Deck 10: The Opioids

Question 1

Which statement about opium is false?

A) It has a long history of recreational use but has only recently been used medicinally.
B) It was once a popular remedy for women, in the form of laudanum.
C) It replaced alcohol as the most popular recreational drug in some cultures.
D) It was given to infants and children.

Answer 1

It has a long history of recreational use but has only recently been used medicinally.

Question 2

All of the following are naturally occurring opiates except

A) thebaine.
B) codeine.
C) morphine.
D) heroin.

Answer 2

heroin.

Question 3

Which statement about pure opiate antagonists is false?

A) They include drugs like naloxone and nalorphine.
B) They are important in understanding the action of opiate analgesics.
C) They can reverse the effects of an opiate overdose in approximately two hours.
D) They have structures similar to opiates but produce no activity at the receptor.

Answer 3

They can reverse the effects of an opiate overdose in approximately two hours.

Question 4

All of the following are synthetic opiate drugs except

A) fentanyl.
B) propoxyphene.
C) LAAM.
D) codeine.

Question 5

At low doses, opiates exert all of the following effects except

A) pain relief.
B) pupil dilation.
C) drowsiness.
D) depressed respiration.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a larger propeptide that is broken down into smaller active opioids?

A) Prodynorphin
B) Proenkephalin
C) Proendomorphin
D) Pro-opiomelanocortin

Question 7

The effects of analgesics on pain are difficult to study because

A) it is impossible to obtain subjective reports of pain.
B) the results depend on the specific technique being used to produce pain.
C) ethical guidelines prohibit the application of painful stimuli to animals.
D) humans refuse to participate in the research.

Question 8

Both "early" and "late" pain activate the

A) primary somatosensory cortex.
B) anterior cingulate cortex.
C) amygdala.
D) secondary somatosensory cortex.

Question 9

Which brain area has not been implicated in the opiate withdrawal syndrome?

A) PAG
B) Amygdala
C) Frontal cortex
D) Locus coeruleus

Question 10

Treatment programs for opiate addicts

A) have shown that unassisted detoxification, or going "cold turkey," is a very effective method.
B) sometimes employ the opiate antagonist buprenorphine.
C) typically use methadone maintenance strategies.
D) have recently incorporated the use of clonidine for blocking the opiate receptors in highly motivated addicts.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a reason why methadone is an effective treatment for opiate drug abuse?

A) It is a long-lasting drug, producing stable blood levels throughout the day.
B) It is cross-tolerant with abused opiates, so it can reduce the effects of morphine and heroin with repeated use.
C) It produces no euphoria or craving when administered orally in clinics.
D) It has no reinforcing effect, even if administered intravenously.