Deck 14: Politics and Government in Global Perspective

Question 1

According to Weber,__________ is power that is legitimized on the basis of long-standing custom.

A) charismatic authority
B) rational-legal authority
C) coercive authority
D) traditional authority

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Such diverse historical figures as Jesus Christ,Napoleon,Julius
Caesar,Adolf Hitler,Winston Churchill,Franklin Roosevelt,Martin
Luther King,Jr.,and Cesar Chavez,are examples of __________
Leaders.

A) traditional
B) charismatic
C) rational-legal
D) bureaucratic

Answer 2

B

Question 3

__________ is the area of sociology that examines the nature and consequences of power within or between societies,as well as the social and political conflicts that lead to changes in the allocation of power.

A) Governmental sociology
B) Institutional sociology
C) Political sociology
D) Cultural sociology

Answer 3

C

Question 4

__________ is the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others.Through the use of persuasion,authority,or force,some people are able to get others to submit to their demands.

A) Authority
B) Power
C) Control
D) Leverage

Question 5

British kings and queens historically traced their authority from God.Members of subordinate classes obey a leader's edicts out of economic and political dependency,and sometimes personal loyalty.This example illustrates:

A) coercive authority
B) rational-legal authority
C) charismatic authority
D) traditional authority

Question 6

Gender,race,and class relations are closely intertwined with _________ authority.

A) matriarchy
B) unilateralism
C) traditional
D) totalitarianism

Question 7

War is a form of ___________ by people who are seeking to promote their cause or resist social policies or practices that they consider oppressive.

A) collective violence
B) undeclared war
C) terrorism
D) declared war

Question 8

Most leaders do not want to base their power on force alone; they seek to legitimize their power by turning it into __________,which is the power that people accept as legitimate rather than coercive.

A) control
B) leverage
C) authority
D) political influence

Question 9

According to sociologist Max Weber,__________ authority is power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities,or the demonstration of extraordinary insight and accomplishment that inspire loyalty and obedience from followers.

A) charismatic
B) traditional
C) coercive
D) rational-legal

Question 10

__________ is the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its borders.

A) Government
B) Economics
C) Politics
D) The military

Question 11

__________ are especially concerned about how the social institutions of politics and the economy operate and how the time that people spend with various forms of media influences their perspectives on life in the global community.

A) Government analysts
B) Economic analysts
C) Anthropologists
D) Sociologists

Question 12

"Patriarchy differentiates women from men while privileging men.Racism simultaneously differentiates people of color from whites and privileges whiteness." The statement is representative of what concept?

A) racialized patriarchy
B) patriarchal colonization
C) ethnic genderization
D) gendered ethnicity

Question 13

People have a greater tendency to accept authority as legitimate if they are __________ dependent on those who hold power.

A) economically or politically
B) institutionally or economically
C) politically or culturally
D) culturally or institutionally

Question 14

The continual interplay of race and gender that reinforces traditional structures of power in contemporary societies is referred to as:

A) routinized sexism
B) racism
C) gendered matriarchy
D) racialized patriarchy

Question 15

Sociologist G.William Domhoff argues that the media:

A) tend to be totally neutral in news coverage
B) tend to reflect the biases of those with access to them
C) are more powerful than government officials
D) are more powerful than corporate leaders

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding power is FALSE?

A) Power is a social relationship that involves both leaders and followers.
B) Power is a dimension in the structure of social stratification.
C) Persons in positions of power control valuable resources of society.
D) The most basic form of power is political influence.

Question 17

The __________ is the political entity that possesses a legitimate monopoly over the use of force within its territory to achieve its goals.

A) government
B) state
C) bureaucracy
D) executive branch

Question 18

Sociologist Max Weber outlined three ideal types of authority,which include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) charismatic authority
B) traditional authority
C) coercive authority
D) rational?legal authority

Question 19

__________ is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some people and groups.

A) Government
B) Economics
C) Politics
D) The military

Question 20

All of the following are characteristics of charismatic authority EXCEPT that:

A) it tends to be temporary and relatively unstable
B) it may be legitimized by extraordinary insight
C) it often becomes legitimized on the basis of long?standing custom
D) it is usually limited to a small number of faithful followers

Question 21

Rational-legal authority is also known as __________ authority,which is based on an organizational structure that includes a clearly defined division of labor,hierarchy of authority,formal rules,and impersonality.

