Deck 15: Other Fluency Disorders; Cultural and Bilingual Issues

Question 1

The least common location for stuttering moments in speech contexts:

A) clause-initial position
B) word-initial position
C) word-medial position
D) word-final position

Answer 1

word-final position

Question 2

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) produce a preponderance of:

A) sound prolongations
B) monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
C) maze revisions
D) syllable repetitions

Answer 2

maze revisions

Question 3

Rapid, sporadic, unorganized, and sometimes unintelligible speech is associated most often with:

A) stuttering
B) cluttering
C) psychogenic stuttering
D) neurogenic stuttering

Answer 3

cluttering

Question 4

Neurogenic stuttering is diagnosed based on:

A) frequency and types of stuttering
B) evidence of a neurological disorder or disease
C) familial history of neurological disorders
D) locations of core and accessory disfluencies

Question 5

Psychogenic stuttering mainly differs from developmental stuttering by this feature:

A) multiple units of syllable repetition
B) bursts of rapid speech
C) adult age of onset after excessive emotional stress
D) types of secondary behaviors

Question 6

Language learning disabilities are typically characterized by:

A) disfluency frequency comparable to that of mild stuttering
B) faster articulatory rates
C) more frequent word-finding problems and circumlocutions
D) slurred articulation and speech sound transpositions

Question 7

Cluttering and developmental stuttering in school-age children are best differentiated by:

A) age of onset
B) disfluency on automatic speech tasks
C) locations of core and accessory disfluencies
D) self-monitoring awareness of speech disfluency

Question 8

Which disorder begins during early childhood?

A) neurogenic stuttering
B) developmental stuttering
C) psychogenic stuttering
D) malingered stuttering

Question 9

Which fluency disorder is usually characterized by the most "islands of fluency"?

A) neurogenic stuttering
B) psychogenic stuttering
C) developmental stuttering
D) cluttering

Question 10

Which disorder is least responsive to fluency-inducing conditions such as singing, whispering, etc.?

A) neurogenic stuttering
B) psychogenic stuttering
C) developmental stuttering
D) cluttering

Question 11

Which of the following speech behaviors is commonly associated with neurogenic stuttering?

A) secondary physical characteristics
B) the adaptation effect
C) anxiety about speech
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 12

Which of the following factors most clearly differentiates between stuttering and cluttering?

A) sentence constructions
B) fear of specific words
C) accessory (Other) disfluencies
D) speaking rate
E) all of the above
F) none of the above (a through d)

Question 13

Which of the following is not typical of cluttering?

A) interjections
B) speech hesitation
C) sound prolongations
D) syllable repetitions

Question 14

Pausing to inhale in the middle of words is most characteristic of:

A) fluency disorders (unspecified)
B) developmental stuttering
C) psychogenic stuttering
D) cluttering

Question 15

The most common reason for malingered stuttering is:

A) financial, legal or vocational gains
B) desired emotional attention
C) second language learning
D) covert fluency disorders

Question 16

When stuttering begins in adulthood, it appears to be the results of a sudden language development growth.

Question 17

Indifference (apathy) about stuttering is a typical emotion of someone with neurogenic stuttering.

Question 18

If you tell a person who clutters to pay more attention to his speech, he will probably become even more disfluent.

Question 19

Psychogenic stuttering is usually a form of conversion reaction.

Question 20

Unlike stuttering, most cases of the disorder called "cluttering" begin in adulthood.

Question 21

Typically (or "Many cases of") neurogenic stuttering begins in early childhood as one aspect of general neurological problems.

Question 22

Because patients exhibiting neurogenic stuttering are very tense, a good starting point for therapy is deep relaxation activities.

Question 23

Developmental stuttering is not classified as an acquired fluency disorder.

Question 24

Language disorders may occur concomitantly with stuttering. What are the treatment implications? What treatment options are should be considered? What are the advantages and weaknesses?

Question 25

What are the main characteristics of cluttering? Is cluttering a disorder of fluency? Of Language? Articulation? Something else? Explain/discuss.

Question 26

What are the characteristics that distinguished neurogenic from developmental stuttering? What treatment approaches seem to be useful for this condition?

Question 27

What are the characteristics that distinguish psychogenic stuttering? What are the intervention options?

Question 28

Are bilingualism and cultural/ethnic factors in stuttering? If yes, in what ways? Are there clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment?