Deck 12: Neoplasia

Question 1

The nurse is preparing to provide education to a client with a diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm. What is the nurse's understanding of the client's condition?

A) This condition is life-threatening.
B) In this condition, cells typically grow slowly.
C) Malignant cells have minimal nuclear variation in size and shape.
D) Malignant cells represent a range of ploidy statuses.

Answer 1

Malignant cells represent a range of ploidy statuses.

Question 2

The nurse is educating a client who has breast cancer that has metastasized to the bone. Which statement by the client requires additional follow up by the nurse?

A) "My cancer has spread from its primary site."
B) "I have two different types of cancer."
C) "Like all cancer, mine is the result of damaged DNA or RNA."
D) "My cancer may have developed by nature, nurture, or a combination of the two."

Answer 2

"I have two different types of cancer."

Question 3

The nurse is caring for a client with leukemia who is experiencing a blast crisis. What is the nurse's understanding of the client's condition? Select all that apply.

A) A blast crisis is the rapid proliferation of immature cells.
B) The new cells resulting from the client's condition have distinct morphology and specialized functions.
C) This condition occurs in early stage leukemias, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia.
D) The most immature cells in the body are labeled as blast cells.
E) The cells resulting from a blast crisis are found in the bone marrow and/or blood.

Answer 3

A blast crisis is the rapid proliferation of immature cells.
The most immature cells in the body are labeled as blast cells.
The cells resulting from a blast crisis are found in the bone marrow and/or blood.

Question 4

A nurse is caring for a client with a retinoblastoma. What aspect of the cell cycle does the nurse understand to be the cause of this client's condition?

A) This condition occurs during cellular angiogenesis.
B) This condition is a result of TP53 activation, which contributes to apoptosis.
C) This condition developed during the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle.
D) The presence of retinoblastoma protein is the cause of this condition.

Question 5

The nurse is teaching a community course about cancer prevention. Which contributing factors to malignancy will the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

A) Lifestyle factors
B) Hormonal influences
C) Environmental variables
D) Acute inflammation
E) Oxidative stress

Question 6

The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with HER2/neu positive breast cancer. What will the nurse include in the teaching about this condition?

A) "HER2/neu positivity is a result of gene amplification in your condition."
B) "Your children may be at a higher risk for the development of cancer."
C) "Your condition is less likely to be poorly differentiated."
D) "You are at greater risk for developing Burkitt lymphoma."

Question 7

The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client whose colon cancer exhibits VEGF overexpression. Which statement regarding the client's condition is true?

A) Angiogenesis only occurs in VEGF overexpressing tumors.
B) VEGF causes the growth of new vessels, forming a microcirculatory system.
C) ATP production is inhibited by the presence of VEGF.
D) VEGF positive tumor cells do not require glycolysis to generate energy for growth.

Question 8

The nurse preceptor on a cancer ward is educating a novice nurse about the theory of carcinogenesis. Which statements by the novice nurse requires additional follow up by the nurse preceptor?

A) "During step 2, promotion, a cancer-causing agent damages DNA."
B) "Vitamins may modify how carcinogens can affect my body's cells."
C) "Step 3, progression, involves the accumulation of mutations in my body's cells."
D) "Promoters are characterized by their ability to initiate carcinogenesis."

Question 9

A nurse is caring for a client with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has metastasized to the brain. What changes in the client's cells have occurred to allow metastasis? Select all that apply.

A) Alterations in lectin binding allow cancer cells to avoid sticking to leukocytes and platelets.
B) Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) may be present, allowing malignant cells to escape detection by the immune system.
C) The cytoskeleton loses rigidity, making cells more amenable to proliferation.
D) Further growth is inhibited at the primary site, encouraging cells to spread to other sites in the body.
E) Altered cytoskeletal control leads to the loss of internal and external cellular functions.

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of metastatic cancer with a pathogenic bone fracture. The nurse understands that this condition occurs by which mechanism?

