Deck 10: Stuttering Therapy Overview: Issues and Directions

Question 1

Yairi & Seery propose that a theory-therapy link is advantageous because it

A) ensures treatment will be successful
B) provides a logical basis for sensible treatment alternatives when progress fails
C) is more favorable to clients than treatment based on a pragmatic approach
D) leads to treatment practices that are consistently similar across clients

Answer 1

provides a logical basis for sensible treatment alternatives when progress fails

Question 2

The "Fluency reinforcement" approach fits best within this broad category of treatment aims:

A) focus on improved adjustment
B) focus on reduced stuttering
C) focus on increased deliberate fluency
D) focus on increased natural fluency

Answer 2

focus on increased deliberate fluency

Question 3

If the speaker self-monitors the gestures of speech to maintain a smooth flow, she or he is using:

A) naturally fluent speech
B) fluent stuttering
C) deliberately fluent speech
D) improved cognitive adjustment

Answer 3

deliberately fluent speech

Question 4

A treatment objective: "The client will perform target fluency strategies with 90% accuracy" lacks in:

A) what level of achievement is expected
B) what conditions of performance are expected
C) who is expected to perform this objective
D) what the speaker must perform

Question 5

Clinical research to examine treatment effects within an individual is called:

A) single-subject studies
B) group studies
C) long-term studies
D) clinical trials

Question 6

When research addresses only whether significant change has occurred as a result of therapy, it is referred to as a:

A) clinical outcomes study
B) clinical efficacy study
C) clinical longitudinal study
D) clinical control study

Question 7

Deliberately fluent speech is:

A) actually not normal in spite of the fact that it is fluent
B) comfortable and normal in spite of the fact that it is deliberate
C) louder and/ or faster than normal
D) produced with the aid of an instrument

Question 8

Which of the following is a therapeutic method for stuttering aimed at achieving naturally fluent speech:

A) fluency shaping
B) modifying stuttering moments
C) promoting calmness and relaxation
D) pharmaceutical treatment

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT represent a weakness in the following therapy objective set up by a clinician: "John will perform his fluency targets with 95% accuracy"? The objective is sufficient in only one component, by providing information about the:

A) conditions where this goal is to be achieved
B) the nature of the targets
C) the measurement criterion
D) speaking context

Question 10

Relapse management for stuttering may involve any of the following except:

A) how to approach, understand, and solve related problems
B) handling stuttering moments with greater resilience
C) increasing speaking time with listeners who are perceived to be more patient
D) modifying self-talk to strengthen self-esteem

Question 11

Which consideration usually warrants the greatest weight in guiding therapy outcomes?

A) how many stuttering moments the speaker has
B) how much speaking time is spent in fluency
C) how frequently listeners perceive the speaker as fluent
D) how effective the speaker is as a communicator

Question 12

Despite the lack of a complete cure of stuttering, indications are that speech therapy can

A) eliminate emotional conflicts in people who stutter
B) increase natural fluency in nearly all people who stutter
C) alter the brain activity of people who stutter
D) effect gains in speech control that rarely result in relapse

Question 13

Those who are expected to spend the largest percentage of time talking during fluency therapy sessions:

A) conversational partners of people who stutter
B) the clients who stutter
C) the clinicians providing therapeutic guidance
D) none of the above; the aim is an equal balance of talking time among participants

Question 14

One of the major problems with theories of stuttering over the years:

A) they were narrowly focused in perspective and limited in scope
B) they prescribed specific procedures for how to handle therapy that failed
C) they were largely comprehensive and encompassed a multiple set of dimensions
D) they were tied too closely to clinical observations of what worked in therapy

Question 15

The clinician quality of being authentic and genuine is also referred to:

A) person-centered
B) empathy
C) unconditional positive regard
D) self-congruence

Question 16

In stuttering therapy the approaches of Increased Fluency and Decreased Stutter Events are basically very different.

Question 17

Preschool-aged children who exhibited natural recovery from stuttering demonstrate what is meant by naturally fluent speech.

Question 18

An evidence-based approach to intervention relies on empirical research showing that the treatment is applicable with all clients who stutter.

Question 19

Single subject research designs by nature do not involve control conditions.

Question 20

Improved cognitive-emotional adjustment is one of the three potential major goals of stuttering treatment.

Question 21

Clinical efficacy research is concerned exclusively with clinical outcomes.

Question 22

Not being physicians, speech-language clinicians have no need to follow the Hippocratic oath to "do no harm."

Question 23

Adult clients need to learn how to serve as their own therapist.

Question 24

What, if at all, is the importance of therapy guided by theory? What argument can be made for stuttering therapy which is not linked to theory?

Question 25

What issues are involved in evidence-based clinical practice? Compare the "research-first" with the "clinician's judgment first" point of views.

Question 26

Distinguish between clinical outcomes research and clinical efficacy research. Describe the features and discuss the strength and weaknesses of the two main methods used in clinical efficacy research: group studies and single-subject studies.

Question 27

Chapter 10 in your text lists several examples of questions concerning ethics involved in clinical practice. Following are five of these questions. Briefly, in a few sentences, elaborate on each:
a. Is it sound practice to base diagnosis primarily on the judgment of a person who states that s/he stutters?
b. Should I use only strict evidence-based therapies?
c. Is it ethical to tell a client that the goal for therapy is the achievement of normal
speech?
d. Is it ethical to instruct a client to stutter on purpose in the clinic or at home as part of the therapy?
e. Is it ethical to instruct a client to stutter on purpose talking to strangers in the street, store clerks, etc.?