Deck 9: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Question 1

You are sitting in your time machine, trying to decide what date and location to set. You want to go back to the earliest time and place that assessment was widely used. You should set the dial to send you back about ________ years to the country of ________.

A) 100; the United States
B) 110; France
C) 200; England
D) 4,000; China

Answer 1

4,000; China

Question 2

A child is playing a game called "Who Am I?" His clues read, "I am a half-cousin to Charles Darwin, in 1869 I wrote the highly influential book Hereditary Genius, and I attempted to apply evolutionary theory to the study of human abilities." The answer is clearly

A) Alfred Binet.
B) David Wechsler.
C) Sir Francis Galton.
D) Lewis Terman.

Answer 2

Sir Francis Galton.

Question 3

Sir Francis Galton would have agreed with all of the following statements EXCEPT that

A) intelligence is not quantifiable.
B) intellectual differences among people will form a normal distribution.
C) mental ability can be measured by objective tests.
D) statistical procedures could be applied to measure the degree of relationship between two traits.

Answer 3

intelligence is not quantifiable.

Question 4

When you ask your teacher how the class did on the test, all you are told is that the results can be described by a bell-shaped curve, or normal distribution. From this, you should be able to deduce that most student scores

A) were very high.
B) were very low.
C) clustered in the middle and fewer were at the extremes.
D) clustered at the extremes and fewer were in the middle.

Question 5

On the topic of genius, Sir Francis Galton took the stand that

A) there is no such thing as genius.
B) genius is determined by early childhood experiences.
C) only males could be geniuses.
D) genius is inherited.

Question 6

Formal assessment procedures should meet three requirements. The requirements include all of the following EXCEPT

A) reliability
B) validity
C) eugenics
D) standardization

Question 7

Beth repeatedly got on and off her bathroom scale one morning until she got the weight she wanted. In the language of assessment, her bathroom scale is best described as

A) invalid.
B) nonstandard.
C) invariant.
D) unreliable.

Question 8

In the context of reliability measures, which term does NOT belong with the others?

A) test-retest
B) parallel forms
C) construct
D) consistency

Question 9

Suppose a researcher wants to determine whether a test is reliable in terms of its internal consistency. The best way to do this would be by

A) giving the same people the same test on two different occasions.
B) administering alternate parallel forms of exactly the same test twice.
C) comparing performance on odd- and even-numbered items.
D) training people carefully before allowing them to administer the test.

Question 10

All of the following are types of validity EXCEPT for

A) test-retest.
B) content.
C) construct.
D) criterion.

Question 11

In general, it would be safest to say that a test

A) that is not reliable is also not valid.
B) can be valid without also being reliable.
C) cannot be reliable without also being valid.
D) cannot be both reliable and valid.

Question 12

Being a very creative person, you have decided to develop a test of creativity. When developing the norms for the test, you should make sure that the members of the comparison group

A) are similar to the individuals who will be tested.
B) are as different as possible from the individuals to be tested.
C) are not tested under the same circumstances.
D) have been shown to be highly creative.

Question 13

If you had assisted Alfred Binet in the development of his intelligence test, you would have taken care to develop test questions that

A) allowed for comparison of children's responses.
B) could not be scored correct or incorrect.
C) involved the same content throughout the test.
D) assessed judgment, reasoning, and rote memory.

Question 14

The Stanford-Binet scales and the Wechsler scales have in common the fact that

A) they were both developed in Europe, but popularized in the United States.
B) they both measure potential, not intelligence.
C) both were written and developed at the same time.
D) both are individually administered tests of intelligence.

Question 15

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was the end product of standardization efforts and the revision of Binet's test questions carried out by

A) Evelyn Stanford.
B) Lewis Terman.
C) Earl Hunt.
D) Harold Stevenson.

Question 16

You are asked to derive the IQ score for one of your friends. If you were using Terman's notion of an IQ, you would

A) add mental age to chronological age and divide the result by 100.
B) add 110 to mental age and then divide the result by chronological age.
C) divide mental age by chronological age and multiply the result by 100.
D) add chronological age to mental age and multiply the result by 100.

Question 17

A boy who is 6 years old has just tested at a mental age of 5. What would his IQ be, using Terman's formula for deriving this number?

A) 83
B) 100
C) 125
D) It is impossible to determine from the given information.

Question 18

In constructing his intelligence test for adults, David Wechsler focused on

A) creating a culturally-fair test that emphasized verbal items.
B) creating a test that could be administered to groups of individuals.
C) including nonverbal, or performance, subtests.
D) including items that emphasized the assessment of interpersonal skills.

Question 19

A friend has just returned from taking the full WAIS-IV test and is eager to discuss her experience. She might mention all of the following EXCEPT that

A) part of the test involved reproducing patterns.
B) she was asked the meanings of a list of vocabulary words.
C) after the test she was told she would have a verbal and a performance IQ score.
D) she had to repeat a series of digits to the examiner.

