948, but the Soviet Union opposed its formation.
C) The partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arabic states was carried out in the United Nations.
D) The Arab-Israeli war of 1948 created hundreds of thousands of Arab refugees from Palestine.

Question 36

Which of the following statements concerning Zionism following World War II is most accurate?

A) Zionists turned to violent attempts to eject the British from Palestine in response to the British attempts to limit immigration to the Middle East.
B) The Zionist movement turned to peaceful demonstrations and boycotts on the model of the Indian nationalist movement and refused to participate in violence.
C) The Zionist movement, frustrated by the failure to achieve an independent nation, weakened after World War II.
D) The Zionist movement was eliminated after World War II by the combined action of the Palestinian Arabs and the British.

Question 37

The Afrikaner National Party in South Africa established a rigid system of racial segregation called

A) Boer prejudice.
B) voortrekker.
C) apartheid.
D) swartzfrei.

Question 38

In what nation were white settlers able to retain their position of supremacy?

A) Kenya
B) Algeria
C) Southern Rhodesia
D) South Africa

Question 39

Which of the following statements concerning the Algerian independence movement is most accurate?

A) Algeria won its independence from France in a peaceful movement led by white settlers in the colony.
B) Decolonization in Algeria was violent, as white settlers resisted independence through the OAS supported by powerful elements within the French military.
C) Independence in Algeria was achieved as a result of the military victory of the FLN over the French army.
D) Unlike the rest of Africa, Algeria was never decolonized and remained a province of France.

Question 40

Failure of the British to deal with the leader of the largest nationalist party, Jomo Kenyatta, led to a violent and prolonged revolution in

A) Nigeria.
B) Ghana.
C) South Africa.
D) Kenya.

Question 41

In what type of African colonies was the process of decolonization most violent?

A) Those that were least industrialized
B) Those colonized by the Germans
C) Those with large numbers of white European settlers
D) ?True? colonies

Question 42

By what decade had the European colonization of most of black Africa come to an end?

A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 43

What radical African leader helped to achieve independence in Ghana?

A) Julius Nyerere
B) Jomo Kenyatta
C) Kwame Nkrumah
D) Nelson Mandela

Question 44

Which of the following nations achieved independence without violence?

A) Indonesia
B) Philippines
C) Indochina
D) India

Question 45

What was the solution to the division in India between Muslims and Hindus in 1947?

A) The British established a single government with a Hindu majority, but with specific offices reserved for Muslims.
B) The government of India was divided between two houses of the Indian parliament, one for Muslims, one for Hindus.
C) The British simply withdrew from India without any political settlement of the problem of religious division.
D) The British decided to divide India into two nations: a Muslim Pakistan and a secular, but Hindu-dominated, India.

Question 46

Of all the nationalist parties in India, the British were most closely allied with

A) the Muslim League.
B) Congress.
C) the Quit India movement.
D) the Communists.

Question 47

How did the Indian Congress Party and nationalist leaders respond to British participation in World War II?

A) As in World War I, the Congress Party and nationalist leaders such as Gandhi led popular rallies in favor of the British war effort.
B) Nationalist leaders of all parties opposed the war effort.
C) Congress opposed the war effort and its leaders were jailed, but the Muslim League rallied to the British cause.
D) The Muslim League and the Communists opposed the British war effort as a means of establishing independence.

Question 48

A Jewish homeland to be called Israel was established in 1948

A) in Palestine.
B) in Egypt.
C) in Saudi Arabia.
D) in Syria.

Question 49

What document during World War II included a clause that recognized the ?right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live??

A) The Marshall Plan
B) The Atlantic Charter
C) The Balfour Declaration
D) The Truman Doctrine

Question 50

Which of the following nations, created in the aftermath of World War I, lost its independence following World War II?

A) Czechoslovakia
B) Yugoslavia
C) Greece
D) Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia

Question 51

Define ʺtotal war.ʺ How did the World Wars of the 20th century demonstrate the application of ʺtotal warʺ?

Question 52

In what ways did the settlement of World War II repudiate the Versailles treaties that ended World War I? In what ways did the settlement affirm the concepts included in the Versailles treaties?

Question 53

What crisis emerged in 1956 that demonstrated the diminished powers of European nations in world affairs?

A) Portugal attempted to reassert its control over Goa.
B) The Netherlands sought to establish colonial rule in South Africa.
C) Britain and France attempted forcibly to halt Egypt?s nationalization of the Suez Canal.
D) France was driven from Libya.

Question 54

What French leader negotiated Algeria?s independence in 1962?

A) King Charles V
B) Marshal Petain
C) General Boulanger
D) Charles de Gaulle

Question 55

In what year did the French relinquish their colony in Vietnam?

A) 1947
B) 1954
C) 1973
D) 1981

Question 56

What phrase did Winston Churchill coin to describe the division between free and repressed societies after World War II?

A) The red menace
B) The iron curtain
C) The Berlin Wall
D) The cold war

Question 57

Where was the focal point of the cold war in Europe immediately after World War II?

A) Hungary
B) Czechoslovakia
C) France
D) Germany

Question 58

Which of the following countries was not a member of the ?eastern bloc??

A) Poland
B) Hungary
C) Turkey
D) Romania

Question 59

A program of loans that was designed to aid western European nations rebuild after WWII?s devastation was the

A) Dreyfus Plan.
B) McArthur Plan.
C) Marshall Plan.
D) Churchill Plan.

Question 60

U.S. opposition to Soviet aggression in western Europe was predicated on

A) a massive superiority in men under arms.
B) the technological superiority of it tanks and artillery.
C) a nuclear ?umbrella.?
D) the political division within the Soviet Union.

