Deck 21: The World Economy

Question 1

Which countries were the largest recipients of New World silver?

A) Russia and Mongolia
B) Australia and New Zealand
C) China and India
D) Britain and France

Answer 1

China and India

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

A) From 1100 European leaders and merchants isolated themselves from the rest of the world.
B) From 1100 European leaders and merchants had begun to colonize the Americas.
C) From 1100 European leaders and merchants had forged trading links with the Americas.
D) From 1100 European leaders and merchants had become increasingly aware of the larger world.

Answer 2

From 1100 European leaders and merchants had become increasingly aware of the larger world.

Question 3

Who had crossed the Atlantic in the 10th century and named North America Vinland?

A) China
B) The Vikings
C) Africans
D) Middle Easterners

Answer 3

The Vikings

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT a technological improvement introduced during the 15th century in the West?

A) Use of the compass for navigation
B) Deep-draft, round-hulled ships
C) Lateen sails
D) Gunpowder adapted to gunnery

Question 5

The initiative for Western exploration and conquest came from the kingdom of

A) Portugal.
B) Spain.
C) France.
D) Sicily.

Question 6

What noble was responsible for the direction of a series of expeditions along the African coast and outward to the Azores in the 15th century?

A) Prince Henry the Navigator
B) Cardinal Mazarin, regent of France
C) Hugh Dupuy, Count Marechal
D) Prince Henry of England

Question 7

The first Portuguese fleet rounded the Cape of Good Hope in

A) 1291.
B) 1354.
C) 1488.
D) 1519.

Question 8

The captain of the first Portuguese ship to reach India was

A) Amerigo Vespucci.
B) Vasco da Gama.
C) Christopher Columbus.
D) Ferdinand Magellan.

Question 9

What region in the Americas was claimed by Portugal?

A) Mexico
B) Peru
C) Panama
D) Brazil

Question 10

What land was claimed for Spain as the result of Ferdinand Magellan?s circumnavigation of the globe beginning in 1519?

A) Philippines
B) New Zealand
C) Chile
D) Australia

Question 11

What Italian captain sailing for the monarchs of Spain reached the Americas in 1492?

A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Amerigo Vespucci
C) Dante Alighieri
D) Christopher Columbus

Question 12

Why did the initiative in early conquest and exploration pass to northern European nations in the later 16th century?

A) Spain and Portugal were defeated in a critical war with the Ottoman Empire.
B) The Dutch and the British improved the design of oceanic vessels, producing faster ships than their Catholic rivals.
C) Famine and disease disastrously reduced the population of the Iberian peninsula after 1588.
D) The Spanish defeat of the English Armada cut England off from further advance in Europe and forced English attention to foreign conquest.

Question 13

What was the purpose of the early English voyages to North America?

A) To establish colonies
B) To create a fortified port and trading region
C) To discover a northwest passage to India
D) To drive the Spanish from the Americas

Question 14

In what way were the early Dutch and British exploration and trade projects different from those of the Iberian nations?

A) The expeditions of Spain and Portugal did not enjoy government support.
B) Dutch and British exploration owed much to private initiative of merchant groups and the formation of chartered trading companies.
C) Dutch and British exploratory expeditions were independent of their respective governments.
D) The Dutch and British operated joint explorations in the names of both governments while Portugal and Spain competed in the competition for conquest.

Question 15

What British commercial institution ruled India for much of the 18th century?

A) The British Tea and Spice Company
B) The British East India Company
C) The Raj Trading Company
D) The Calcutta and Madras Limited

Question 16

Which of the following was NOT a result of Europe?s maritime dominance?

A) It created a new international pool for basic exchanges of foods, diseases, and a few manufactured products.
B) It created a new world economy, involving the fuller inclusion of Africa and the Americas in international trade.
C) All regions of Asia were for the first time subject to the monopolization of trade by Western nations.
D) It created the conditions for direct Western penetration of some parts of the world through the formation of colonies.

Question 17

As part of the ?Colombian Exchange,? which of the following was a European contribution to the Americas.

A) Bullion
B) Raw materials
C) Disease
D) Corn

Question 18

What is the most accepted figure for the percentage of the population of American Indians who died following the European colonization?

