Deck 14: Human Brain Damage

Question 1

_________ tumors are not likely to recur; _________tumors are more likely to recur.

A) benign; malignant
B) malignant; benign
C) infiltrated; encapsulated
D) encapsulated; infiltrated
E) superficial; cancerous

Answer 1

benign; malignant

Question 2

Which of the following is a type of glioma tumor?

A) astrocytomas
B) medulloblastoma
C) mioblasta
D) metastatic
E) all of the above
F) a, b, and c
G) a and b

Answer 2

a and b

Question 3

Metastatic tumors that form in the _________can lead to apraxia.

A) left temporal lobe
B) frontal lobe
C) pituitary gland
D) left parietal lobe
E) primary visual cortex

Answer 3

left parietal lobe

Question 4

Which of the following can be used as another word for cerebrovascular disorder?

A) heart attack
B) hypertension
C) myocardial infarct
D) arteriosclerosis
E) stroke

Question 5

Which of the following statements defines embolism?

A) A blood clot that remains at the point at which it was formed.
B) A clot, bubble or piece of fat that moves along the length of a vein or artery, blocking the flow of blood.
C) The process of splitting in two.
D) A condition that occurs when fatty deposits build up inside the walls of blood vessels, which can constrict or completely block the blood vessel.

Question 6

Which of the following defines congenital defects?

A) Physical defects in the cerebral vasculature that are present at birth.
B) An abnormality in the genitals that leads to cerebral vascular deficits.
C) A local weakness in an artery due to a trauma.
D) A slower than normal heart rate.

Question 7

Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of closed head injury, accounting for as many as_________of the medically diagnosed head injuries each year.

A) 80%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 90%
E) 93%

Question 8

It is estimated that approximately 15% of patients with mild traumatic brain injury are still disabled for _________after the injury.

A) 2 months
B) 6 months
C) one years
D) two years

Question 9

What is a fossae?

A) A bony protrusions from the skull.
B) The build up of blood and other fluids against the skull.
C) An artery that is blocked with a build up of fatty deposits.
D) A blood clot that prevents blood flow from reaching the brain.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding bacterial meningitis?

A) This infection is potentially lethal.
B) Symptoms include high fever and stiff neck.
C) Treatment includes antibiotic medications.
D) All of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding epilepsy are true?

A) It is possible to have a have seizure without a convulsion.
B) It is possible to have a convulsion without a seizure.
C) Seizures and convulsions always occur simultaneously.
D) It is impossible to know if one is having a seizure unless there is also a convulsion.

Question 12

Nicole is suffering from a mental disorder. Her symptoms include social withdrawal, limited speech, flattened affect, and a loss of motivation. Given this information, which of the following best describes Nicole's condition?

A) Nicole probably has frontal lobe damage from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
B) Nicole's multiple sclerosis has progressed to a severe stage.
C) Nicole is showing negative symptoms of schizophrenia
D) Nicole is showing positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 13

Studies on people with schizophrenia have indicated that…

A) demyelinization in the frontal cortex causes the loss of concentration seen in schizophrenia patients.
B) there may be an overproduction of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia.
C) schizophrenia may be caused by a heritable vulnerability to some environmental trigger.
D) symptoms associated with schizophrenia may be due to an excessive release of glutamate.

Question 14

Which of the following is a form of epilepsy that occurs only in women and the trigger is the changing hormone levels that occur across the menstrual cycle?

A) Hormonal epilepsy
B) Acanbecial epilepsy
C) Estrocycle epilepsy
D) Embolic epilepsy
E) Catamenial epilepsy

Question 15

The point of impact to the head when a brain injury occurred is known as the…

A) focus
B) indicate
C) impact site
D) coup
E) infarct

Question 16

Which of the following accurately describes partial-complex seizures?

A) seizures that are associated with involuntary complicated motor acts and impairments of consciousness during convulsions.
B) seizures in which the abnormal EEG activity is limited to one area of the brain and are not always accompanied by convulsions.
C) seizures which involve the whole brain but only minor convulsions.
D) seizures which are associated with impaired consciousness but no changes are seen in movements.
E) seizures which involve the entire body convulsing.

Question 17

The abnormal tightness or stiffness of a muscle is known as…

A) muscle tension
B) spasticity
C) thrombosis
D) cramping
E) tensionitis

Question 18

Which of the following is not a cause of hemorrhaging?

A) a malformed artery
B) the presence of thrombosis
C) the presence of an embolism
D) hypertension
E) All of the above are possible causes

Question 19

If a substance is neurotropic, then…

A) it has an extremely low affinity for the cells of the nervous system.
B) it can be used to prevent neurotoxicity.
C) it has a particularly high affinity for the cells of the nervous system.
D) it can be used to treat neurotoxicity.
E) it is a type of bacteria that readily crosses the blood brain barrier.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

A) Multiple areas that are demylelinated in the nervous system.
B) A production of excess excitatory neural activity.
C) Disrupted supply of blood flow to the brain.
D) Malformed arteries and vessels in the nervous system.
E) Excess dopaminergic receptors in the brain.

Question 21

Which of the following is the correct term for a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons?

A) atherosclerosis
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) lateral amyotrophic degenerative disorder
D) lateral degenerative disorder
E) motor neuron malformation

Question 22

Which of the following defines atherosclerosis?

