Deck 2: Culture and Socialization

Question 1

Which of the following is considered an aspect of culture?

A) using American Sign Language (ASL)
B) watching the Super Bowl game
C) eating in fast-food restaurants
D) all of these

Answer 1

all of these

Question 2

Which one of the following is an example of a society?

A) an Amish community in Pennsylvania
B) the state of Alaska
C) a British rugby team
D) a small tribe on a remote South Pacific island

Answer 2

a small tribe on a remote South Pacific island

Question 3

George Murdoch's research indicated that which one of the following is a cultural universal?

A) war
B) astronomy
C) medicine
D) all of these

Answer 3

medicine

Question 4

A list of cultural universals was compiled by anthropologist

A) Max Weber.
B) George Murdock.
C) Margaret Mead.
D) William F. Ogburn.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of cultural diffusion?

A) McDonald's serving samurai pork burgers in Thailand.
B) McDonald's maintaining separate sections for female and male customers in Saudi Arabia.
C) McDonald's serving chicken tatsuta sandwiches (fried chicken spiced with soy sauce and ginger and served with cabbage and mustard mayonnaise) in Japan.
D) The presence of McDonald's restaurants in Thailand, Saudi Arabia, and Japan.

Question 6

George Ritzer's concept of the "McDonaldization of society" refers to

A) the placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community over 5,000 inhabitants by the year 2010.
B) the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants.
C) the existence of a fast-food franchise in countries throughout the world.
D) the diffusion of cartoon mascots to the developing world.

Question 7

Which sociologist defined technology as "cultural information about the ways in which material resources of the environment may be used"?

A) Seymour Martin Lipset
B) Robin Williams
C) George Murdock
D) Gerhard Lenski

Question 8

The use of the terms "tic tac" and "King Kong vaults" by athletes who play parkour is an example of

A) argot.
B) taboo.
C) linguistics.
D) nonverbal language.

Question 9

Armed militia groups, terrorists, and hippies would all be examples of a

A) subculture.
B) counterculture.
C) material culture.
D) nonmaterial culture.

Question 10

Culture shock is

A) the act of viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture.
B) the feelings of disorientation, uncertainty, or fear that is experienced when people witness cultural practices different from their own.
C) being unaware of the existence of other cultures.
D) a set of beliefs and practices that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests.

Question 11

A man goes to an urologist who has been recommended by his family physician. When the urologist greets him in the examining room, the man discovers that the urologist is a female, and he is startled that a woman will examine him. He is experiencing

A) culture shock.
B) cultural relativism.
C) cultural universals.
D) cultural integration.

Question 12

A member of a new fundamentalist church believes that he or she has found the one true way to achieve salvation and members of other religions are pagans and will go directly to hell when they die. This individual is

A) xenocentric.
B) ethnocentric.
C) culturally relative.
D) monophobic.

Question 13

Norms can include

A) rules governing specific behavior.
B) rules deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
C) rules commonly made by a government for the welfare of a society.
D) all of these

Question 14

Within the traditional Buddhist areas of Southeast Asia, which one of the following is a folkway that reinforces patterns of male dominance?

A) In the sleeping cars of trains, women do not sleep in the upper berths above men.
B) Hospitals that house men on the first floor do not place women patients on the second floor.
C) On clotheslines, women's attire is hung lower than that of men.
D) All of these

Question 15

Norms are often violated when

A) they are weakly enforced.
B) a new context changes the relevance of the norm.
C) they conflict with one another.
D) all of these

Question 16

In surveys of first-year college students over the last 50 years, which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity?

A) being very well off financially
B) developing a meaningful life
C) achieving fame
D) finding true love

Question 17

Which sociological thesis suggests that cultural and religious identities, rather than national or political loyalties, are becoming the prime source of international conflict?

A) functionalist perspective
B) clash of civilizations
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 18

Social scientists now recognize that

A) it is not enough to care for an infant's physical needs; parents must also concern themselves with children's social development.
B) if young children are kept clean and warm, they will develop normally.
C) social interaction for young children is not as important as was once believed.
D Isabelle was emotionally and socially healthy; individuals and the early researchers who believed . otherwise were simply expressing their cultural biases.

Question 19

A child can respond to numerous members of the social environment and grasp his or her distinctive social positions when he or she reaches the

A) preparatory stage.
B) game stage.
C) play stage.
D) concrete operational stage.

Question 20

A _________ is the best example of a significant other.

A) high school coach
B) clerk in a fast-food restaurant
C) bus driver
D) casual acquaintance at school

Question 21

Because of the influence of significant others in the development of self, young people

A) are less likely to have a "looking-glass self".
B) may be drawn to the same kind of work their parents engage in.
C) struggle to find romantic partners.
D) all of these

Question 22

The dramaturgical approach is

A) a view of social interaction under which people are examined as if they were theatrical performers.
B) a concept used to refer to people's efforts to maintain the proper image and avoid embarrassment in public.
C) a phrase used to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interaction with others.
D) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life.

Question 23

Which sociological perspective reminds us that socialization concerning not only masculinity and femininity, but also marriage and parenthood, begins in childhood as a part of family life? For example, children observe their parents as they express affection, deal with finances, quarrel, complain about in-laws, and so forth.

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 24

Which of the following sociologists coined the term total institution?

A) Erving Goffman
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Herbert Spencer

Question 25

The members of your nuclear family, your athletic coach, a teacher in a large lecture hall, a clerk at your favorite store, and casual acquaintances are all considered as significant others.

Question 26

Define the term globalization and describe how it affects culture today. Give an example to support your answer.

Question 27

Explain the differences among innovations, discoveries, inventions, and diffusion. Give examples of each to clarify the differences between them.

Question 28

Describe Piaget's stages of cognitive theory of development and the benchmark developments associated with each.

Question 29

Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each. Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types.

Question 30

Explain the differences and similarities among socialization, resocialization, and anticipatory socialization.

Question 31

Identify the various agents of socialization and discuss the importance of each in the formation of a social self.