Deck 15: Families and Intimate Relationships

Question 1

All of the following statements regarding kinship are true EXCEPT that:

A) in preindustrial societies, the primary form of social organization is through kinship ties
B) kinship networks lead to conflict as people compete for basic necessities of life
C) kinship systems serve as a means by which property is transferred, goods are produced and distributed, and power is allocated
D) in industrial societies, other social institutions fulfill some of the functions previously taken care of by the kinship network

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the United States,although many young people leave their __________ as they reach adulthood,finish school,and/or get married,recent studies have found that many people maintain family ties across generations,particularly as older persons remain actively involved in relationships with their adult children.

A) family of orientation
B) nuclear family
C) family of procreation
D) blended family

Answer 2

A

Question 3

__________ refers to family units composed of one or two parents and their dependent children,all of whom live apart from other relatives.

A) Nuclear family
B) Conventional family
C) Extended family
D) Blended family

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Both legal and blood ties are found in the __________.The relationship between a husband and wife is based on legal ties; however,the relationship between a parent and child may be based on either blood ties or legal ties,depending on whether the child has been adopted.

A) nuclear family
B) family of procreation
C) blended family
D) family of orientation

Question 5

__________ is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

A) Endogamy
B) Polyandry
C) Homogamy
D) Polygyny

Question 6

What constitutes a "family" has been widely debated.For many years,the standard sociological definition of family was:

A) a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption
B) a group of people who are related to one another by bonds of blood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit, and bear and raise children
C) a group of people that consists of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage
D) a social network of people into which a person is born, comprised of relatives, parents, and children who live in the same household

Question 7

Through a pattern of marriage,divorce,and remarriage,some people practice __________,a succession of marriages in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time.

A) sequential coupling
B) serial monogamy
C) marriage serialization
D) polygamy

Question 8

__________ are responsible primarily for regulating sexual activity,socializing children,and providing affection and companionship.

A) Preindustrial families
B) Industrial families
C) Hunting and gathering families
D) Contemporary families

Question 9

To more accurately reflect the changes in family life,the text provides a broad definition of what constitutes a family,which is:

A) a social network of people into which a person is born, comprised of relatives, parents, and children who live in the same household
B) a group of people, which consists of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage
C) a relationship in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group
D) a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

Question 10

__________ is the concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex.

A) Polygamy
B) Monogamy
C) Homogamy
D) Endogamy

Question 11

The __________ is the family that a person forms by having or adopting children.

A) blended family
B) family of orientation
C) nuclear family
D) family of procreation

Question 12

Although most people are related to members of their __________ by blood ties,those who are adopted have a legal tie that is patterned after a blood relationship.

A) family of procreation
B) extended family
C) family of orientation
D) blended family

Question 13

In the United States,the only legally sanctioned form of marriage is __________,which refers to a marriage between two partners,usually a woman and a man.

A) homogamy
B) polygamy
C) monogamy
D) polyandry

Question 14

__________ is a legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity.

A) Marriage
B) Cohabitation
C) Trial separation
D) Monogamous experimentation

Question 15

In preindustrial societies,the primary form of social organization is through __________ ties,which refers to a social network of people based on common ancestry,marriage,or adoption.

A) family
B) lineage
C) kinship
D) heritage

Question 16

A comparison of Census Bureau data from 1980 to 2010 shows that there has been __________ in the percentage of U.S.households comprising a married couple with their own children under eighteen years of age.

A) a significant increase
B) a very minor change
C) a significant decline
D) basically no change in the data

Question 17

The __________ is the family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place.

A) family of orientation
B) nuclear family
C) family of procreation
D) extended family

Question 18

With the advent of industrialization and urbanization,maintaining the __________ family pattern becomes more difficult in societies.Increasingly,young people move from rural to urban areas in search of employment in the industrializing sector of the economy.At that time,the __________ family typically becomes the predominant family pattern in the society.
A) blended; extended

A) extended; nuclear
B) nuclear; conventional
C) nuclear; extended

Question 19

In horticultural and agricultural societies,__________ are extremely important; having a large number of family members participate in food production may be essential for survival.

A) nuclear families
B) blended families
C) conventional families
D) extended families

Question 20

The __________ refers to family units that are composed of relatives in addition to parents and children who live in the same household.

A) blended family
B) conventional family
C) extended family
D) nuclear family

Question 21

Kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally).The most common form is __________ a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.

