Deck 8: Hearing and Language Processing

Question 1

Perceptually, sounds of different frequencies have different __________.

A) pitches
B) amplitudes
C) decibels
D) speeds
E) complexities

Answer 1

pitches

Question 2

Which of the following describes the term decibels?

A) The sound pressure of a source according to its amplitude.
B) The frequencies of sound waves to which animals can perceive.
C) Corresponding to the amplitude of the wound wave.
D) The sound pressure of a source when compared to a standard intensity of watts.

Answer 2

The sound pressure of a source when compared to a standard intensity of watts.

Question 3

What is the name of the analysis used to compress complex sounds on computers?

A) MP analysis
B) Courier analysis
C) MPEG-1 analysis
D) Complex wave analysis
E) Fourier analysis

Answer 3

Fourier analysis

Question 4

What is the name of the outermost, visible portion of the ear?

A) external ear canal
B) pinna
C) outer ear canal
D) incus
E) outer incus

Question 5

Which of the following is a more technical term for the eardrum?

A) tectorial membrane
B) basilar membrane
C) tympanic membrane
D) malleus membrane
E) incus membrane

Question 6

Vibrations pass along in the ear through three small bones (the ossicles). Which of the following are the correct terms for these bones?

A) malleus, basilar, anvil
B) tectorial, basilar, tympanic
C) hammer, anvil, stirrup
D) stapes, incus, malleus
E) stapes, stirrup, tympanic

Question 7

The receptor cells of the auditory system are known as the__________cells.

A) hair
B) ear
C) oval
D) malleus
E) meatus

Question 8

Experience can significantly influence the efficiency of __________.

A) the apex
B) the cochlea
C) perceiving timbre
D) differentiating overtones
E) outer hair cells

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of acquired alexia?

A) An inability to differentiate between pitches in sound.
B) A reading disorder that is a result of brain damage.
C) A memory disorder that is a result of brain damage.
D) A reading disorder that is a result of congenital deficiencies.
E) A memory disorder that is a result of congenital deficiencies.

Question 10

The loss in the ability to write is known as __________.

A) dyslexia
B) agrammatism
C) alexia
D) agraphia
E) alveolar deficiency

Question 11

The size of a wave form is it's __________that is measured in__________.

A) decibel; amplitude
B) pitch; hertz
C) amplitude; decibels
D) pitch; decibels
E) timbre; hertz

Question 12

Phonemes that are produced by constricting airflow against the ridge located behind your front teeth are known as__________.

A) alveolar stops
B) phenomical annunciation
C) phonemic stops
D) alveolar annunciation
E) prosody

Question 13

Which of the following correctly defines apex?

A) The membrane covering the oval window transmits vibration into the cochlea through this fluid.
B) Bends in response to vibrations of the cochlear fluid and serves to elicit neural activity in the hair cells.
C) A nerve where a branch is formed by axons from the cochlear nerve.
D) A band of subcortical white matter located between Broca's area and Wernicke's area.
E) Near this point, the basilar membrane is more flexible, and the receptors located here are exposed to vibrations of lower frequencies.

Question 14

What are the behavioural symptoms of one who has Broca's aphasia?

A) Reading regular word and irregular words is relatively unimpaired, but reading non-words is profoundly impaired.
B) An inability to read or comprehend literature but an intact speech comprehension and production mechanism.
C) An inability to produce fluent speech despite relatively intact speech comprehension and production mechanisms.
D) An ability to produce fluent speech despite an inability to comprehend speech.
E) Damaged speech comprehension and production mechanisms, but maintains the ability to read and comprehend literature.

Question 15

Where is Broca's area located in the brain?

A) The third gyrus of the left parietal lobe.
B) The third gyrus of the left frontal lobe.
C) The fourth gyrus of the right frontal lobe.
D) The third sulci of the left frontal lobe.
E) The fourth sulci of the right frontal lobe.

Question 16

Which of the following defines fundamental frequency?