A) A traumatic fistula that usually occurs between an artery and a vein.
B) A chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints.
C) A condition that occurs when fatty deposits build up inside the walls of blood vessels, which can constrict or completely block the blood vessel.
D) Malformed arteries and vessels that have extra or missing connections, resulting in abnormal blood flow, which tend to form along the middle cerebral artery.
E) A progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons.

Question 23

An injury to the brain that is opposite to the point of impact to the head is known as the___________.

A) converse-coup
B) opposition
C) confliction
D) reverse impact
E) contre-coup

Question 24

What is the name of the neurotoxin that is found in marine algae and can be consumed by eating mussels that have eaten algae?

A) butyric acid
B) valeric acid
C) algaeic acid
D) domoic acid
E) embolic acid

Question 25

What is the term for a quick-growing malignant tumor?

A) glioblastoma
B) glioma
C) intracerebral glioma
D) medullablastoma
E) meningiomas

Question 26

Which of the following regions does a metastatic tumor not typically originate in?

A) lungs
B) intestines
C) breasts
D) uterus
E) kidneys

Question 27

What is the name of the condition where an individual has abnormally high blood pressure?

A) pulmonary disorder
B) portal vein disorder
C) pulmonary circulation
D) hypotension
E) hypertension

Question 28

Medulloblastoma tends to occur in which areas of the central nervous system?

A) cerebellum and brainstem
B) cerebellum and thalamus
C) telencephalon and thalamus
D) telencephalon and brainstem
E) basal ganglia and thalamus

Question 29

Which of the following is the correct definition of meningiomas?

A) A category of secondary tumors that form from migrated tumor tissue that typically originated in the meninges.
B) A haemorrhaging site that is localized in the meninges.
C) An encapsulated tumor that grows out of the meninges.
D) A localized seizure that occurs in which the abnormal EEG activity is limited to the meninges.
E) A rare, but malignant infiltrating tumor that tends to occur next to the meninges early in life.

Question 30

The tonic phase of a generalized seizure involves which of the following?

A) loss of bladder control and falling with body rigidity
B) loss of bladder control and jerking of limbs
C) clamping of teeth and jerking of limbs
D) loss of consciousness and falling with body rigidity
E) the individual experiencing strange lights, unpleasant smells or odd sensations

Question 31

A rare case in which metastasis involves only one tumor at a site is known as_________.

A) simple metastatic tumor
B) simple occupancy
C) simple tonic metastasis
D) positive metastatic tumor
E) minimal occupancy

Question 32

Which of the following defines thrombosis?

A) Abnormally formed dendritic cells that lead to the condition thrombositis.
B) A blood clot that remains at the point at which it was formed.
C) Areas of veins or arteries that dilate because of local weaknesses.
D) An abnormal growth of tissue or cells in the central nervous system.
E) A dramatic drop of white blood cells in the lymphatic system.

Question 33

The process of splitting in two is known as _________.

A) crevicing
B) fissure rift
C) bifurcation
D) gestation
E) dividation

Question 34

The component of a generalized seizure that involves jerking of the body's extremities due to the contraction and relaxation of muscles is known as the_________phase.

A) stoic
B) rigid
C) phalic
D) tonic
E) clonic

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of an open head injury?

A) an intracerebral hemorrhage
B) getting hit on the head by an apple
C) a cut across the scalp from a car accident
D) a bullet lodged in the frontal lobes
E) massive swelling from a hockey puck to the forehead

Question 36

If a tumor has clear borders it is said to be _________.

A) encapsulated
B) isolated
C) benign
D) inaccessible
E) remote

Question 37

Which of the following is not a symptom of subarachnoid hemorrhaging?

A) severe headache
B) nose bleeds
C) nausea
D) disturbances in balance
E) disturbances in consciousness

Question 38

A tumor that moves into neural tissue with no clear boundaries is said to_________.

A) infiltrate
B) progress
C) develop
D) penetrate
E) expand

Question 39

What is the term for a viral infection of the central nervous system?

A) viral meningioma
B) viral infiltration
C) status meningitis
D) viral metastases
E) viral meningitis

Question 40

Which of the following is not a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

A) flattened affect
B) social withdrawal
C) reduced speech
D) rapid motor movements
E) reduced motivation

Question 41

Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A) seeing things that are not present
B) rapid switching of topics during speech
C) social withdrawal
D) word salad
E) repetitive motor movements

Question 42

Which of the following is not a theorized cause of schizophrenia?

A) abnormal limbic system formation
B) genetic factors
C) abnormal dopamine neurotransmission
D) maternal stress
E) seasonal effects

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true regarding cognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia?

A) Some researchers have observed that people with schizophrenia have difficulty integrating sensory information.
B) Nearly 25% of people with schizophrenia appear to be within normal cognitive functioning.
C) People with schizophrenia may experience altered cognitive functioning not as a consequence of their disease but because of their medication.
D) It is possible that the degree of cognitive impairment is related to the severity of the schizophrenic episode.
E) All of the above.

Question 44

What does the presence of enlarged lateral ventricles and cortical atrophy imply is happening in the brain?

A) cerebral ischemia
B) tumor infiltration
C) neural degeneration
D) grand mal seizures
E) severe hemorrhaging

Question 45

Which of the following is not true regarding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

A) ALS is progressive and terminal
B) Muscles that are responsible for breathing are effected in individuals with ALS
C) Some cases of ALS appear to be familial
D) The cure for ALS is only effective in 2% of cases.
E) ALS tends to affect men more than women