A) bitriarchal descent
B) bilateral descent
C) bitricentric descent
D) bitrilocal descent

Question 22

Few societies have residential patterns known as __________ residence,which refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents.

A) matriarchal
B) matrilocal
C) matricentric
D) matrilineal

Question 23

Residential patterns are interrelated with the authority structure and method of tracing descent in families.__________ residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family.

A) Patriarchal
B) Patrilocal
C) Patricentric
D) Patrilineal

Question 24

All of the following are forms of familial power and authority,as mentioned in the text,EXCEPT:

A) patriarchy
B) matriarchy
C) egalitarianism
D) bilateralism

Question 25

In industrialized nations such as the United States,most couples hope to live in a(n) __________ residence-the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents.

A) neolocal
B) bilateral
C) egalitarian
D) neocentric

Question 26

In preindustrial societies,kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally).The most common pattern of unilineal descent is __________,which is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.

A) patriarchal descent
B) patrilineal descent
C) patrilocal descent
D) patricentric descent

Question 27

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father).

A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) egalitarian
D) bilateral

Question 28

Even with the less common pattern of __________-a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family-women may not control property.

A) matriarchal descent
B) matricentric descent
C) matrilocal descent
D) matrilineal descent

Question 29

The cost of maintenance and a nearly balanced sex ratio in a geographical area tends to limit this type of marriage.

A) endogamy
B) polygamy
C) homogamy
D) monogamy

Question 30

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother).

A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) egalitarian
D) bilateral

Question 31

__________ is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men.It is very rare.

A) Endogamy
B) Polyandry
C) Homogamy
D) Polygyny

Question 32

__________ systems are set up in such a manner that a legitimate son inherits his father's property and sometimes his position upon the father's death.

A) Patrilineal
B) Patrilocal
C) Patricentric
D) Patriarchal

Question 33

_________ is very rare and when it does occur,it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of female infanticide.

A) Polyandry
B) Homogamy
C) Polygyny
D) Endogamy

Question 34

Descent and inheritance rights are intricately linked with patterns of power and authority in families.Across cultures,the most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is:

A) homogamy
B) matriarchy
C) egalitarianism
D) patriarchy

Question 35

In the United States,most people practice __________.They marry people who come from the same social class,racial/ethnic group,religious affiliation,and other categories considered important within their own social group.

A) exogamy
B) egalitarianism
C) heterogamy
D) endogamy

Question 36

In nations such as India,where boys are seen as permanent _________ family members,girls tend to be seen as more expendable than boys.

A) matrilineal
B) patrilocal
C) patrilineal
D) patriarchal

Question 37

In __________ systems,inheritance of property and position usually is traced from the maternal uncle (mother's brother) to his nephew (mother's son) and,in some cases,mothers may pass on their property to daughters.

A) matricentric
B) matrilocal
C) matrilineal
D) matriarchal

Question 38

Across cultures,__________ is most common.In al-Barba,a lower-middle-class neighborhood in the Jordanian city of Irbid,the high cost of renting an apartment or building a new home has resulted in many sons building their own living quarters onto their parents' home,resulting in multi-family households.

A) matrilocal residency
B) multilocal residency
C) neolocal residency
D) patrilocal residency

Question 39

Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules.__________ is the practice of marrying within one's own group.

A) Exogamy
B) Homogamy
C) Endogamy
D) Heterogamy

Question 40

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which both partners share power and authority equally.

A) biarchal
B) bipolar
C) egalitarian
D) bilateral

Question 41

Early __________,such as Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead,provided key insights on the roles we play as family members and how we modify or adapt our roles to the expectations of others,especially significant others such as parents.

A) postmodernists
B) symbolic interactionists
C) conflict theorists
D) functionalists

Question 42

Social scientists refer to __________ as the pattern of individuals marrying those who have similar characteristics such as race/ethnicity,religious background,age,education,and/or social class.

A) egalitarianism
B) endogamy
C) exogamy
D) heterogamy

Question 43

Some conflict explanations of family problems,such as high rates of divorce and overall family instability,focus on:

A) how exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes contributes to family problems
B) the relationship between family troubles and changes in other social institutions, such as the economy, religion, and law
C) the way in which definitions concerning family problems not only are socially constructed, but also have an effect on how people are treated
D) diversity and fragmentation of families

Question 44

Incest taboos that prohibit sexual contact or marriage between certain relatives would be an example of which key function of family?

A) Sexual regulation
B) Socialization
C) Economic and psychological support
D) Provisions of social status

Question 45

In advanced industrial societies,families serve all of the following functions EXCEPT:

A) sexual regulation
B) economic and psychological support
C) provision of social status
D) guaranteed reproduction

Question 46

Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules.__________ is the practice of marrying outside one's own social groups or category.

A) Exogamy
B) Homogamy
C) Heterogamy
D) Endogamy

Question 47

According to __________,marriage is a microcosmic replica of the larger society; both marriage and society involve a mental and moral fusion of physically distinct individuals.

A) Talcott Parsons
B) George Herbert Mead
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Jonathan Turner

Question 48

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons,the husband/father fulfills the __________ (meeting the family's economic needs,making important decisions,and providing leadership).

A) egalitarian role
B) expressive role
C) authoritarian role
D) instrumental role

Question 49

Families confer ____________.These would include race/ethnicity,nationality,social class,and sometimes religious affiliation.

A) sexual regulation
B) achieved status
C) social status and reputation
D) socialization

Question 50

___________ are responsible for providing economic and psychological support for members.

A) Government
B) Education
C) Economy
D) Families

Question 51

The __________ explains family relationships in terms of the subjective meanings and everyday interpretations that people give to their lives.

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) symbolic interactionist perspective
D) postmodernist perspective

Question 52

__________ is the subdiscipline of sociology that attempts to describe and explain patterns of family life and variations in family structure.

A) Sociology of kinship
B) Sociology of genealogy
C) Sociology of family
D) Sociology of domestication

Question 53

Some feminist perspectives on inequality in families focus on _________ rather than class.From this viewpoint,men's domination over women existed long before capitalism and private ownership of property.

A) matriarchy
B) the definition of family
C) egalitarianism
D) patriarchy

Question 54

According to sociologists Peter Berger and Hansfried Kellner,interaction between marital partners:

A) contributes to a shared reality
B) inevitably leads to conflict
C) produces functional consequences
D) is similar to the interactions between workers and owners in a factory

Question 55

Sociologist Lillian Rubin suggests that clinging to a traditional image of families:

A) may be precisely what is needed to restore our faith in family solidarity
B) is hypocritical in light of our society's failure to support families
C) is highly desirable when you consider declining divorce rates
D) would lower the rate of unplanned, unwanted pregnancies

Question 56

Parents and other relatives are responsible for teaching children the necessary knowledge and skills to survive.Which of the following key functions that families serve does this statement address?

A) sexual regulation
B) socialization
C) economic and psychological support
D) provisions of social status

Question 57

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons,the wife/mother fulfills the __________ (running the household,caring for children,and meeting the emotional needs of family members).

A) authoritarian role
B) expressive role
C) instrumental role
D) egalitarian role

Question 58

The statement "Male power in our society is expressed in economic terms even if it does not originate in property relations; women's activities in the home have been undervalued at the same time as their labor has been controlled by men" is representative of what perspective?

A) conflict perspective on inequality
B) feminist perspective on inequality
C) functionalist perspective on inequality
D) symbolic perspective on inequality

Question 59

__________ theorists emphasize the importance of the family in maintaining the stability of society and the well-being of individuals.

A) Symbolic interactionist
B) Conflict
C) Functionalist
D) Postmodernist

Question 60

The text points out that conflict and feminist analysts:

A) examine the relationship between family troubles and a decline in other social institutions
B) view functionalist perspectives on the role of the family as realistic and adequate
C) view families as sources of social inequality and conflict over values, goals, and access to resources and power
D) examine the roles of husbands, wives, and children as they act out their own part and react to the actions of others

Question 61

As sociologist Jessie Bernard pointed out,women and men experience marriage differently.The husband may see his marriage very positively; the wife may feel less positive about her marriage,and vice versa.This is an example of:

A) low self-esteem on the part of both people involved
B) family influence on the reality of both parties involved
C) two realities that frequently do not coincide
D) a belief by both in stereotypic gender roles

Question 62

During the Industrial Revolution,people came to view work and home as separate spheres in which different feelings and emotions were appropriate.The public sphere of work was men's sphere and was characterized by:

A) self-reliance and independence
B) giving of services
C) exchange of gifts and love
D) emotions

Question 63

During the Industrial Revolution,people became to view work and home as separate spheres in which different feelings and emotions were appropriate.The private sphere of the home was the women's sphere and emphasized all the following EXCEPT:

A) self-reliance and independence
B) the giving of services
C) the exchange of gifts and love
D) emotions

Question 64

Recently the Census Bureau has begun to use a more inclusive definition of __________,referring to it as a couple who live together without being legally married.

