Deck 14: Reducing Criminal Opportunities Through Environmental Manipulation

Question 1

Which of the following is not part of the routine activities theory?

A) economic standards
B) absence of guardians
C) suitable targets
D) motivated offenders

Answer 1

economic standards

Question 2

A study out of _________showed that a graffiti cleanup, coupled with additional law enforcement, led to a 42 percent reduction in reported crimes against persons.

A) Australia
B) Chicago
C) Hollywood
D) Boston

Answer 2

Australia

Question 3

A method of controlling crime in open spaces is to close streets and _________.

A) open doors
B) guard bike lanes
C) restrict traffic
D) block retention basins

Answer 3

restrict traffic

Question 4

A study of the Los Angeles Police Department's Operation Cul- De- Sac revealed a _________percent decline in crime in the treatment area.

A) 75
B) 25
C) 50
D) 65

Question 5

A study of_________in Dayton, Ohio, showed declines of 26 and 50 percent for overall crime and violent crime.

A) traffic signals
B) street closures
C) opportunity focus
D) juvenile delinquency

Question 6

One researcher found that the_________program led to a reduction in hijackings.

A) air marshal
B) scared straight
C) lights out
D) operation ID

Question 7

Territorial cognition is concerned with such issues as the attachment people have to the areas immediately surrounding them.

Question 8

Defensible space theory is a model that inhibits crime by creating a physical expression of a social fabric that defends itself.

Question 9

Johnson and Krelling are the creators of the famous broken windows theory.

Question 10

Kushmuk and Whittemore identified four methods to reduce criminal opportunities, which include activity support.

Question 11

Access control seeks to deny access to legitimate users.

Question 12

A public place with much foot traffic is always attractive to criminals because there are more people and therefore more eyes.

Question 13

Surveillance includes any method of ensuring that offenders will be_________.

Question 14

Closely tied to __________functioning is the notion of defensible space.

Question 15

What is your awareness space? If you were going to plan a nighttime burglary right now from what you already know, where might you commit the crime? Why did you choose that particular location?

Question 16

You become the new manager of an apartment complex. The owner hires you because you are an expert in broken windows theory. In the tour of the facility the owner shows you an opening in the fence. She explains that through the last two years, the block has been continually broken and removed resulting in an opening of about six feet across. She tells you that it started with the top course becoming loose from the juveniles hopping the fence to cut across the field to the store. She shows you an electric box right where the opening is that juveniles would use to hop over the 6- foot fence. She says that everyone was using the opening as a shortcut to the store, but now there is a nightly group of juveniles gathered around in the field next to where the opening is
-drinking, smoking, and who knows what else. She tells you that tenants are complaining and are afraid to park their cars anywhere close to the fence opening. She tells you to decide whether or not to have the fence rebuilt and eliminate the opening or to build a gate into the opening. What might be some pros and cons to the two options?