A) bureaucratic
B) routinized
C) democratic
D) capitalistic

Question 22

__________ authority is held by elected or appointed government officials and by officers in a formal organization.However,authority is invested in the office,not in the person who holds the office.

A) Charismatic
B) Traditional
C) Rational-legal
D) Coercive

Question 23

__________ relies on modern technology to monitor and control people; mass propaganda and electronic surveillance are widely used to influence people's thinking and control their actions.

A) Monarchy
B) Authoritarianism
C) Totalitarianism
D) Democracy

Question 24

Although the U.S.Constitution grants __________ authority to the office of the presidency,a president who fails to uphold the public trust may be removed from office.

A) traditional
B) rational-legal
C) charismatic
D) coercive

Question 25

In __________ monarchies,a powerful figure claims a hereditary right to rule (based on membership in a noble family) or a divine right to rule (a God-given right to rule that legitimizes the exercise of power).

A) constitutional
B) limited
C) absolute
D) total

Question 26

In __________ monarchies,the royalty serve as symbolic rulers or heads of state while actual authority is held by elected officials in the national parliaments.

A) constitutional
B) limited
C) absolute
D) total

Question 27

When cities developed circa 3500-3000 B.C.E.,the __________ (a city whose power extended to adjacent areas) became the center of political power.

A) city-state
B) metropolis
C) village
D) nation-state

Question 28

The royal families in the United Kingdom,Sweden,Spain,and the Netherlands are present-day examples of:

A) absolute monarchies
B) limited monarchies
C) constitutional monarchies
D) total monarchies

Question 29

The __________ of charisma occurs when charismatic authority is succeeded by a bureaucracy controlled by a rationally established authority or by a combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority.

A) traditionalization
B) bureaucratization
C) routinization
D) modernization

Question 30

__________ is a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government.

A) Authoritarianism
B) Totalitarianism
C) Monarchy
D) Democracy

Question 31

According to sociologist Max Weber,__________ authority is power legitimized by law or written rules and regulations.

A) charismatic
B) traditional
C) coercive
D) rational-legal

Question 32

__________ is a political system in which power resides in one person or family and is passed from generation to generation through lines of inheritance.

A) Monarchy
B) Totalitarianism
C) Communism
D) Democracy

Question 33

Approximately 193 nation-states currently exist throughout the world.Which of the following is not one of the four main types of political systems found in nation-states?

A) monarchy
B) communism
C) authoritarianism
D) totalitarianism

Question 34

__________ result when military officers seize power from the government,as has happened in recent decades in Argentina,Chile,and Haiti.

A) Absolute monarchies
B) Military juntas
C) Dictatorships
D) Direct participatory democracies

Question 35

A __________ is a unit of political organization that has recognizable national boundaries and whose citizens possess specific legal rights and obligations.

A) city-state
B) metropolis
C) commonwealth
D) nation-state

Question 36

Sociologist Max Weber believed that __________ authority was the only means to attain efficient,flexible,and competent regulation under a rule of law.

A) coercive b traditional
C) rational-legal
D) charismatic

Question 37

__________ is a political system in which the state seeks to regulate all aspects of people's public and private lives.

A) Democracy
B) Totalitarianism
C) Monarchy
D) Authoritarianism

Question 38

Today,__________ regimes exist in Fidel Castro's Cuba and in the People's Republic of China.These types of regimes seek to control the media and to suppress coverage of any topics or information that does not reflect upon the regime in a favorable light.

A) authoritarian
B) totalitarian
C) monarchy
D) democratic

Question 39

Unlike absolute monarchs,__________ monarchies are not considered to be above the law.

A) symbolic
B) limited
C) legal
D) total

Question 40

In dictatorships,power is gained and held by a single individual.Pure dictatorships are rare; all rulers need the support of the military and the backing of business elites to maintain their position.Dictatorships occur in ___________.

A) constitutional monarchies
B) totalitarian regimes
C) authoritarian regimes
D) democracies

Question 41

__________ is/are political coalitions made up of individuals or groups that share a specific interest they wish to protect or advance with the help of the political system.

A) Political action committees
B) Power elites
C) Special interest groups
D) Ruling class

Question 42

In the United States,people have a voice in the government through __________,whereby citizens elect representatives to serve as bridges between themselves and the government.