A) The intended frequency of an instrument.
B) The frequency range that can be perceived by humans.
C) The theory of wave cycles completed per unit of time.
D) The theory behind the frequency range that cam be perceived by humans.

Question 17

What is the term for someone who has a compulsion to repeat whatever someone else has just said?

A) dysphasia
B) toddler
C) neophobia
D) Repetitive Dysfunction Disorder (RDD)
E) echolalia

Question 18

An aphasia that is often a result of middle cerebral artery infarct, which results in widespread damage to the temporal and frontal lobes, is known as__________.

A) anomic aphasia
B) frontal aphasia
C) global aphasia
D) dysphasia
E) deep aphasia

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a homophone?

A) k
B) steak
C) n
D) buzz
E) Ben Mulroney

Question 20

The medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus receives projections from…

A) the superior olives
B) the olivary nuclei
C) the inferior colliculus
D) the cochlear nuclei
E) the eighth cranial nerve

Question 21

Which of the following cannot be attributed to the deficits seen in specific language impairment (SLI)?

A) sensory problems
B) motor problems
C) general intellectual impairment
D) all of the above
E) b and c only

Question 22

The difference in sound between the bagpipes and the flute is described as their difference in __________.

A) decibels
B) frequency
C) timbre
D) sound waves
E) pitch

Question 23

Where are the memories for sound images contained in the brain?

A) temporal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) primary visual cortex
E) None of the above

Question 24

How does a person produce velar stops when pronouncing phonemes?

A) By sliding your tongue off the roof of your mouth to make a "clucking" noise.
B) By rolling your tongue and breathing outwards.
C) By placing your tongue on the area behind your front teeth.
D) By pressing your lips together and breathing quickly outwards.
E) By placing your tongue towards the back of your mouth.

Question 25

Which of the following describes the term word salad?

A) The seemingly random collection of words that form speech form an individual with mixed transcortical aphasia
B) The mispronunciation of words from an individual with Wernicke's aphasia.
C) The seemingly random collection of words that form speech from an individual with Wernicke's aphasia.
D) A pasta salad made with Alphaghetti.
E) The mispronunciation of words from an individual with mixed transcortical aphasia

Question 26

The chamber (and its contents) between the tympanic membrane and the oval window is known as the __________.

A) middle ear
B) medial geniculate nucleus
C) malleus
D) cochlea
E) arcuate fasciculus

Question 27

What is the function of the arcuate fasciculus?

A) It connects Wernicke's area with Broca's area, allowing for the accurate comprehension of written words.
B) It connects Wernicke's area with Broca's area, allowing for the production of meaningful verbal output.
C) It connects the left hemisphere of the brain to the right hemisphere of the brain, allowing for the production of meaningful verbal output.
D) It connects the left hemisphere of the brain to the right hemisphere of the brain, allowing for the accurate comprehension of written words.
E) To receive projections from the primary and secondary visual areas.

Question 28

Where is Wernicke's area located in the brain?

A) In the posterior right parietal lobe.
B) In the posterior left parietal lobe.
C) In the inferior left parietal lobe.
D) In the right temporal lobe, just posterior to the primary auditory cortex.
E) In the left temporal lobe, just posterior to the primary auditory cortex.

Question 29

Functional neuroimaging studies find __________activation during the generation or imagined generation of American Sign Language.

A) left parietal lobe
B) posterior auditory cortex
C) inferior frontal lobe
D) left frontal lobe
E) right parietal lobe

Question 30

What is the cause of Williams syndrome?

A) Lesioning of the prefrontal cortex.
B) Having only one sex chromosome.
C) A deletion of part of chromosome 7.
D) A loss of oxygen to the brain during birth.
E) Trisomy of the 21^st chromosome.

Question 31

A branch of which of the following nerves is formed by axons from the cochlear nerve?

A) Eighth cranial nerve
B) vagus nerve
C) oculomotor nerve
D) Ninth cranial nerve
E) hypoglossal nerve

Question 32

The inability to produce grammatically correct sentences is known as__________.

A) articulatory alexia
B) agrammatism
C) agrammatoxia
D) grammatical agraphia
E) word salad

Question 33

Which of the following statements is false about the angular gyrus?

A) The angular gyrus is located at the junction between the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes.
B) The angular gyrus receives projections from primary visual areas.
C) The angular gyrus receives projections from secondary visual areas
D) The angular gyrus subserves knowledge of visual language.
E) Damage to the angular gyrus results in forms of aprosodia.

Question 34

Which of the following correctly defines circumlocutions?

A) The ipsilateral side cochlear nerve synapse.
B) The sphere shaped membrane that surrounds cochlear fluid.
C) Circumstances in which an auditory path in the cortex is briefly disrupted.
D) Talking in circles around what one had intended to say.
E) Perfusions to the auditory cortex.

Question 35

Axons of the cochlear nerves synapse on the ipsilateral side of __________.

A) the cochlear fluid
B) the basilar membrane
C) cochlear nuclei
D) hair cells
E) the echolalia

Question 36

What are the two routes usually named in the dual-route model?

A) the phonological route and the whole-word route.
B) the half-word route and the whole-word route
C) the phonological route and the articulatory route
D) the articulatory route and the whole-word route
E) the half-word route and the phonological route

Question 37

What is the part of the ear that amplifies the vibrations and channels?

A) incus
B) inner ear
C) auditory meatus
D) external ear canal
E) cochlea

Question 38

The medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus receives projections from the__________.

A) middle ear
B) inferior colliculus
C) inner ear
D) cochlear fluid
E) olivary nuclei

Question 39

The organ of corti is the collective name for__________.

A) the hair cells, the cilia, the cochlea and cochlear fluid
B) the hair cells, the cilia and the cells that support them
C) the hair cells and ossicles.
D) the ossicles, the cilia and the cells that support them.
E) the cochlea, cochlear fluid and the cells that support them

Question 40

What is the term for the inability to understand spoken language, despite intact speech, reading and writing?

A) leitungsaphasia
B) conduction dysphasia
C) pure word deafness
D) pure word dysphasia
E) None of the above

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Semantic paralexias is the substitution of words with semantically similar ones during reading.
B) Semantic paralexias is where the individuals substitute words of similar meaning, such as substituting leopard for tiger.
C) Semantic paraphasia is the substitution of words with semantically similar ones during reading.
D) Semantic paraphasia is the impairment in the comprehension of prosody resulting from posterior lesions of the right hemisphere.
E) Semantic paralexias is the impairment in the comprehension of prosody resulting from posterior lesions of the right hemisphere.

Question 42

According to the WLG model, __________is produced by accessing the mappings of sounds to meanings in Wernicke's area and projecting this information via the arculate fasciculus to Broca's area.

A) language comprehension
B) phoneme production
C) prosody comprehension
D) spontaneous speech
E) sound surface

Question 43

When an individual makes the substitution of two similar looking words, such as leaf and lead, he or she probably has __________.

A) surface agraphia
B) semantic paraphasia
C) visual paralexias
D) semantic paralexias
E) visual paraphasia

Question 44

Transcortical-motor aphasia differs from Broca's aphasia in what way?

A) Unlike the case in Broca's aphasia, repetition is not intact but echolalia is often present in transcortical-motor aphasia.
B) Unlike the case in Broca's aphasia, repetition is intact and echolalia is often present in transcortical-motor aphasia.
C) Unlike the case in Broca's aphasia, spontaneous speech is halting and laborious is in transcortical-motor aphasia.
D) Unlike the case in Broca's aphasia, comprehension of language remains intact in transcortical-motor aphasia.
E) Unlike the case in Broca's aphasia, repetition is intact and alexia is often present in transcortical-motor aphasia.

Question 45

What is the name of the structure that bends in response to vibrations of the cochlear fluid and serves to elicit neural activity in hair cells?

A) surface membrane
B) tectorial corti
C) pinna
D) cilia
E) tectorial membrane