A) miscegenetic
B) cohabitation
C) matrimonial
D) connubial

Question 65

Based on Census Bureau data,the people who are most likely to cohabit are:

A) under the age of 25
B) under the age of 35
C) under the age of 45
D) over the age of 55

Question 66

In regard to housework,sociologist Arlie Hochschild notes that:

A) domestic work is now shared by both husbands and wives
B) although women and men perform different household tasks, they have similar deadlines for their work
C) even when husbands share some of the household responsibilities, they typically spend much less time in these activities than do their wives
D) the unpaid housework that women do amounts to an extra week of work each year

Question 67

In regard to women's and men's perceptions about romantic love,sociologist Francesca Cancian points out that:

A) women tend to express their feelings nonverbally
B) men tend to express their love through actions, such as running an errand for someone
C) women and men tend to express love in much the same manner
D) women tend to interpret men's actions as signs of love regardless of their actual meanings

Question 68

__________ percent of all marriages in the United States are dual-earner marriages,in which both spouses are in the labor force.

A) Less than 10
B) About 25
C) Over 50
D) Nearly 90

Question 69

The National Health and Social Life Survey,conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago,reported all of the following findings EXCEPT that:

A) 9 percent of the men said they had at least one homosexual encounter resulting in orgasm
B) 2.8 percent of the men and 1.4 percent of the women in this investigation identified themselves as gay or lesbian
C) persons who engaged in extramarital sex found their activities to be less thrilling than those with a marital partner, but they also felt less guilt
D) persons in sustained relationships such as marriage or cohabitation found sexual activity to be the most satisfying emotionally and physically

Question 70

Another characteristic of the postmodern family is __________,where the boundaries between the public sphere (the workplace) and the private sphere (the home) are becoming much more open and flexible.

A) industrialization
B) postmodernization
C) modernization
D) urbanity

Question 71

According to ________ theories,we have experienced a significant decline in the influence of the family and other social institutions.

A) functionalist
B) postmodern
C) conflict
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 72

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild refers to the __________ as the domestic work that employed women perform at home after they complete their workday on the job.

A) second shift
B) double bind
C) domestic bind
D) need for a working-woman's-holiday

Question 73

Kissing is found primarily in Western cultures; many African and Asian cultures view kissing negatively.This is an example of:

A) miscegenation differences
B) differences in intimacy across cultures
C) taboos
D) disproportionate sanctions

Question 74

Family life ___________ by the decreasing distinction between what is work time and what is family time as more people are connected 24/7.

A) may be positively affected
B) may be neutrally affected
C) may be negatively affected
D) may flourish

Question 75

Social scientist David Elkind describes the postmodern family as __________-capable of being diffused or invaded in such a manner that an entity's original purpose is modified or changed.

A) permeable
B) disappearing
C) becoming weaker
D) becoming less autonomous

Question 76

__________ refers to household arrangements in which an unmarried couple lives together in a committed,sexually intimate relationship and is granted the same rights and benefits as those accorded to married heterosexual couples.

A) Sanctioned partnerships
B) Permanent cohabitation
C) Legal cohabitation
D) Domestic partnership

Question 77

In 2010,more than __________ percent of employed mothers with children under age 6 worked full-time.

A) 33
B) 50
C) 75
D) 90

Question 78

Although __________ is an integral part of many intimate relationships,perceptions about sexual activities vary from one culture to the next and from one time period to another.

A) promiscuity
B) sexuality
C) kissing
D) love

Question 79

The United States has been described as a "nation of lovers." Our ideal culture emphasizes __________,which refers to a deep emotion,the satisfaction of significant needs,a caring for and acceptance of the person we love,and involvement in an intimate relationship.

A) marriage
B) romantic love
C) sexual lust
D) cohabitation

Question 80

In 2004,___________ became the first state to make same-sex marriages legal.

A) California
B) Massachusetts
C) Vermont
D) New Hampshire