Question 61

Which of the following statements concerning the U.S. military spending is most accurate?

A) After World War II, U.S. military spending continuously declined.
B) Under Democratic presidents, the percentage of U.S. resources devoted to the military increased while under Republican presidents the same expenditures decreased.
C) The U.S. abandoned military preeminence to the growing power of France.
D) Regardless of the party in political power, the percentage of the U.S. budget going to the military remained stable from the 1950s to the 1980s.

Question 62

Which of the following was consistent with the political viewpoint of the Christian Democrats?

A) Totalitarian government
B) Democratic institutions and moderate social reform
C) Abolition of trade unions
D) Nationalization of all industries

Question 63

Which of the following statements concerning the development of new governments in Europe after World War II is most accurate?

A) Except for Germany and Italy, political stability was restored through the institution of more authoritarian governments.
B) New constitutions established in western Europe uniformly established effective parliaments with universal (including female) suffrage.
C) Constitutions formed after World War II were noteworthy primarily for the lack of durability.
D) As late as the 1980s several nations clung to semi-fascist, authoritarian regimes ruled by strongmen.

Question 64

Which of the following statements concerning the German government after World War II is most accurate?

A) Germany remained divided among three Western powers until 1980.
B) During the cold war, France, Britain, and the United States merged their territories to form the Federal Republic of Germany.
C) After World War II, the Weimar Republic was restored in Germany.
D) Germany fell under the direct government of the Soviet Union along with the rest of eastern Europe.

Question 65

The creation of the welfare state

A) was accomplished only in the United States.
B) was carried out as part of the program of conservatism in European governments following World War II.
C) was necessitated by the recurrence of the Depression following World War II.
D) resulted from the leftward shift of the political spectrum in Europe following World War II.

Question 66

Which of the following social insurance programs was NOT typical of the welfare state?

A) State-run medical facilities
B) Unemployment insurance
C) The ?value-added? tax scheme
D) Family assistance

Question 67

Which of the following statements concerning the European welfare state is most accurate?

A) The imposition of the welfare state was accompanied by the elimination of the private sector in most European nations.
B) Middle-class people, in general, failed to realize any benefits from the welfare state.
C) The welfare state cushiones citizens against major expenses and unusual hardships, though it did not rearrange overall social structure.
D) All of the tax schemes introduced by the welfare state were intended to redistribute income from the wealthy to the poor.

Question 68

Which of the following was NOT an effect of the welfare state?

A) It cushioned citizens against big expenses and unusual hardships, rather than rearranging the social structure.
B) It protected the purchasing power of the very poor against catastrophe and contributed to improved health conditions.
C) It increased contacts between government and citizen and produced a host of new regulations.
D) Immediately upon its creation, it generated a storm of political protest from conservative political factions.

Question 69

Which of the following paralleled the development of the welfare state?

A) Increased military spending
B) Increased government role in economic policy
C) Increased political conservatism
D) Decreased government spending overall

Question 70

Welfare commitments became far and away the largest component of Western government budgets outside of

A) Sweden
B) the United States
C) Britain
D) France

Question 71

A ?technocrat? was

A) a new political partisan of the Christian Democratic Party.
B) an opponent of the replacement of men by machines.
C) a new breed of bureaucrat typified by training in engineering or economics.
D) a person who promoted government by the magnates of industry.

Question 72

What upset the pattern of political compromise around the patterns of parliamentary democracy and the welfare state in the 1960s?

A) Military revolutions in France and Spain
B) Protest on college campuses in Europe and the U.S.
C) The election of a fascist government in Portugal
D) The widespread depression that afflicted Europe

Question 73

Which of the following represented a new political concern in the West following the upheaval of the 1960s?

A) Communism
B) Socialism
C) The Green movement
D) Conservatism

Question 74

Which of the following nations was NOT involved in the original European Economic Community?

A) Britain
B) Italy
C) France
D) Germany

Question 75

The European Economic Community is a good example of

A) Europe?s continued national strife.
B) cooperation between European nations and a willingness to create a single European economy.
C) the need for Europe to develop a single foreign policy independent of the U.S.
D) the continued economic dependence of the European nations on the capital derived from the U.S.

Question 76

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the European economy of the post-1950s?

A) The European economy stagnated shortly after the withdrawal of the U.S. from European affairs.
B) Overall growth in gross national product surpassed the rates of any extended period since the Industrial Revolution began.
C) With the exception of a major depression from 1958 to 1964, the European economy grew.
D) While southern European nations, long the least developed of the continent, demonstrated remarkable growth, northern Europe slid into economic recession.

Question 77

Which of the following was NOT typical of the European economy after 1950?

A) Rampant consumerism
B) Rising per-capita disposable income
C) High levels of unemployment
D) Difficulties with immigrant laborers

Question 78

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the situation of European peasantry in the social structure of late 20th-century Europe?

A) The European peasantry disappeared following World War II.
B) The European peasantry decreased in size and became increasingly commercialized.
C) The European peasantry continued to remain exclusively rural and rejected twentieth century urban culture.
D) Alone among European social classes, the peasantry remained independent of the state bureaucracies.

Question 79

Which of the following was NOT a right achieved by women in the West in the later 20th century?

A) Voting
B) Family rights, access to divorce, abortion, birth control
C) Access to higher education
D) Payment equal to males for equal work

Question 80

What work by Simone de Beauvoir signified the beginning of the new feminism in 1949?

A) Patriarchal Society
B) The Feminine Mystique
C) The Second Sex
D) Mine, Yours, and Ours