Deck 6: The Role of Parentchild Relationships in Child Development

Question 1

Bowlby's attachment theory emphasized which of the following two types of thinking?

A) Evolutionary, psychoanalytic
B) Psychoanalytic, cognitive
C) Evolutionary, behavioral
D) Cognitive, behavioral

Answer 1

Evolutionary, psychoanalytic

Question 2

Which of the following developmental phases of parent-child attachment is most closely linked to parental responsiveness to infant crying?

A) Indiscriminant social responsiveness
B) Discriminating sociability
C) Discriminant proximity maintenance
D) Goal-corrected partnership

Answer 2

Indiscriminant social responsiveness

Question 3

According to Bowlby, infant crying and smiling are examples of:

A) Potent attachment behaviors
B) Aversive attachment stimuli
C) Regressive attachment mechanisms
D) Discriminating attachment patterns

Answer 3

Potent attachment behaviors

Question 4

According to Bowlby, separation protest appears during which phase of parent-child attachment?

A) Phase 3
B) Phase 1
C) Phase 2
D) Phase 4

Question 5

Which of the following phases of attachment typically appears after 24 months of age?

A) Phase 4
B) Phase 1
C) Phase 2
D) Phase 3

Question 6

According to Ainsworth, infants should be able to use _____ as secure bases from which to explore _____:

A) Attachment figures; novel environments
B) Strangers; novel environments
C) Attachment figures; familiar situations
D) Strangers; familiar situations

Question 7

Which attachment pattern has been shown to account for about 20% of American research samples using the Strange Situation?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 8

Which of the following has NOT been found to be typical of infants with secure attachment patterns?

A) They tend to score higher on tests of cognitive ability in middle childhood
B) They play more cooperatively when interacting with friendly strangers or peers
C) They have superior problem-solving abilities in stressful and challenging contexts as preschoolers
D) They tend to be appear more socially competent and independent when they enter preschool

Question 9

Studies suggest that infant-mother attachments have _____ predictive power than infant-father attachments:

A) Greater and more consistent
B) Greater but less consistent
C) The same
D) Less

Question 10

One-year-old children who are securely attached have been found to be more likely to:

A) Pass false belief tasks at age four
B) Rely upon siblings to solve false belief tasks
C) Treat peers as equals
D) Engage in joint-attention behaviors with adults

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of Baumrind's parenting styles?

A) Neglectful
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Nonconformist

Question 12

According to Baumrind, _____ parents strive to inculcate a value system characterized by conformity to cultural and societal norms by balancing the use of both reasoning and punishment:

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Nonconformist
D) Overbearing

Question 13

Children's conceptions of attachment figures reflected in their interactions and in the feedback they receive from their parents are known as:

A) Internal working models
B) Superego
C) Object relations
D) Secure bases

Question 14

Large-scale surveys show that the vast majority of adolescents:

A) Rely on their parents for advice, support, and emotional intimacy
B) Experience significant conflict with one or both parents during the teenage years
C) Tend to seek advice from peers concerning how to deal with family conflict
D) Discuss their worries with a grandparent rather than their parents