A) direct participatory democracy
B) representative democracy
C) symbolic democracy
D) independent involvement democracy

Question 43

Contemporary functionalists state that there are four main functions of government.Which of the following is NOT one of these functions?

A) maintaining law and order
B) planning and directing society
C) handling international relations, including warfare
D) ensuring intimacy within the family

Question 44

According to the __________ model,power in political systems is concentrated in the hands of a small group and the masses are relatively powerless.

A) pluralist
B) elite
C) ruling class
D) dominant group

Question 45

The pluralist model is rooted in a __________ perspective,which assumes that people share a consensus on central concerns,such as freedom and protection from harm,and that the government serves important functions no other institution can fulfill.

A) conflict
B) symbolic interactionist
C) functionalist
D) postmodernist

Question 46

The people who are paid to influence legislation on behalf of specific clients are referred to as:

A) jihadists
B) pressurists
C) lobbyists
D) elitists

Question 47

The U.S.Constitution requires that each state have __________ senators and a minimum of __________ member in the House of Representatives.The current size of the House of Representatives (435 seats) has not changed since the apportionment following the 1910 census.

A) four; one
B) one; three
C) three; two
D) two; one

Question 48

__________ is a political system in which the people hold the ruling power either directly or through elected representatives.

A) Totalitarianism
B) Democracy
C) Monarchy
D) Authoritarianism

Question 49

According to sociologist __________,the purpose of government is to socialize people to be good citizens,to regulate the economy so that it operates effectively,and to provide necessary services for citizens.

A) Karl Marx
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Robert Merton
D) Herbert Spencer

Question 50

According to the __________ model,power in political systems is widely dispersed throughout many competing interest groups.

A) pluralist
B) elite
C) distributive
D) ruling class

Question 51

A party won 40 percent of the vote and received 40 seats in the 100-seat legislative body; the other party won 60 percent of the vote and received the remaining 60 seats in the 100-seat legislative body.This is an example of:

A) direct participatory democracy
B) universal representation
C) representative democracy
D) proportional representation

Question 52

Although __________ theorists acknowledge that the government serves a number of important purposes in society,they assert that government exists for the benefit of wealthy or politically powerful elites who use the government to impose their will on the masses.

A) postmodern
B) symbolic interactionist
C) conflict
D) functionalist

Question 53

In a representative democracy,elected representatives are supposed to convey the concerns and interests of those they represent,and the government is expected to:

A) consult only members of their parties
B) exclude the opinions of the people in their decisions
C) be responsive to the wishes of the people
D) decide what is best for the people

Question 54

According to sociologist __________,the power elite is made up of leaders at the top of business,the executive branch of the federal government,and the military.

A) Karl Marx
B) Robert Merton
C) Emile Durkheim
D) C. Wright Mills

Question 55

Political scientists Dye,Zeigler,and Schubert summarized the key elements of pluralism.Which of the following is NOT one of these concepts?

A) Decisions are made on behalf of the people by leaders who engage in a process of bargaining, accommodation, and compromise.
B) Veto groups are strictly prohibited.
C) Public policy is not always based on majority preference; rather, it reflects a balance among competing interest groups.
D) Power is widely dispersed in society.

Question 56

Examples of __________ include the AFL-CIO (representing the majority of labor unions) and citizen groups such as the American Conservative Union and Zero Population Growth.

A) special interest groups
B) power elites
C) ruling class
D) political action committees

Question 57

Broad categories of __________ include banking,business,education,
Energy,the environment,health,labor,persons with a disability,religious
Groups,retired persons,women,and those espousing a specific
Ideological viewpoint.

A) political action committees
B) power elites
C) ruling class
D) special interest groups

Question 58

__________ requires that citizens be able to meet together regularly to debate and decide the issues of the day.

A) Representative democracy
B) Symbolic democracy
C) Direct participatory democracy
D) Independent involvement democracy

Question 59

Civil and guerrilla wars,covert operations,and some forms of terrorism are examples of:

A) declared war
B) undeclared war
C) military responses
D) domestic terrorism

Question 60

Many nations do not recognize totalitarian regimes as being the ________ government of a particular country.Afghanistan in the year 2001 was an example.

