Deck 23: The United States and the Collapse of the Old World Order 1901-1920

Question 1

The chapter introduction tells the story of the Panama Canal to make the point that

A) progressives were increasingly willing to flex American muscle to shape the world order.
B) the United States followed a pattern of arbitrary intervention in Latin America.
C) the United States deliberately differed from European powers in the way they exercised influence abroad.
D) Roosevelt took the canal.

Answer 1

progressives were increasingly willing to flex American muscle to shape the world order.

Question 2

The text throughout the chapter links progressivism and American diplomacy. Which statement would best summarize this analysis?

A) All three presidents between 1901 and 1920 were progressives.
B) The progressive administration of Woodrow Wilson led the United States into World War I.
C) The humanitarian vision of progressivism was violated by U.S. entry into World War I.
D) Progressive moralism and desire for order were applied both to the international situation and to the wartime home front.

Answer 2

Progressive moralism and desire for order were applied both to the international situation and to the wartime home front.

Question 3

Progressive diplomacy embodied all of the following EXCEPT

A) a belief in moralism in international affairs.
B) a belief in the superiority of Anglo-American institutions, and therefore in America's mission to help civilize the non-Western world.
C) a nationalistic commitment to avoid intervention in any foreign country.
D) a pragmatic commitment to preserving and enlarging opportunities for international trade.

Answer 3

a nationalistic commitment to avoid intervention in any foreign country.

Question 4

The depression of 1893 had an impact on America's international posture in that

A) the U.S., with the return of prosperity, felt no great need to participate in the growing world of international trade.
B) the strains of underproduction left America behind in the race for world markets.
C) it encouraged American manufacturing and agricultural interest in markets abroad.
D) the U.S. became determined to drop its barriers to foreign imports in order to restore domestic competitiveness.

Question 5

Roosevelt justified his "corollary"to the Monroe Doctrine with the reasoning that

A) the instability of Latin American nations made them vulnerable to intervention by European powers.
B) the untapped resources of Latin American nations made them fair game for aggressive American exploitation.
C) the U.S. Navy, if displayed in all its power in Asia, would intimidate the imperial powers from any aggressive moves against American interests.
D) Monroe would have agreed if he could have anticipated the insecurity of the modern world.

Question 6

Roosevelt's objectives in his Asian policy-which explain his actions in response to the Russo-Japanese War-included all EXCEPT

A) holding the U.S. Navy in waters close to the U.S. for coastal defense.
B) keeping the commercial door open in China.
C) protecting U.S. Pacific holdings, especially the Philippines.
D) maintaining the balance of power in the Pacific.

Question 7

Taft's "dollar diplomacy"was intended to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT

A) encourage private corporations to invest abroad.
B) foster economic stability.
C) tie debt-ridden nations to the U.S. instead of to Europe.
D) promote American corporate interests overseas through regular use of armed force.

Question 8

Which of the following was NOT a member of the Central Powers in WWI?

A) Germany
B) Italy
C) Bulgaria
D) Turkey

Question 9

Wilson's commitment to neutrality in World War I stemmed from his profound conviction that

A) aggressive, threatening nationalism would arise from the chaos of war.
B) a neutral America could lead the warring nations to "a peace without victory."
C) it was his Christian duty to impose America's will on the world.
D) the U.S. had no security interests outside the Western Hemisphere.

Question 10

All of the following inclined the U.S. toward entering on the side of the Allies in the First World War EXCEPT that

A) although some progressives opposed war, the idealistic progressive spirit pointed toward an American campaign to end militarism and establish a peaceful world order.
B) the U.S. had cultural, economic, and historical ties to the Allies.
C) although a pacifist at heart, Wilson campaigned for re-election in 1916 on a hawkish platform-and won decisively.
D) the Germans employed submarine warfare against American merchant vessels.

Question 11

What circumstance led to an American posture in which true neutrality was dead?

A) the British blockade, which cut off U.S. trade with Germany while supplies still flowed to the Allies
B) the British blockade, which infuriated Wilson to the point of embargoing U.S. trade
C) German war propaganda, which recruited thousands of influential German Americans to lobby on behalf of the German cause
D) German war propaganda, which so alienated German Americans that they shifted their support to the British

Question 12

The inflammatory Zimmermann telegram proposed that in the event of war between the U.S. and Germany,

A) Mexico would attack the U.S.
B) Germany would unleash unrestricted submarine warfare on U.S. merchant vessels.
C) the U.S., once the Central Powers were defeated, would take over the German colonies.
D) German nationals within the U.S. would be held in internment camps.