A) Over 15 percent
B) Over 25 percent
C) Over 33 percent
D) Over 50 percent

Question 19

What was the impact of the introduction of American crops into Europe?

A) The introduction of the potato led to major population growth in Europe.
B) Fungi introduced to Europe, along with American crops, led to a severe decrease in agricultural productivity.
C) Although American crops were introduced around the world by European traders, they were not adopted in Europe itself.
D) Plantation agriculture fueled by slave labor became the norm in European agricultural systems.

Question 20

Which of the following areas of trade was NOT dominated by the West after the establishment of a global trading network in the 17th century?

A) The Atlantic
B) The Pacific
C) The Indian Ocean
D) The Mediterranean

Question 21

A Spanish fleet defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1571 at the battle of

A) the Sargasso Sea.
B) Lepanto.
C) Civitate.
D) Nicaea.

Question 22

Despite Japan?s official policy of isolation, the Dutch were able to gain special access to the port of

A) Osaka.
B) Kyoto.
C) Nissei.
D) Nagasaki.

Question 23

Which of the following statements accounts for the Spanish failure to hold a position of dominance in world trade?

A) The Spanish withdrew voluntarily from the race for world trade dominance and established a policy of international isolation.
B) The Catholic church that dominated Spanish society argued against the establishment of a commercial mentality in Spain.
C) Spain?s interests were increasingly directed toward the destruction of the Ottoman Empire.
D) Spain?s internal economy and banking system were not sufficient to accommodate the bullion from the new world.

Question 24

What economic policy supplemented the development of colonies, particularly in northern Europe?

A) Mercantilism
B) Free trade
C) Socialism
D) Communism

Question 25

What import from the Americas helped Spain to initially dominate world trade?

A) cows
B) silver
C) horses
D) copper

Question 26

Which of the following regions was NOT part of the core zone of the global trade network?

A) Holland
B) France
C) England
D) Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 27

Dependence in the world economy and the consequent need to produce unprocessed goods cheaply led to the development of labor systems.

A) proletariat
B) independent
C) coercive
D) socialist

Question 28

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impact of the development of core-dependent economic zones on state formation?

A) Forced labor and European influence tended to generate weak governments in dependent regions, while increased trade revenues tended to generate increasing government strength in core states.
B) While the profits of global trade tended to strengthen the governments of core regions, the creation of colonies extended powerful governments to dependent zones as well.
C) The efforts of international trade tended to enrich private commercial interests but weaken core governments who were unable to tap the wealth. Dependent zone governments, based on company organization, tended to be strong.
D) No state government benefitted from the creation of core-dependent zones. Neither core regions nor colonies were able to develop strong, centralized governments.

Question 29

Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between Asian civilizations and the world commercial network of the 16th and 17th centuries is NOT accurate?

A) Asian civilizations had ample political strength and economic sophistication to avoid dependent status.
B) East Asia constituted the civilization that remained most fully and consciously external to the world economy.
C) China depended on extensive government regulation to keep European activities in check.
D) China was able, thanks to the existence of its coastal navy, to prevent the establishment of European ports.

Question 30

Which of the following Western trade goods was of most interest to the Japanese?

A) Gunnery
B) Porcelain
C) Woolen cloth
D) Cotton cloth

Question 31

Which of the following civilizations was fully part of the global trading network in the 16th century?

A) Russia
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Indonesia
D) Mughal Empire

Question 32

Which of the following statements concerning the British policies toward India in the 17th century is most accurate?

A) Britain attempted to foster the development of the cotton manufacturing industry in India.
B) Britain applied tariffs to destroy the cotton industry in India as a means of protecting the British cloth industry.
C) Britain was disinterested in expanding the trade with India.
D) The British balance of trade with India in the 17th century remained negative, as Britain was forced to exchange bullion for Indian products.

Question 33

What was the nature of the trade between eastern and western Europe in the 17th century?

A) Western Europe imported grain in increasing amounts from eastern Europe in return for art objects and manufactured goods.
B) Eastern and western Europe remained economically isolated, as Russia, Poland, and Prussia extended their trade relationships with the Ottoman Empire.
C) The inability of eastern Europe to produce anything of value to the West frustrated attempts to establish trading connections between the two halves of Europe.
D) Eastern Europe emerged as a powerful challenger to Western domination of the global commercial network.