A) totalitarian
B) legitimate
C) illegitimate
D) democratic

Question 61

According to C.Wright Mills,the _________ are the most powerful segment because of their unique ability to parlay the vast economic resources at their disposal into political power.

A) corporate rich
B) legislative branch
C) unorganized masses
D) ruling class

Question 62

The number of ballots cast in 2008 was the highest in history because about 6.5 million more people were registered to vote in 2008.The larger turnout was partly a result of significant increases in all of the following populations EXCEPT:

A) elderly people
B) younger people
C) Latinos/as
D) African Americans

Question 63

Most Tea Party supporters are all of the following EXCEPT:

A) white, married, and male
B) registered Republicans
C) liberals
D) over forty-five years of age

Question 64

For young children,the __________ is the primary agent of political socialization.

A) school
B) family
C) government
D) media

Question 65

Over the past 40 years,less than half of the voting-age population has voted in nonpresidential elections.Even in presidential elections,voter turnout is often relatively low.In the 2008 presidential election,____ percent of the 208.3 million eligible voters cast ballots.

A) 40
B) 50
C) 54
D) 62

Question 66

According to sociologist G.William Domhoff,the ruling class is comprised of:

A) leaders at the top of business, the executive branch of the federal government, and the military
B) leaders who control the everyday operation of the political system
C) the corporate rich
D) members of the upper?upper class

Question 67

According to a New York Times/CBS News poll,Tea Party supporters are ____________ than the general public.

A) more liberal
B) wealthier and more well educated
C) less educated
D) less conservative

Question 68

Political __________ is the process by which people learn political attitudes,values,and behavior.

A) socialization
B) participation
C) conformity
D) persuasion

Question 69

Political scientists Thomas Dye and Harmon Zeigler suggest that all of the following are reasons why political parties do not "measure up" to certain ideal-type characteristics EXCEPT that:

A) the two parties do not offer voters clear policy alternatives
B) the two parties are oligarchies, dominated by active elites
C) party loyalties are declining
D) candidates have to rely too heavily on the parties to carry their message to the people

Question 70

The ________ is pessimistic about the direction that its members think the United States has taken under the Obama administration,and the group wants to do something about it.

A) Tea Party Movement
B) Authoritarians
C) Republicans
D) Marxists

Question 71

Political parties create a __________,which is a formal statement of the party's political positions on various social and economic issues.

A) policy
B) regulation
C) platform
D) principle

Question 72

According to sociologist G.William Domhoff,the ruling class influences the political process in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:

A) they affect the candidate selection process by helping to finance campaigns
B) they refuse to participate in the special interest process
C) they provide favors to political candidates
D) they gain access to the policy?making process through appointments to highly?select governmental committees and other governmental positions

Question 73

The U.S.__________ system is made up of formal elements,such as the
Legislative process and the duties of the president and informed
Elements.

A) economic
B) political
C) legislative
D) military

Question 74

In 2009,the _________ movement emerged to support more constitutionally limited government and to oppose various stimulus and bailout programs that use federal monies.

A) Republican Party
B) Democratic Party
C) Restrictive Marxists
D) Tea Party

Question 75

__________ votes were a significant factor in the election of Barack Obama because they strongly preferred Obama (56 percent) to John McCain (43 percent).

A) Liberal
B) Male
C) Female
D) African American

Question 76

A political party does all of the following EXCEPT:

A) develop and articulate policy positions
B) educate political candidates about issues and simplify the choices for them
C) recruit political candidates and help them win office
D) hold the political candidates responsible for implementing the party's policy positions

Question 77

All of the following are levels of participation in the government EXCEPT:

A) voting
B) attending and taking part in political meetings
C) running for or holding political office
D) watching a political speech on television

Question 78

__________ argue that people stay away from the polls because they feel alienated from politics at all levels of government-federal,state,and local-due to political corruption and influence peddling by special interests and large corporations.

A) Marxists
B) Liberals
C) Authoritarians
D) Conservatives

Question 79

According to C.Wright Mills,the _________ of the pyramid includes the legislative branch of government,special interest groups,and local opinion leaders.

A) corporate rich
B) middle level
C) unorganized masses
D) ruling class

Question 80

According to some __________ analysts,people may not vote because they are satisfied with the status quo or because they are apathetic and uninformed-they lack an understanding of both public issues and the basic processes of government.

A) liberal
B) Marxist
C) conservative
D) authoritarian