Deck 5: The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

Question 1

Which of the following does NOT describe the rights of married Spanish women?

A) They could buy and sell land and represent themselves in court.
B) They retained control over their own property.
C) They were entitled to at least 25 percent of the marital property upon a husband's death.
D) They were entitled to their dowries upon a husband's death.

Answer 1

They were entitled to at least 25 percent of the marital property upon a husband's death.

Question 2

What challenge did the Spanish face in settling California?

A) the long, dangerous journey there
B) military skirmishes with the Russians over land rights
C) tensions with the French over a joint claim
D) the need to pass through the English colonies to get there

Answer 2

the long, dangerous journey there

Question 3

Which of the following was a result of Spanish colonization of California?

A) Native American villages there thrived due to improved nutrition
B) the rapid growth of the Spanish population led to the Native Americans being pushed off their land
C) Native American land was transformed by overgrazing and invasive plant species
D) Native Americans from the interior moved closer to the missions to gain food and work

Answer 3

Native American land was transformed by overgrazing and invasive plant species

Question 4

Which of the following BEST characterizes the French relationship with native people in eighteenth-century New France?

A) conflict
B) domination
C) subordination
D) compromise

Question 5

Why were the French less likely than the British to use military force when dealing with the native people of North America?

A) The French population was relatively low.
B) French soldiers were much less effective fighters than their British counterparts.
C) As Catholics they naturally were more benevolent when dealing with the native people.
D) They had superior diplomatic skills.

Question 6

Why did French authorities stop importing slaves into Louisiana in the first half of the eighteenth century?

A) because they were profoundly against the institution of slavery
B) because the costly Natchez rebellion had persuaded them to stop importing slaves
C) because French Louisiana did not produce crops that required slave labor
D) because they switched to using enslaved native people for their labor

Question 7

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, land scarcity pushed both native-born and newly arrived families to look westward. Descendants of old Yankee families established themselves _______, while European immigrants found more luck _______.

A) in frontier New England; south of New York
B) in the Hudson River valley; along the Great Wagon Road
C) along the Great Wagon Road; south of New York
D) south of New York; in frontier New England

Question 8

The society of the eighteenth-century backcountry was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A) hard work.
B) self-sufficiency.
C) isolation.
D) class conflict.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about slave communities on southern plantations?

A) With few slaves imported directly from Africa, African folkways soon disappeared.
B) Slave marriages were legally recognized.
C) Resistance to slavery led to a drop in the slave trade.
D) Slaves maintained a family life despite the possibility that a family member could be sold.

Question 10

Which of the following was most likely true of Americans who were influenced by the Enlightenment?

A) They had faith that society could be improved through human slavery.
B) They were from the educated upper class.
C) They held to a religion that believed human beings could find salvation in the Catholic Church.
D) They understood knowledge as valuable for its own sake, independent of any practical usefulness.

Question 11

Regarding the effects of the Great Awakening, all of the following are correctly stated, EXCEPT that

A) Americans became more sharply polarized along religious lines.
B) many westerners embraced evangelical Protestantism and swelled the denominations of the Baptists and the Presbyterians.
C) many urban easterners embraced evangelical Protestantism and thus swelled such denominations as Quakers and Anglicans.
D) it caused many northern churches to bicker and splinter.

Question 12

The Great Awakening can best be described by which of the following statements?

A) It was a multifaceted, intellectual movement, based primarily on new discoveries in science.
B) It was a secular, humanitarian movement, which sought to improve the quality of life for the poor.
C) It was a rationalist religious movement, which had its greatest impact among the well-educated in eastern seaboard cities.
D) It was an emotional revivalist movement that appealed to a diverse cross-section of Americans.

Question 13

One of the important distinctions between eighteenth-century English and American social structures was that

A) while England had a large lower class, there were no poor people in America.
B) while England had a large lower class, their more industrialized economy created more opportunities for upward mobility than did agrarian America.
C) while England's aristocrats claimed titles and legal privileges by hereditary right, only a few American elites inherited titles and political power.
D) while less than one-third of England's inhabitants belonged to the "middling sort," three-quarters of white Americans could be described as "middle class."

Question 14

The Great ________ is the term used to describe periods of intense religious piety among Americans that fueled the expansion of Protestant churches.

Question 15

What "forces of division"were operating in the British colonies during the first half of the eighteenth century? Discuss with specific reference to at least two of the following areas: immigration, the backcountry, boundary disputes, and seaport towns.

Question 16

Compare and contrast the character of backcountry settlements with that of older rural communities in eighteenth-century America.

Question 17

Compare and contrast the lives of eighteenth-century American women in established rural communities, on the frontier, and in major seaports.

Question 18

Discuss male and female black slaves' experiences in South Carolina, the Chesapeake, and major seaports.

Question 19

Compare and contrast the economy, social structure, and politics of England and America in the eighteenth century.

Question 20

Describe the basic outlook of the intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment.

Question 21

Why did some American visitors to England feel ambivalent about life and society in their "parent country"?

Question 22

Comment on the following statement: "That America evolved in ways distinct from that of England was a direct result of British colonial policy."

Question 23

In what ways were major American seaports of the eighteenth century similar to cities today? In what ways were they different? How has urban life changed in the last 300 years?

Question 24

Consider the following: "To any person in bondage, the condition of slavery must be fundamentally unacceptable, no matter how benevolent a slave's master. Yet the realities of power forced enslaved people every day to confront these inequalities."Discuss the ways in which enslaved African Americans dealt with their situation.

Question 25

Why was the Great Awakening disruptive socially as well as religiously? Explain the causes of disruption in both cases.

Question 26

Colonial religious practices underwent several changes during the Great Awakening. Explain how different groups adjusted to these changes. What was the aftermath of the Great Awakening?