Deck 2: Federal Legislation: Early Intervention and Preventionearly Intervention and Prevention

Question 1

What was the significance of Bloom's (1964) and Hunt's (1961) research studies?

A) It indicated that genetic predeterminism was the deciding factor in the distribution of intelligence among individuals.
B) It showed that intelligence was fixed at the time of birth.
C) Instead of intelligence being fixed at the time of birth or solely determined by genetics, intelligence was shown to be greatly influenced by environment and experience.
D) Children did not need to grow up significantly delayed if they were provided with appropriate stimulation early in life.

Answer 1

Instead of intelligence being fixed at the time of birth or solely determined by genetics, intelligence was shown to be greatly influenced by environment and experience.

Question 2

What was the significance of changing the name of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (popularly referred to as The Bill of Rights for Handicapped Children) to the latest title of Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act?

A) Reflects changes from 1975 to the current day
B) Name has to be changed every ten years
C) Reflects a focus on people-first terminology
D) Guarantees right to a free and appropriate public education

Answer 2

Reflects a focus on people-first terminology

Question 3

How is it determined whether children with disabilities or developmental delays require test accommodations?

A) The teacher decides.
B) The child decides.
C) The school decides.
D) The answer is provided in the children's IEPs.

Answer 3

The answer is provided in the children's IEPs.

Question 4

What educational reason is cited for the relevance of the Brown v. Board of Education case?

A) Race
B) Ability
C) Landmark case for the inclusion of all children
D) Fourteenth Amendment

Question 5

What are the distinguishing features between traditional and contemporary views of identifying giftedness?

A) The traditional view of giftedness relies solely on a child's intelligence as measured by IQ tests; the contemporary view builds on theories of multiple intelligence.
B) The traditional view builds on theories of multiple intelligence; the contemporary view relies solely on a child's intelligence as measured by IQ tests.
C) There are different levels of interest in identifying giftedness.
D) States were not required to have special programs for children who are gifted or talented; states are now required to have special programs for children who are gifted or talented.

Question 6

What term applies to the escalation of developmental delays related to a disability?

A) Developmental delay
B) Cumulative deficits
C) Secondary disabilities
D) Primary disabilities

Question 7

The reevaluation of the institutionalization of young children with disabilities was a result of the recognition of the importance of which of the following?

A) Compensatory education
B) Civil rights
C) Early intervention
D) Genetic predeterminism

Question 8

Kirk (1972) demonstrated that for some preschool children, their "mental disability" was a result of which of the following?

A) Genetic predeterminism
B) Early intervention
C) Compensatory education
D) An inadequate learning environment

Question 9

Which legislation required requires schools that offer preschool to children without disabilities to also offer comparable services to children with disabilities?

A) Early Education Project for Children with Disabilities
B) The Developmental Disabilities Act
C) IDEIA
D) Head Start Act

Question 10

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), schools must make reasonable modifications to their policies and practices to include all individuals with disabilities in their program. Which of the following is an exception to this law?

A) The modification would result in a fundamental alteration of the program.
B) The modification would serve a child in a wheelchair.
C) The modification would serve a parent in a wheelchair.
D) The modification would serve a child who is not toilet trained.

Question 11

No Child Left Behind specifically requires states to do which of the following?

A) Refer more students to special education
B) Receive Title I funding
C) Hire more teachers
D) Bring all students to the proficient level on state tests

Question 12

Under NCLB, schools and school districts that show little or no growth are at risk of losing which of the following?

A) Professional development
B) Federal funding and teachers
C) Textbooks
D) Special education programming

Question 13

Sacramento Unified School District vs. Holland (1992) did what to determine the feasibility of inclusion?

A) It placed a nine-year-old girl with Down syndrome in a general education class for 30 days.
B) It provided a four-part test looking at supports, benefits, the effect on other students, and cost.
C) It cited the Fourteenth Amendment as a basis for the feasibility of inclusion.
D) It requested a budget outlining the costs of a placement in general education.

Question 14

According to the text, which of the following is a major challenge in providing services to children who are gifted?

A) Providing a curriculum that is adequately challenging
B) Identifying parents to help raise funds for the program
C) Understanding the legislation
D) Identifying children in a way that is free of racial and cultural bias

Question 15

Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program provide coverage to more than 36 million children a year. The program covers the majority of the children in the country that need insurance.

Question 16

In recent years, much of the federal legislation on behalf of children has been focused on which of the following?

A) Identifying and serving children who are gifted
B) Prevention of developmental disabilities only during pregnancy
C) Prevention of secondary disabilities
D) Prevention of developmental disabilities

Question 17

Which of the following was an outcome of early research demonstrating that intelligence can be influenced by environment and experience?

A) No Child Left Behind
B) Head Start
C) The Civil Rights Movement
D) University Affiliated Facilities

Question 18

Which of the following outcomes of the Civil Rights movement had a significant impact on individuals with disabilities?

A) The idea that intelligence is genetically predetermined
B) The right to vote
C) Access to a free and equal education
D) Equal access to transportation

Question 19

Which of the following pieces of landmark legislation was responsible for first establishing interdisciplinary team practices related to early intervention services for infants and children with disabilities?

A) Head Start Act
B) Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
C) Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
D) University Affiliated Facilities

Question 20

Which legislation requires that childcare providers, preschools, and private and public schools not discriminate against children with disabilities?

A) Early Education Project for Children with Disabilities
B) No Child Left Behind
C) American with Disabilities Act (ADA)
D) Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)

Question 21

The requirement of least restrictive environments is a result of which of the following?

A) PL 94-142
B) No Child Left Behind
C) American with Disabilities Act (ADA)
D) PL 90-538

Question 22

NCLB has separate requirements for children with disabilities, children with English as a second language, children of Native American or Alaskan descent, children who are at risk or abused, and children of migrant workers.