Question 13

Among the "home front"impacts of World War I were all of the following EXCEPT

A) a draft to provide military manpower.
B) a government-business partnership to manage the war economy.
C) a spirit of unity that reduced racial and ethnic tensions.
D) a government information agency designed to stir up patriotic support for the war.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes how progressives viewed the draft?

A) They were overwhelmingly opposed to it.
B) They saw it as an opportunity to promote democracy.
C) They enthusiastically approved of it.
D) They saw it as an opportunity to employ the immigrant unemployed.

Question 15

All of the following are true of the war's impact on the federal government EXCEPT that

A) centralized management along the lines of TR's New Nationalism accelerated the creation of the modern bureaucratic state.
B) the national debt multiplied tenfold.
C) government-sponsored propaganda promoted psychological and social conformity.
D) the Supreme Court struck down acts of Congress that curtailed American civil liberties.

Question 16

Among the key provisions of Wilson's "Fourteen Points"were all of the following EXCEPT

A) freedom of the seas.
B) an organization to guarantee collective security.
C) phased rearmament.
D) democratic self-rule.

Question 17

The "Fourteen Points"can best be characterized as

A) a pragmatic list of specifics undergirding Wilson's desire to mediate an end to the war.
B) an idealistic vision for a world order freed of selfish nationalism, imperialism, and war.
C) a blueprint for a punitive peace that would prevent any resurgence of German aggression.
D) a code of moralistic guidelines for future diplomatic practice.

Question 18

What was the fate of Wilson's fundamental premise of national self-determination, as implemented in the Treaty of Versailles?

A) It was applied to the defeated powers, but not to the new League of Nations.
B) It was applied in part, especially in eastern Europe and the former German colonies.
C) It was applied specifically to the Germans living in the area that was to become the revived nation of Poland.
D) It was sacrificed to satisfy the greed and revenge of the victorious powers.

Question 19

What new weapon finally broke the stalemate by negating the defensive advantage of entrenched troops?

A) the zeppelin
B) the Unterseeboote
C) the airplane
D) the tank

Question 20

Which of the following is accurate about attitudes in the Senate toward the Treaty of Versailles?

A) Few supported it.
B) Most supported it in some form.
C) About half supported it as Wilson submitted it; the other half was irreconcilably opposed to it.
D) Democrats uniformly voted for its amended version against Wilson's express instructions; Republicans consistently voted against it.

Question 21

The end of the war, the success of Bolshevism in Russia, and the sense of cultural crisis led to all of the following EXCEPT

A) fear of labor militancy at home.
B) fear of organized conspiracies to overthrow the government.
C) fear of foreign terrorist or military attack.
D) anarchist bombings.

Question 22

The "Palmer raids"refers to

A) part of a baseball scandal involving attempts to bribe a pitcher to switch teams.
B) incursions into New Mexico by a Mexican rebel who murdered Americans.
C) efforts by congressional insurgents to strip the speaker of the house of certain powers.
D) a series of illegal arrests of alleged radical subversives under the direction of the U.S. attorney general.

Question 23

Seeking to punish a revolutionary leader for an attack on Americans, Wilson dispatched an expeditionary force to ______.

Question 24

The business practice of providing welfare for workers-in the form of pension and profit-sharing programs, subsidized housing, personnel management, paid vacations, and other services and benefits-is known as ________ capitalism.

Question 25

A(n) ________ is an outbreak of disease that spreads across national boundaries or across the world.

Question 26

What was the "Platt Amendment"? The "Roosevelt Corollary"? How were they used to justify American intervention in Latin America?

Question 27

What was "dollar diplomacy"? Did it succeed or fail? Why?

Question 28

What ethnic divisions and tensions in American society helped to undermine neutrality? How important were they in bringing the United States into World War I?

Question 29

What were the "Fourteen Points"? Why did Wilson promote them? How successful was he in achieving them?

Question 30

Describe the activities of the War Industries Board. How did it affect relations between business and government?

Question 31

What was the Committee on Public Information, and how did it contribute to postwar anti-radicalism?

Question 32

Describe the differences between Roosevelt's policies toward Latin America and Asia. Why were they different? How were they similar?

Question 33

Idealism and self-interest rarely part company in American foreign policy. How did Woodrow Wilson's "missionary diplomacy"combine the two? Why did it ultimately fail in Mexico?

Question 34

Was American neutrality a realistic policy? What did Wilson hope to achieve with it? Why did it fail?

Question 35

In what ways were mobilization and the war effort a fulfillment of the progressive legacy? In what ways did the war deny the basic tenets of progressivism?

Question 36

Why did the United States fail to endorse the Treaty of Versailles? What role did Wilson play in the demise of the treaty?

Question 37

What ignited the anti-radical "Red Scare"of 1919-1920? What could the president have done to quell the rising tide of hysteria? Why did the Red scare come to an end so quickly?