Deck 12: Social Inequality and Social Movements

Question 1

In the U.S. during the latter part of the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth centuries:

A) wages and hours were of little concern to workers
B) employers reduced their control over workers
C) company stores and black listing were no longer present
D) there were few, if any, protections for workers against work hazards

Answer 1

there were few, if any, protections for workers against work hazards

Question 2

The scientific-management movement among employers:

A) allowed employees to work at their own pace
B) made work more enjoyable by enriching the nature of tasks
C) sought to keep up production and efficiency
D) created a way for managers to supervise in an unbiased manner

Answer 2

sought to keep up production and efficiency

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT an external factor that led to the growth of the labor movement?

A) a tight labor market gave workers greater bargaining power
B) economic opportunities were plentiful
C) a variety of political and legal expressions permitted for example, the right to unionize
D) the belief by workers that their jobs were temporary

Answer 3

the belief by workers that their jobs were temporary

Question 4

Which of these was NOT used by management to divide workers?

A) scientific management
B) use of White native workers as strikebreakers
C) welfare capitalism
D) use of unskilled immigrant laborers

Question 5

Which of the following conditions contributed to the demise of welfare capitalism after the late 1920s?

A) Workers were satisfied with their conditions.
B) Welfare capitalism was inexpensive and widespread.
C) The Great Depression made it impossible for firms to meet the goals of welfare capitalism.
D) None of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the early phase of the labor movement is true?

A) Employers fought against the open shop.
B) There was little violence during strikes.
C) State and federal troops often entered labor disputes on the side of workers.
D) Labor did not have the power to be consistently successful against industrial owners.

Question 7

Historically, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was:

A) more interested in political than in economic issues
B) most interested in organizing skilled White craftsmen
C) probably the most radical of the early unions in the U.S.
D) interested in organizing all workers regardless of skill or national origin

Question 8

Brody (1980) concluded that in the waning years of the nineteenth century, the labor movement was:

A) more theoretical or utopian than practical
B) revolutionary with broad social interests
C) impatient with intellectuals and academicians
D) none of the above

Question 9

During the Great Depression:

A) approximately one-third of all wage/salary workers were completely out of work
B) many workers and unions recognized the need to resist government assistance and intervention
C) the vast majority of citizens lost faith in the U.S. system and saw socialism or communism as a viable alternative
D) all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT a critical event that strengthened labor's position during the 1930s:

A) the rising prospect of war in Europe
B) the passage of the Wagner Act which legalized the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively under the protection of the National Labor Relations Board
C) the creation of the AFL
D) none of the above

Question 11

During and after World War II, unions:

A) were very low in membership
B) moved in a more conservative direction
C) became increasingly militant and violent
D) were able to eliminate the internal splits that pitted workers against each other

Question 12

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947:

A) gave workers more power
B) required an anti-Communist pledge from workers
C) enabled unions to strike
D) all of the above

Question 13

Which best characterizes the current status of the U.S. labor movement?

A) Union membership has rapidly grown in light of the threat of globalization.
B) Membership size and union influence have generally declined in recent decades.
C) They exercise the greatest clout through workers employed in the secondary labor market.
D) None of the above.

Question 14

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, African Americans could not launch a massive civil rights campaign because:

A) racist ideologies discouraged support from Whites
B) Jim Crow laws enabled Blacks to become more integrated into the economy
C) Blacks were already receiving an abundance of federal government intervention and assistance
D) all of the above

Question 15

Among the changing conditions that strengthened the position of Blacks after World War I was the:

A) decline in Black political power
B) decreased opportunities for Blacks in urban areas
C) shift in demand from industry to agriculture
D) decline of southern agriculture coupled with the rise of industrialization

Question 16

After WWII, which of the following was NOT a political event that affected efforts for racial equality?

A) Harry Truman, in running for the presidency in 1948, had to present a platform that showed a strong desire for civil rights if he was to defeat opponents.
B) McCarthyism frightened Blacks, and the majority of Black leaders took a gradual and calm approach.
C) The U.S. support for the Nazis and colonialism made racial inequality in the U.S. more acceptable.
D) None of the above.

Question 17

The decision in the Brown v. Board of Education case:

A) was actively supported by President Eisenhower
B) did not bring about an immediate strong push to implement the new law
C) was supported by the upper class in the South but not the working class
D) was reached easily by the Supreme Court because it was easy to see that racism was evil

Question 18

The Montgomery Bus Boycott:

A) was led by Rosa Parks
B) used violence to gain worldwide attention
C) local Black churches arranged for alternative modes of transportation
D) went on for an entire month

Question 19

The violent reactions of Whites to Black attempts to fight segregation:

A) often led to intervention by federal officials
B) worked in the long run to strengthen segregation
C) diminished the desire of Black activists to continue working for progressive change
D) none of these

Question 20

Which of the following factors widened the gap between factions within the civil rights movement in the early 1960s?