Question 23

In 2012, President Obama granted waivers from NCLB requirements to several states. In exchange for flexibility, states developed plans designed to do which of the following?

A) Refer more students to special education
B) Require programs for gifted students
C) Hire more teachers
D) Increase equity

Question 24

What is case law?

A) Clarification of existing laws based on judicial rulings
B) A new law enacted to change a pre-existing law
C) A summary of a recent case
D) Another name for legislation

Question 25

For children with severe disabilities, the ruling in Oberti v. Board of Education of Clementon School District (1993) granted the right to an inclusive education, stating which of the following?

A) "There are non-academic benefits associated with inclusion."
B) "Inclusion should happen, no matter the cost."
C) "Inclusion is a right, and not a privilege for a select few."
D) "Inclusion is not a choice, it's the law."

Question 26

The discretionary federal money provided under the Gifted and Talented Special Education Act can be used for which of the following?

A) Teaching English to students with limited English proficiency
B) Providing field trips to enhance the curriculum
C) Training and professional development for teachers
D) Purchasing textbooks

Question 27

States are required to have special programs for children who are gifted and talented.

Question 28

Which of the following pieces of legislation has resulted in reduced infant mortality, an increase in birth weight, and a reduction in the number of premature infants?

A) Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program
B) Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment
C) Vaccines for Children Program
D) Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children

Question 29

Which of the following legislative programs was enacted to prevent childhood diseases such as rubella, mumps, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis?

A) Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program
B) Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment
C) Vaccines for Children Program
D) Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children

Question 30

Which of the following legislative programs provides regular health care for infants and children to prevent and treat health conditions that could interfere with development?

A) Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program
B) Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment
C) Vaccines for Children Program
D) Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children

Question 31

Intelligence is fixed at birth and determined by the genome.

Question 32

Many preventive and educational rights are guaranteed by legislation.

Question 33

According to Kirk (1972), inadequate learning environments may cause intellectual disabilities in many young children.

Question 34

Gifted and talented children are not guaranteed the same rights as those with disabilities under PL 94-142.

Question 35

Head Start must include all children in their programs regardless of their disability.

Question 36

The Developmental Disabilities Act of 1973, reauthorized in 2000 (PL 106-402), ruled that states must offer preschool services to children without disabilities.

Question 37

Due process legislation legally allows parents to call a special hearing when they do not agree with the school's educational plan for their child with a disability.

Question 38

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act must be reauthorized every three years.

Question 39

A low-birth-weight infant may be at risk for a variety of conditions that can persist throughout the developmental years.

Question 40

Low-income families have the greatest number of children with disabilities.

Question 41

The Bill of Rights for Handicapped Children guaranteed all children, regardless of the severity of their disability, a right to:

A) free medical and dental care.
B) choose their school.
C) a free and appropriate public education.
D) incentive monies.

Question 42

Due process gives parents a right to:

A) select any school they want.
B) examine all records that pertain to their child.
C) receive funds for sending their child to a special school.
D) receive copies of all information on the children in their child's class.

Question 43

The purpose of Early Head Start is to:

A) serve low-income children and very young children.
B) provide free food to women, infants, and children.
C) guarantee a free and appropriate public education.
D) provide ongoing training and consultation to programs.

Question 44

What was the significance of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142)?

A) It included provisions never before written into law on behalf of people with disabilities.
B) It provided an enriched learning environment for young children of lower economic means.
C) It desegregated public schools to be inclusive of all children, regardless of race.
D) It transformed the language used when discussing disabilities to be people-first terminology.

Question 45

The important changes for infants and toddlers with the 1997 reauthorization of IDEA are in:

A) funding requirements.
B) evaluation requirements.
C) educational benefits.
D) school requirements.

Question 46

According to IDEA, educators are required to deal with challenging behaviors by:

A) suspending any child regardless of disability who is disruptive.
B) completing a functional behavioral assessment after the student with disabilities has been expelled.
C) considering positive behavioral supports as part of a functional assessment when developing an IEP.
D) suspending the child for up to 10 days.

Question 47

Prevention measures for disabilities include:

A) medical services before, after, and during birth.
B) remedial and compensatory programs.
C) Head Start and Early Start programs.
D) legislative mandates.

Question 48

More than 50 percent of conditions causing disabilities are the result of:

A) laws that deny a parent's rights to information.
B) substandard housing.
C) substandard medical care and nutrition.
D) inadequate immunizations.

Question 49

The Brown v. Board of Education ruling reformed schools to include:

A) all children regardless of race and, therefore, set the stage for the inclusion of children with disabilities.
B) children of color in separate but equal schools.
C) children with Down syndrome in public schools.
D) special programs for all minority children and all children with disabilities.

Question 50

The Education of the Handicapped Amendments, PL 99-457, greatly increased the demand for:

A) special schools for children with disabilities.
B) Head Start programs.
C) public school accessibility for infants and toddlers.
D) early childhood teachers and health care providers.

Question 51

Local school systems must provide all children, regardless of their disability, a free education according to which provision of PL 94-142?

A) Zero reject
B) Nondiscriminatory evaluation
C) Least restrictive environment inclusion
D) Due process

Question 52

In the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, the courts found that segregated schools violated which amendment to the Constitution?

A) 1st
B) 5th
C) 14th
D) 25th

Question 53

List the three principles of early care and education of children.

Question 54

Name three organizations that advocate on behalf of children with disabilities.

Question 55

Explain why Sankar-DeLeeuw (2002) believed it was important to identify and intervene with gifted and talented children at an early age.

Question 56

Summarize three due process rights of parents.

Question 57

List examples of legislative acts designed to prevent developmental disabilities and explain their impact on children and families.