Question 20

The WAIS-IV, WISC-IV, and the WPPSI-III

A) are Wechsler intelligence tests for adults of different ages.
B) are subtests of the adult version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales.
C) were revised recently to be given in groups.
D) form a family of intelligence tests that yield Full Scale IQ scores at all age levels.

Question 21

A person taking the WAIS-IV would receive a

A) WISC score, a WPPSI score, and a WAIS-III score.
B) crystallized intelligence score and a fluid intelligence score.
C) Full Scale IQ and four additional scale scores.
D) single IQ score.

Question 22

With respect to the Wechsler Intelligence Scales, all of the following statements are accurate EXCEPT for which one?

A) The WISC-IV is suited for children ages six to sixteen.
B) The WPPSI-IV is for children ages 2.5 to 7.25 years old.
C) The WAIS-IV uses the same question as the fifth edition of the Stanford-Binet.
D) The WAIS-IV is for use with children and adults.

Question 23

Using the latest version of the Stanford-Binet test, if someone were to receive an IQ score of 109 today, it would mean that the person

A) scored lower than 50 percent of those who took the test.
B) had a "normal" IQ.
C) could be classified as having "superior" intelligence.
D) was "developmentally disabled."

Question 24

To meet one of the criteria for classification as intellectually disabled, an individual must

A) be older than 18 years of age.
B) show significant limitations in adaptive behaviors.
C) obtain a valid IQ score of over 75.
D) obtain a valid IQ score of below 100.

Question 25

On IQ tests today, decisions concerning which scores would be labeled "gifted" are most likely made on the basis of

A) performance on selected test questions.
B) how intelligent or ignorant a person is.
C) a specific cutoff point for IQ scores.
D) whether an individual's score is in the top half or bottom half for their age.

Question 26

Your friend has an IQ that is well above average, is highly original and innovative, and will complete whatever assignment is given to him with a strong sense of commitment. Which of the following describes your friend most aptly?

A) He is gifted.
B) He is reliable.
C) He is honest.
D) He is good-natured.

Question 27

Your author proposes several explanations for why people with higher IQs live longer than people with lower IQs. They include all but which of the following?

A) Lower IQ scores may be a result of pre- or postnatal factors that may also hasten one's death.
B) Some people with higher-functioning brains may also have a more fully functional "well-put-together system" that allows them to live longer lives.
C) People with higher IQs may engage in fewer behaviors that jeopardize their health.
D) People with lower IQs tend to come from racial and ethnic minority groups, and those groups are known for having a shorter life expectancy. This creates a relationship between IQ and duration of one's life.

Question 28

Charles Spearman's belief that there is a factor of general intelligence underlying all intelligent performance was based on his finding that

A) the performance of individuals on a variety of intelligence tests was highly correlated.
B) each individual domain has associated with it specific skills.
C) a person's performance on tests depended both on general intelligence and domain-specific abilities.
D) fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence were relatively independent.

Question 29

Raymond Cattell distinguished between ________ intelligence, which involves the knowledge a person has already acquired, and ________ intelligence, which is the ability to see complex relationships and to solve problems.

A) verbal; nonverbal
B) nonverbal; verbal
C) fluid; crystallized
D) crystallized; fluid

Question 30

A woman is great at dealing with situations that she has encountered before, but she has difficulty when thrown into a new situation that requires her to see complex relationships. According to Cattell, the woman would probably receive a low score on a test of ________ intelligence.

A) fluid
B) crystallized
C) componential
D) contextual

Question 31

Applying Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, when people are solving anagram problems they are most likely using________ components to manipulate the letters in their heads and ________ components to devise strategies for finding solutions.

A) performance; metacognitive
B) knowledge acquisition; performance
C) metacognitive; performance
D) knowledge acquisition; metacognitive

Question 32

A group of friends has been to a concert, but finds that their car will not start when it is time to leave. One member of the group quickly helps the group find another way to get home. Based on Robert Sternberg's theory of intelligence, she would be credited with having high ________ intelligence.

A) analytical
B) creative
C) practical
D) conversational

Question 33

Your textbook notes a research study that was conducted using participants who worked in the printing and graphics industry. It found that greater company growth over a four-year period was positive correlated with higher levels of __________ intelligence.

A) analytical
B) creative
C) practical
D) conversational

Question 34

A boy does not do particularly well in his schoolwork, but those who know him say that he has "street smarts." He adapts well to new situations, gets along day to day with few problems, and seems to have a knack for getting his needs met. According to Sternberg's theory, he has ________ intelligence.

A) creative
B) analytical
C) logical
D) practical

Question 35

Howard Gardner's view of intelligence includes ________ different types, and does not specifically mention ________ intelligence as one of the types.