Question 34

In what year did Spanish settlement of the American mainland begin?

A) 1492
B) 1509
C) 1588
D) 1607

Question 35

Where was the first Spanish colony on the American mainland?

A) Peru
B) Panama
C) Mexico
D) Florida

Question 36

Which of the following regions was NOT part of the Spanish colonial empire?

A) The Aztec empire
B) The Inca empire
C) Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico
D) Brazil

Question 37

While it was most common for the Europeans to establish coastal fortresses in Africa without attempting to claim large territories of their own, Portugal created a more disruptive colony in
In search of slaves.

A) Cape Colony
B) Angola
C) the Sudan
D) Zimbabwe

Question 38

The most important Dutch colony in Africa was located on

A) Mozambique.
B) Madagascar.
C) the Cape of Good Hope.
D) the island of Ceylon.

Question 39

The British East India Company through negotiation with local Mughal princes gained a station at

A) Goa.
B) Calcutta.
C) Constantinople.
D) Delhi.

Question 40

The British were able to oust the French from India following the

A) Taipei rebellion.
B) Sepoy rebellion.
C) battle of Manzikert.
D) Seven Years War.

Question 41

When did the Dutch establish the Cape Colony?

A) 1707
B) 1744
C) 1652
D) 1803

Question 42

What was a Boer?

A) Dutch farmer
B) Indian prince
C) British officer
D) French citizen

Question 43

In which of the following regions was European settlement a significant factor in the establishment of colonies?

A) West Indies
B) Indonesia
C) Dutch South Africa
D) China

Question 44

Which of the following represents an impact of the development of colonies on western Europe?

A) Colonial development resulted in a greater sense of cooperation among European nations.
B) The development of colonies hastened the growth of centralized governments and destroyed the growth of the merchant class in western Europe.
C) The use of colonially produced sugar spread widely in Europe, particularly in countries with relatively cold climates.
D) The introduction of colonialism in places like India resulted in bringing these civilizations within the framework of Western civilization.

Question 45

In which of the following colonies did a fuller development of Western institutions and values take place?

A) Spanish Latin America
B) French and British colonies of North America
C) Brazil
D) India

Question 46

Why did the southern colonies of the Atlantic seaboard win importance before those farther north?

A) Gold was discovered within the southern colonies of the Atlantic seaboard.
B) The harsh climate of the northern colonies left those regions virtually unsettled.
C) Only the southern colonies were able to eliminate the native Indian population.
D) Patterns of plantation production of cash crops produced by coercive labor emerged there.

Question 47

Which of the following statements concerning the interaction of North American colonists with the Indians is most accurate?

A) Colonists interacted with Indians, learned from them, and misused them, but did not forge a new cultural amalgam as occurred in much of Latin America.
B) Constant warfare between the numerous sedentary agricultural tribes and the European colonists resulted in limited immigration from Europe.
C) Rapid intermarriage between Europeans and the Native Americans resulted in the creation of a new class of people, the mestizos, who continued to play a significant role in North American colonial development.
D) The occurrence of disease that rapidly decimated the Indian populations of Latin America did not take place in North America, thus Indian populations remained large and intermingled with the European immigrants.

Question 48

As a result of what treaty did the French lose their colony in North America to the British?

A) Treaty of Westphalia, 1648
B) Treaty of Paris, 1763
C) Treaty of Utrecht, 1714
D) Treaty of Ryswick, 1705

Question 49

Describe the early European exploration of the world. Characterize the nature of early settlement.

Question 50

What was the nature of the ʺColombian Exchangeʺ?

Question 51

The European expansion of the 16th and 17th centuries created an imbalance in world trade.
Discuss the emergence of dominant core areas and peripheral dependent zones.

Question 52

Prior to 1600, what areas of the world remained outside the global trading network? What areas were then incorporated into the network after 1600?

Question 53

Of all the colonial systems, the Atlantic colonies of North America most fully incorporated Western civilization. In what ways were the Atlantic colonies similar to the West? In what ways did they differ?