Deck 3: Colonization and Conflict in the South 1600-1750

Question 1

This chapter tells the story of the Powhatan confederacy to make the point that

A) Indians initially tolerated the first English settlers as allies against rival tribes, but the cultivation of tobacco led to white land hunger that would destroy Indian power.
B) the initial English settlements at Virginia survived only because of the generous assistance provided by local Indian tribes.
C) Powhatan had no strategy to deal with the white "tribes" who invaded his domain, so he tried in vain to organize an alliance to resist the English.
D) since the English colony was so self-sufficient, they felt no need to cultivate friendly relations with the few scattered, unorganized tribal bands in the Chesapeake region.

Answer 1

Indians initially tolerated the first English settlers as allies against rival tribes, but the cultivation of tobacco led to white land hunger that would destroy Indian power.

Question 2

What was the ultimate fate of Juan de Oñate?

A) He led a prosperous, long-lived colony in New Mexico.
B) After failing in New Mexico, he moved to Florida.
C) He was recalled by Spanish authorities and charged with mismanagement.
D) He was one of the few Spanish leaders to live in harmony with the Indians.

Answer 2

He was recalled by Spanish authorities and charged with mismanagement.

Question 3

For strategic reasons, in what location did the Spaniards most rely on the Franciscans?

A) Florida
B) New Mexico
C) Arizona
D) Georgia

Answer 3

Florida

Question 4

Which of the following was responsible for the drastic decrease in the Pueblo population between 1620 and 1680?

A) epidemics
B) locust infestations
C) severe drought
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 5

Who called for the Pueblo Revolt, the most successful Pan-Indian uprising in North American history?

A) Powhatan
B) Popé
C) Pamunkey
D) Acoma

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a "headright"?

A) the right of a free settler or sponsor of immigrants to receive 50 acres per person or head
B) the recognized right of the gentry class to rule
C) the right, according to European diplomacy, of the first nation to colonize a river valley to claim all adjacent lands up to its headwaters
D) the absolute property right, according to English law, of a head of household over his wife, children, servants, and slaves

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of immigrants to Virginia during the tobacco boom of the 1620s?

A) They were mostly young, single males.
B) Most came as indentured servants.
C) Nearly all were recruited from peasant villages where they had lived all their lives.
D) Their life expectancy was very low.

Question 8

The king revoked the company's charter and made Virginia a royal colony in 1624 for what reason?

A) He wanted to keep all the colony's profits for the royal treasury.
B) Indian attacks on the settlers required revenue for security.
C) An investigation revealed the horrible death rate for the Spanish.
D) More than 3,000 immigrants had succumbed to the brutal conditions of Chesapeake life.

Question 9

British authorities based their colonial trade policies, as embodied in the Navigation Acts, on the theory of

A) mercantilism: insuring self-sufficiency by monopolizing trade.
B) industrialism: promoting English industrial development.
C) imperialism: keeping the American colonies weak and dependent.
D) developmentalism: stimulating colonial economic diversification.

Question 10

The leaders of Chesapeake society by the end of the 1600s were able to foster greater unity and stability because

A) they relied more on serfs than servitude.
B) economic prospects for slaves improved.
C) new land on the frontier became available.
D) they gave more white males a vote in elections.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an accurate generalization about the southern English colonies by about 1700?

A) Each had been founded as a private (i.e. proprietary) colony, but each would eventually become royal.
B) The economy of each was based on slave-grown plantation staple crops.
C) Each had matured into a hierarchical society in which the leading planters controlled the government.
D) To the south of England's mainland colonies were mainland colonies of Spain.

Question 12

Juan de Oñate was tapped to establish a colony in _______.

Question 13

The long sea voyage across the Atlantic endured by slaves is known as the _______.

Question 14

Describe Powhatan's reactions to the arrival of the English in the Chesapeake. Why did Powhatan allow the settlement at Jamestown to survive?

Question 15

What was mercantilism? Why did the logic of mercantilist ideas encourage King James to grant a charter to the Virginia Company?

Question 16

Discuss the causes of Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia. Compare and contrast the causes and character of that rebellion with the causes and character of Coode's Rebellion in Maryland.

Question 17

Describe how the Virginia colony was transformed from a colony in which most unfree laborers were white servants to one in which black slavery was firmly established.

Question 18

Discuss the ways in which the character and composition of the black population and the institution of slavery in the Chesapeake changed between the middle of the seventeenth century and the early decades of the eighteenth century.

Question 19

What explains the greater stability of white society in South Carolina after about 1730?

Question 20

Why did Georgia's idealistic founders fail in their plan to create a small farmer's utopia?

Question 21

Compare and contrast the Spanish treatment of native peoples in the Southwest with relations between Indians and English settlers in the colonial American Southeast.

Question 22

Does the text's account of Powhatan's confederacy reinforce or contradict the notion of the Chesapeake Indians as "noble savages"who lived a simpler life than did the Europeans who reached their shores? Explain why.

Question 23

Imagine that you were one of the leaders of the English settlement at Jamestown. What could you have done to lessen the hardships or to prevent the tragedies that took place during the first fifteen years of settlement?

Question 24

Without tobacco, the Virginia Colony would never have survived. Make a case for that thesis, using what you know of the colony's history.

Question 25

Explain how sugar and tobacco played similar roles in Virginia and in the Caribbean colonies.

Question 26

Discuss and assess the following statement from the textbook: "All that saved white society in the Chesapeake from renewed crisis and conflict [after Bacon's and Coode's rebellions] was the growth of African slavery."

Question 27

One of Virginia's biggest planters, William Byrd, boasted that, "I am dependent upon no one but Providence."In what ways were Byrd and other planters like him powerful and independent? In what ways were they more dependent than Byrd realized?

Question 28

Was it inevitable that black slavery emerged as the dominant labor system in the Chesapeake? In South Carolina? Could planters in either colony have adopted alternatives-free white workers? White indentured servants? Indian slaves or servants?

Question 29

Discuss the relationship that existed between the Spanish in the Southwest and the Pueblo Indians.