Deck 6: A Brief History of Police Technology

Question 1

Like optical scanners, capacitance fingerprint scanners generate an image of the ridges and valleys that make up a fingerprint. But instead of sensing the print using light, the capacitors use electrical current.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Critical Social Theory is a general term for new theoretical developments (roughly since the 1960s) in a variety of fields. In our context, it looks at the way in which a community comes together to solve a problem.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A latent fingerprint is generally visible to the naked, unaided eye.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Normative sponsorship theory is general term for new theoretical developments (roughly since the 1960s) in a variety of fields. In our context, it looks at the way in which a community comes together to solve a problem.

Question 5

A policy is a general principle by which a government, company, or organization is guided in its management.

Question 6

Tactical Information can best be used in the long-term planning process.

Question 7

Whenever a line, ridge or valley on a fingerprint stops or splits it is referred to as a typica.

Question 8

Advances in technology have made fingerprint information tactical information.

Question 9

Because a capacitance scanner is actually taking measurements, it is less difficult to fool or spoof than an optical scanner.

Question 10

Fragmentation causes equipment and technology acquisitions to be on an agency-by-agency basis.

Question 11

A solid-state chip containing a series of tiny, light-sensitive photosites. ________ consist of thousands or even millions of cells, each of which is light-sensitive and capable of producing varying amounts of charge in response to the amount of light they receive.

A) An electronic scanner
B) A capacitance scanner
C) An optical scanner
D) A charged coupled device

Question 12

Incident Driven Policing is a style of policing developed during the ________. It is a style wherein police officers respond to calls for service rather than seeking to solve the underlying problems causing the calls for service.

A) Community Model
B) Political Model
C) Professional Model
D) none of the above

Question 13

________ is a computerized index of criminal justice information (i.e., criminal record history information, fugitives, stolen properties, missing persons). It is available to Federal, state, and local law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies and is operational 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

A) The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)
B) The National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
C) The Automated Crime Index Center (ACIC)
D) The National Center for Crime Information (NCCI)

Question 14

The greatest difference between problem orientated and community orientated policing is the way in which ________ is defined.

A) Community
B) Technology
C) Crime
D) Policing

Question 15

Strategic Information is best used for ________.

A) immediate decisions
B) Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) incidents
C) long-term planning
D) field interview situations

Question 16

The problem of fragmentation has the direst consequences when state, federal or local law enforcement agencies are ________ and have incompatible technologies.

A) isolated or detached
B) disconnected or remote
C) distance or remote
D) contiguous or overlapping

Question 17

The ________ of policing was about mobility and bureaucratic control of officers.

A) Civil Service Model
B) Community Based Model
C) Political Model
D) Professional Model

Question 18

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol experiment concluded that ________ patrol did not work and new models of policing were needed.

A) selective
B) random
C) continuous
D) directed

Question 19

A ________ fingerprint is those left by touching a substance before touching a surface.

A) hidden
B) visible
C) plastic
D) latent

Question 20

Optical scanning uses a ________.

A) Charged Optical Device (COD)
B) capacitor
C) transistor
D) Charged Coupled Device (CDD)

Question 21

A biometric identification methodology that uses digital imaging technology to obtain, store, and analyze fingerprint data best describes:

A) National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
B) Dactylography
C) Capacitance Scanner
D) Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)

Question 22

The current model of policing emphasizing problem solving, partnership with the community and decentralization is best known as:

A) Community Orientated Policing
B) Incident Driven Policing
C) The Political Model
D) The Professional Model

Question 23

The science of fingerprints is known as:

A) Minutiae Technology
B) Biometrics
C) Palmisty
D) Dactylography

Question 24

Prior to the institution of civil service tests police officers were appointed generally describes the:

A) The Incident Driven Model of Policing
B) Political Model of Policing
C) The Community Model of Policing
D) Professional Model of Policing

Question 25

A written, step-by-step set of instruction for employees to accomplish a task best describes:

A) An algorithm
B) A rule
C) A policy
D) A Procedure

Question 26

The way in which organizational policies are acted out at the line level has sometimes been referred to as:

A) Street-level Bureaucracy
B) Screen-level procedures
C) Screen-level Bureaucracy
D) Street-level procedures

Question 27

Most scholars divide the history of American policing into three eras:

A) Political, Professional, Problem-based
B) Political, Professional, Community-based
C) Political, Incident-driven, Community-based
D) Political, Incident-driven, Problem-based

Question 28

The professional model and technology changed the relationship between the police and the community by:

A) Increase involvement by police officers in traffic enforcement changed peoples view from the police being protectors to the police being enforcers.
B) As officers moved from foot-beats to the isolation of the radio cal, the casual day-to-day contact with the average citizen diminished substantially.
C) It increased the distance between the police and the community.
D) all of the above

Question 29

Broadly speaking, in law enforcement, information can be thought of as:

A) Public and Confidential
B) Criminal and Non-criminal
C) Public and Private
D) Strategic and Tactical

Question 30

The National Crime Information Center fingerprint classification system has:

A) An eight digit code
B) A twenty digit code
C) A ten digit code
D) A sixteen digit code