Deck 14: Therapy for Preschool-Age Children

Question 1

An adult using an environmental modification with a child who stutters is most apt to:

A) say to the child: "Let's use our turtle talking."
B) ask the child: "Was that bumpy speech?"
C) instruct the child: "Say it like I do."
D) wait a second before speaking and model a slow, relaxed approach

Answer 1

say to the child: "Let's use our turtle talking."

Question 2

Arguably the most out-dated approach to clinical management of early childhood stuttering is:

A) direct therapy
B) parent education
C) Lidcombe program
D) Extended Length of Utterance

Answer 2

parent education

Question 3

Van Riper's main focus of therapy for preschool children was the:

A) prevention of future development of negative emotionality and the avoidance of talking
B) development of speech motor control through correction of deficient speech movements
C) reduction of stuttering behavior by the modification of its consequences
D) facilitation of fluency through slow rate

Answer 3

prevention of future development of negative emotionality and the avoidance of talking

Question 4

Speech therapy with young children should be:

A) conducted with minimal instruction or explanation
B) focused on decreased stuttering, even if the child talks less often
C) aimed to change the child's cognitive and language skills
D) rich with speech modeling and plenty of child talking time

Question 5

Speech is more likely to be fluent in:

A) unstructured free play
B) structured speaking activities
C) small group interactions
D) sentences of more than 6 words

Question 6

The best description of direct therapy according toYairi & Seery is when:

A) only the child interacts with the clinician
B) the child participates in any form of therapy that is speech or non-speech oriented
C) the child receives only speech modification therapy
D) none of the above

Question 7

Which one of the following is not a major class of therapy applied with preschool children?

A) modifying speech motor patterns
B) reinforcement of fluency via operant conditioning
C) altering parent-child interaction
D) cognitive restructuring, such as rational-emotive therapy

Question 8

Pindzola's (1987) Stuttering Intervention Program is mainly based in which of these theories?

A) demands and capacities model
B) covert repair hypothesis,
C) diagnosogenic theory
D) conflict theory

Question 9

The main reason for including parents in early childhood intervention is:

A) the reactions of the immediate family are the primary cause of stuttering
B) the immediate family typically constitutes an overwhelming portion of the child's world
C) modeling of fluent speech by the immediate family improves the child's fluency by approximately 25%
D) the parents of stuttering children tend to have authoritarian and domineering parenting
Practices

Question 10

The Extended Length of Utterance (ELU) intervention program is based on principles of:

A) improving the child's linguistic skills
B) enhancing the child's comprehension of utterances
C) positive reinforcement of fluent utterances practiced
D) none of the above

Question 11

The Parent Child Interaction program is focused on manipulation of the child's:

A) emotional reactions
B) length of utterances
C) speaking environment
D) self-evaluation of stuttered speech

Question 12

When the adult says to a child: "That was bumpy, wasn't it?" they are most likely engaged in:

A) indirect therapy
B) speech motor training
C) psychotherapeutic play
D) Lidcombe program

Question 13

The following productions would be drilled in a Speech Motor Training approach:

A) "baseball - hotdog - birdcage"
B) "park - parking - parking lot"
C) "vami - vami - vami "
D) "chuh- chuh- chuh- chicken"

Question 14

In the Extended Length of Utterance (ELU) program, the client performs:

A) drill of non-words composed of progressively longer and more complex CV structures
B) fluent utterances progressing from monosyllabic words up to 5-min. conversations
C) slow-stretched speech during free play/conversation activities
D) self-corrections to acknowledge parental feedback

Question 15

The best example of a comprehensive and integrated program of early intervention for stuttering:

A) Parent-Child Interaction program
B) Easy Speaking Voice program
C) Lidcombe program
D) Helsingborg-Hospital model

Question 16

The recent trend toward more direct therapy for stuttering represents a bold and revolutionary approach to early childhood intervention.

Question 17

It is common for young children under 5 years who stutter to be teased by their peers.

Question 18

The Illinois program of early childhood intervention is based primarily on the method slow speaking rate.

Question 19

Most of the stuttering programs for young children include a progression of practice from shorter (e.g., monosyllabic words) to longer (e.g., conversation) speech segments.

Question 20

The Lidcombe program of early stuttering intervention seeks to train parents in the methods of reinforcement or non-reinforcement of certain portions of the child speech.

Question 21

Drama therapy is aimed at preparing the child who stutters for stage performances.

Question 22

The current trend in early stuttering treatment is a focus on parent counseling that avoids bringing the child into the clinical setting for therapy.

Question 23

In the treatment program offered by Gregory and Hill, preventive parent counseling and prescriptive parent counseling involve virtually the same approach.

Question 24

State and discuss the issues involved in which preschool children who stutter should receive therapy, when, and what type of therapy.

Question 25

What is indirect therapy as contrasted with direct therapy? Why has the indirect approach been employed for the treatment of early childhood stuttering? What kinds of programs have been, or can be, used?

Question 26

Briefly present and discuss the Extended Length of Utterance program (ELU). What are the advantages? Are there and weaknesses? If yes, explain.

Question 27

Briefly describe the Lidcombe treatment program for preschool children who stutter. What are the advantages? Are there weakness? If yes, list and explain.

Question 28

Several current programs focus on altering parent-child interaction, such as the Parent- Child Interaction program (Kelman & Nicholas) and the Parent-Child Groups program (Conture). Describe the basic features and procedure involved in this type of program. What are the advantages? Are there disadvantages? If yes, explain.

Question 29

Should SLPs intervene with every preschool child who is stuttering, or should they only intervene if there is a high risk for persistence? Be sure to explain the rationale behind your position.