A) impatience with the non-violent approach
B) a shift in goal emphasis within the movement to the problems of Black city dwellers
C) the slow, compromising approach of the federal government to problems facing Blacks
D) all of the above

Question 21

Throughout the women's movement's history, which has NOT been an important feminist belief?

A) Since women are different from men, they deserve special protections.
B) Since all women are the same, race and class differences do not matter.
C) Since women are in most respects the same as men, they deserve the same rights.
D) None of the above.

Question 22

The earliest organized efforts by women involved:

A) fighting for the abolition of slavery
B) the support of virtually every labor organization
C) support by men's antislavery organizations
D) the belief that it was unnecessary for them to create their own organization

Question 23

Early women's organizations were largely initiated by:

A) Black women
B) uneducated women
C) working-class women
D) middle-class and upper-class women

Question 24

At the 1848 meeting in Seneca Falls, New York:

A) attendance was very low
B) only women attended
C) one demand was the right to vote
D) women were more concerned with issues relating to their futures rather than their immediate experiences

Question 25

The nineteenth century concept of a lady:

A) was that she was equal to her husband
B) was that she was expected to work outside the home
C) was that if she worked, she was a different species
D) united women by race and class

Question 26

The National Woman's Party:

A) was concerned with the needs of women of all backgrounds and races
B) was almost single-minded in its pursuit of enfranchisement for women
C) did not subscribe to militancy as means to equality
D) was a third political party created by women to compete with Republicans and Democrats

Question 27

After the enfranchisement of women was accomplished in 1920, the movement for women's rights:

A) started to decline because its goals were basically met
B) became more unified
C) had more clear goals
D) none of the above

Question 28

The women's movement was mainly divided because:

A) of varying goals and ties of many women to other social movements
B) almost all women wanted protectionist legislation regarding women's maternal role
C) of women's singular view of sex inequality
D) all of the above

Question 29

In the years immediately after World War II, the social and cultural environment:

A) was ripe for minority group protest
B) challenged the traditional roles of women
C) did not foster support from the federal government nor the media
D) none of the above

Question 30

Which of the following was NOT a factor that led to cohesiveness of the National Woman's Party after WWII?

A) the varying ages and sources of identification unified most of the members
B) members had developed deep and enduring friendship networks
C) many shared activities and even living accommodations
D) none of the above

Question 31

The following is NOT a factor that made the 1960's rip for the resurgence of the women's movement?

A) The National Woman's Party provided tactics, social networks, and an identity.
B)Women were more educated and had significant experience in the labor force.
C) The civil rights movement led to ideas about equality and personal intimacy.
D) Feminists felt the need to challenge the goals of the "sexual revolution".

Question 32

The civil rights movement and the newly resurgent women's movement of the 1960s intertwined because:

A) involvement in the civil rights movement provided many women with knowledge about tactics
B) women were accorded high status in the civil rights movement
C) Black women had performed few leadership roles in the civil rights movement
D) White women were seen as equal to Black men, but not to Black women

Question 33

In numerous strike actions between 1890 and 1920, state militia and federal troops were used against workers.

Question 34

Skilled crafts workers welcomed machines with open arms because these machines gave employees greater control over their work.

Question 35

In the early part of the twentieth century, labor had received a great deal of help from the federal government, especially during the Republican administrations of the 1920s.

Question 36

The Wagner Act caused union membership to plummet in the 1930s.

Question 37

Many of the gains realized through the Wagner Act were negated by the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.

Question 38

Workers who are not union members have pensions and insurance benefits valued at less than half those of union workers.

Question 39

Protests by Blacks against Whites began during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s.

Question 40

Women were generally regarded as vital leaders within the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.

Question 41

Federal officials were always reluctant to intervene in civil rights protests.

Question 42

Violent White reactions to civil rights activities in the South actually increased support for Blacks in the North.

Question 43

During 1967 alone, there were 150 riots in major cities.

Question 44

The women's movement in the United States began in the late 1700s and early 1800s.

Question 45

Religious institutions and the media were supportive of the early women's movement.

Question 46

Feminism attracted a greater numbers of followers than the earlier "woman movement".

Question 47

At the bottom of everything, what divided women was the question of the priority of women's maternal roles compared to their employment opportunities.

Question 48

From 1945 to the 1960s, the women's movement was stronger than ever.

Question 49

The years immediately after World War II were extremely favorable to the development of the women's movement.

Question 50

Identify the major causes of divisions within the labor, Civil Rights, and women's movements? Were these movements able to overcome these divisions, and if so, how?

Question 51

Using examples from the movements covered in this chapter, discuss how surrounding economic, political, and social conditions can hinder or promote social movements.

Question 52

Among the three movements discussed in the chapter, which has been the most successful in realizing its objectives? Why?

Question 53

Among the two other movements, which has been the least successful in realizing its objectives? Why?