A) Increased osteoblastic growth factors (ObGFs) results in a fragile bony structure.
B) Increased osteoclast activating factors (OcAFs) result in increased pressure in the bone, resulting in pathogenic fracture.
C) Pathogenic fractures occur by either increased pressure in the bone, or breakdown of the bony matrix.
D) Pathogenic fractures occur due to the breakdown of the bone network and loss of the bony matrix.

Question 11

The nurse is teaching a community health class about the epidemiology of cancer. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?

A) "Cancer is the leading cause of death in developing countries."
B) "Racial disparities in cancer incidence are affected by healthcare accessibility."
C) "Because of intensive antismoking campaigns, lung cancer no longer has the highest death rate among cancers."
D) "Brain tumors are the least commonly diagnosed malignancies in children."

Question 12

The nurse is preparing to administer a human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine to a client. What does the nurse understand about infections and cancer incidence?

A) The HPV vaccine is effective for preventing all types of HPV infections.
B) HPV vaccination is effective for the treatment of cervical cancer.
C) Many of the leading cancers in the world are due to infections like HPV.
D) Screening for cervical cancer is no longer necessary after receiving the HPV vaccine.

Question 13

The nurse is assessing a client for signs and symptoms of cancer. Which assessment findings does the nurse understand may indicate the presence of cancer? Select all that apply.

A) A change in bowel or bladder habits
B) Abdominal pain
C) Thickening or a lump in any part of the body
D) The recent development of a fever
E) An obvious change in a mole

Question 14

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with an early stage malignancy. What does the nurse understand about the local effects of cancer?

A) A new lump or tissue thickening will determine the extent of the cancer.
B) Lymphadenopathy means the cancer is progressing.
C) A growing tumor is not likely to exert pressure on the surrounding tissue.
D) Assessment findings are likely to be linked to the tissue source of the tumor.

Question 15

The oncology nurse is preparing to administer pembrolizumab, a targeted cancer treatment, to a client with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). What is the nurse's understanding of targeted cancer treatment?

A) Targeted therapy has a higher degree of toxicity than standard chemotherapy.
B) In targeted therapy, a normal gene is inserted to replace an abnormal gene.
C) Targeted therapy is only available through clinical trials.
D) Targeted therapy is known as personalized medicine.

Question 16

The nurse is providing education to a client about to undergo an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). What statement by the client indicates the need for additional follow up by the nurse?

A) "I can expect a full recovery with a low risk for complications."
B) "I will require radiation treatment to my brain, since most chemo doesn't cross the blood-brain barrier."
C) "I will receive multiple types of cancer treatment to promote a better outcome."
D) "I have discussed all of my concerns related to fertility and sexuality."

Question 17

The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with an adenoma. Which statement by the client requires further follow up by the nurse?

A) "This is a well-differentiated neoplasm."
B) "This is a malignancy of the mesenchymal tissue."
C) "This means that the affected cells were encapsulated."
D) "This is a slow-growing condition."

Question 18

The nurse is caring for a client recently discovered to have grade 2 colon cancer. Which statement by the client is consistent with the client's continuum of care?

A) "I am in the middle of cancer treatment."
B) "I am due for a survivorship follow up visit."
C) "I have just completed chemoradiation therapy."
D) "I am still discussing my diagnosis with my providers."

Question 19

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient who is BRCA1 and BRCA2 positive. The nurse understands that the client and the client's immediate family may be at increased risk for which malignancies? Select all that apply.

A) Prostate
B) Multiple Myeloma
C) Ovarian
D) Pancreatic
E) Melanoma

Question 20

The nurse is caring for a client with T1N0MX cancer. What is the nurse's understanding of the client's cancer staging? Select all that apply.

A) The client has no regional lymph node spread.
B) The client has carcinoma in situ.
C) The client's primary tumor cannot be evaluated.
D) The client has innumerable distant metastases.
E) The client has not been evaluated for distant metastases.