A) two; logical-mathematical
B) three; musical
C) eight; conceptual
D) eighty-five; naturalistic

Question 36

Using Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence as a guide, one would expect that an expert salesperson would be high in ________ intelligence, and an expert dancer would be high in ________ intelligence.

A) interpersonal; bodily-kinesthetic
B) intrapersonal; musical
C) interpersonal; musical
D) intrapersonal; bodily-kinesthetic

Question 37

Researchers studying emotional intelligence have defined it in terms of four major component abilities. All of the following abilities are on this list EXCEPT for which one?

A) making emotional growth the primary goal of one's life, because emotions can make thinking more intelligent
B) using emotions to facilitate thinking
C) regulating one's emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth
D) perceiving, appraising, and expressing emotions accurately and properly

Question 38

In a study described in the textbook, researchers assessed the emotional intelligence of handball players by attempting to elicit an emotional reaction in their participants. This was attempted by having them

A) listen to audio tapes with negative statements on them.
B) read "secret" diary entries of teammates where insulting messages about each participant were written.
C) play handball against opponents with significantly greater skill.
D) endure verbal insults from an attractive woman

Question 39

Henry Goddard's argument on the genetic inferiority of certain groups was further reinforced when

A) a series of new studies comparing identical twins separated from birth proved the genetic basis of intelligence.
B) case studies of families from a small Midwestern city showed how the transmission of intelligence was traced to a genetic basis.
C) intelligence testing found that people from Eastern Europe actually had higher IQ scores than those from Northern Europe.
D) African Americans and other racial minorities scored lower than Whites in large-scale Army intelligence testing.

Question 40

In the United States, the tradition has been to attribute group differences in IQ scores to

A) nature.
B) nurture.
C) both nature and nurture.
D) differences in academic opportunities.

Question 41

Studies exploring the correlations between IQ scores of individuals on the basis of their degree of genetic relationship have found that

A) identical twins reared together show lower correlations than identical twins reared apart.
B) identical twins reared apart show higher correlations than fraternal twins reared together.
C) siblings reared together show lower correlations than siblings reared apart.
D) siblings reared apart show higher correlations than fraternal twins reared apart.

Question 42

Several decades ago, the gap between the IQ scores of African Americans and White Americans was estimated to be about 15 IQ points. Research from 2002 suggests that in 30 years that gap closed by about ________ points.

A) 1 to 3
B) 2 to 5
C) 4 to 7
D) 7 to 10

Question 43

In terms of the relationship between heredity and race, all of the following have been found EXCEPT for which one?

A) Nature and nurture play a part in IQ.
B) Race is strongly driven by social circumstances.
C) IQ is strongly related to genetics and is responsible for IQ gaps between races.
D) Heredity is not an adequate explanation for IQ differences.

Question 44

Because of the strict provisions of her religion, a child learns to listen respectfully to authority figures rather than expressing her own opinions. If this child goes to school in which students are expected to speak assertively, she is likely to

A) make an easy adjustment to the new norms.
B) be labeled by the school system as developmentally disabled.
C) be viewed somewhat negatively by the teacher.
D) be viewed by the teacher as a positive role model for other students.

Question 45

Suppose that a man is a member of a social group that is stereotypically expected to lack a specific type of ability. When the man takes a test he knows is designed for that ability, he is likely to perform ________, demonstrating an effect known as ________.

A) poorly; stereotype threat
B) poorly; culture bias
C) better than expected; stereotype reversal
D) better than expected; culture reversal

Question 46

According to the textbook, the primary goal of psychological assessment is to

A) create the best product for the least amount of time invested that will yield the greatest benefit to the society.
B) make accurate assessments of people as free from errors as possible.
C) validate theories of personality or vocational interest.
D) enhance the self-esteem of people who are being assessed by emphasizing those aspects of their personality that are positive.

Question 47

With respect to the tendency to label people as a result of test outcomes, the authors of the textbook believe that labels often lead to

A) thinking of the "normality" of individual children rather than the educational systems that created the conditions.
B) blaming the society for failure, rather than the individual being labeled.
C) putting the spotlight on dysfunctional aspects of the environment rather than on deviant personalities.
D) lowering people's sense of self-efficacy and encouraging an unwillingness to tackle challenges.

Question 48

According to research conducted in 2011, people with average ________ intelligence showed increased activity in the frontal lobes of their brains when problems they were solving grew harder. People with higher levels of the same type of intelligence did not show the same increases in frontal lobe activity.

A) emotional
B) fluid
C) crystallized
D) componential

Question 49

In Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, three types of intelligence are suggested, including ________, ________, and ________.

Question 50

Claude Steele has argued that stereotype _________ can impact people's performance on ability tests. This refers to being at risk for confirming a negative stereotype of one's group.