Deck 8: Order Restored: The High Middle Ages, 1000-1300

Question 1

An important way in which the medieval world differed economically from the classical Greek and Roman world was

A) That its population was far smaller - about ten percent that of ancient times
B) That it was able to make better use of technology with its water mills and windmills
C) That its agricultural system was far less productive
D) That its population was more than double that of ancient times

Answer 1

That it was able to make better use of technology with its water mills and windmills

Question 2

Watermills

A) Did not exist in the Middle Ages
B) Replaced windmills
C) Provided a form of power that was rare or nonexistent in classical antiquity
D) Provided a form of power that was abundant in classical antiquity

Answer 2

Provided a form of power that was rare or nonexistent in classical antiquity

Question 3

During the Middle Ages

A) Viking invasions caused the collapse of agriculture
B) Developments such as the three-field system and the padded horse collar meant that agriculture was actually improved from classical time
C) Crop rotation was abandoned
D) Crop rotation was developed

Answer 3

Developments such as the three-field system and the padded horse collar meant that agriculture was actually improved from classical time

Question 4

Which of the following was not a result of the spread of the three-field system?

A) A major development of industry
B) A near doubling of European population
C) An expansion of European settlements
D) A growth of freedom in agricultural areas, with the lessening of serfdom

Question 5

Medieval towns

A) Often had populations of 40,000 or more
B) Always excluded Jews from residency
C) Became important centers of trade and manufacturing
D) Were larger than their Roman counterparts

Question 6

The medieval guilds

A) Were organizations of tradesmen within the towns
B) Were the name for the governing bodies of the towns
C) Were organizations of runaway serfs
D) Were associations of vassals intending to fight their lord

Question 7

Which of the following statements about Medieval trade is incorrect?

A) Europeans traded with Muslims
B) Numerous trade routes developed between northern and southern European countries
C) The Baltic Sea became a center of prosperous trade, monopolized by the Hanseatic League
D) It was mostly trade in necessities rather than trade in luxuries

Question 8

The Jewish communities of the early Middle Ages

A) Were almost exclusively rural
B) Began to engage in money lending
C) Were usually organized into guilds
D) Were systematically expelled from almost all medieval cities

Question 9

The place where medieval trade fairs were held between the northern and the southern trade zones was

A) Flanders
B) Spain
C) Italy
D) Champagne

Question 10

The Hanseatic League

A) Acquired a monopoly on the Baltic trade
B) Was centered in Flanders
C) Was ruined by the economic competition of the Champagne fairs
D) Was centered in the Rhone valley

Question 11

Gothic architecture

A) Was started by the Goths
B) Was noted for its dark, dreary spaces
C) Was a form of castle building
D) Used such architectural features as pointed arches and flying buttresses

Question 12

Medieval universities

A) Often arose from cathedral schools
B) Developed from guilds-in this case, guilds of masters and students
C) Offered the opportunity to study the trivium and then the quadrivium
D) All of these options are correct

Question 13

Ramó n Lull

A) Attempted to preach Christianity to the Islamic world
B) Opposed Abelard's theological methods
C) Was a founder of the University of Paris
D) Was an early opponent of slavery

Question 14

Muslim scholars of the Middle Ages

A) Denounced the works of Arab thinkers such as Avicenna and Averroës
B) Often studied the works of Aristotle
C) Proved irrefutably that there was no contradiction between science and faith
D) Advanced the ideas of Ramó n Lull

Question 15

The goal of scholastic philosophy in the Middle Ages was

A) To reconcile faith and reason
B) To provide employment for professors
C) To refute the ideas of Abelard
D) To provide justification for monarchy

Question 16

Thomas Aquinas believed

A) That there was no point in studying the physical world
B) That all Aristotelian ideas should be rejected by Christians
C) That faith and reason are incompatible
D) That Christian faith and reason, the latter exemplified by Aristotelian philosophy, were compatible

Question 17

The importance of Robert Grosseteste and Roger Bacon in the Middle Ages was

A) That they demonstrated that it was possible to develop an idea of experimental scientific method
B) That they developed trade links with the Muslim world
C) That they formulated the ideas of feudalism
D) That they demonstrated that there was no intellectual progress during the Middle Ages

Question 18

The medieval castle

A) Was always built of stone
B) Was usually erected in harmony with its environment
C) By the 13th century was designed for comfort as well as for defense
D) Was usually built in low-lying areas

Question 19

Medieval chivalry

A) Required sexual purity
B) Rejected the violence of tournaments
C) Was a code of ethics that to some extent tamed the violence of medieval warriors
D) Required unrequited love

Question 20

The medieval concept of courtly love

A) Was also applied to the peasants
B) In literature, if not necessarily in fact, enhanced the position of women
C) Tended to strengthen the bonds of matrimony
D) Led to an increase in divorces

Question 21

The Norman conquest of England

A) Had little real effect because it was only a change of rulers
B) Led to the investiture crisis
C) Led to the rise of universities
D) Ultimately remade England by making it feudal under French-speaking kings

Question 22

The development of France and England in the Middle Ages were clear instances of

A) The growth of religious heresy
B) The rise of centralized monarchies
C) The growth of Scholastic theology
D) The development of commerce in the Mediterranean world

Question 23

After becoming king of England, William the Conqueror

A) Imposed a highly centralized feudal system in England
B) Retained all the Anglo-Saxon governmental institutions
C) Returned to France because he was only interested in looting, not in permanent occupation
D) Proclaimed himself emperor, successor to Charlemagne

Question 24

The English barons' rebellion against king John's abuse of feudal custom resulted in the

A) Norman Conquest
B) Investiture crisis
C) Parliament
D) Magna Carta

Question 25

The English Parliament

A) Was established by the Magna Carta
B) Started to take shape under Edward I with knights and burgesses with the lower nobility; and clergy with the upper nobility
C) Was quickly dominated by the House of Commons, whose rulings the House of Lords had only to approve
D) Was established by William the Conquerer

Question 26

During the Middle Ages, the Iberian peninsula

A) Remained completely under Muslim control
B) Saw the conversion of most Muslims in Spain to Christianity
C) Saw the gradual "reconquest" of most of the peninsula by Christian kingdoms
D) Became the intellectual center of Europe

Question 27

The most important achievement of the Capetian kings of France was probably

A) The defeat of the pope in the investiture crisis
B) A successful invasion of England that overthrew William the Conqueror
C) Their expansion of royal authority by gaining control of most French provinces from the great feudal princes
D) Conquest of Spain

Question 28

According to the text, by the end of the 13th century, the wealthiest and best governed monarchy in Europe was

A) Spain
B) England
C) France
D) The Holy Roman Empire

Question 29

In spite of its name, the Medieval Holy Roman Empire was based not in Italy, but in

A) England
B) France
C) Germany
D) Poland

Question 30

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor,

A) Focused his rule in Italy and Sicily, viewing Germany only as a source of revenue
B) Dictated Church policy by appointing several popes
C) Neglected Italy in order to establish dictatorial power in Germany
D) Suppressed all traces of Muslim culture in his dominions

Question 31

The apparently strong German monarchy of the Holy Roman Empire eventually foundered because of

A) The growing strength of major independent nobles in Germany
B) The result of conflict with the pope
C) Too much involvement in Italian politics that led the emperors to neglect Germany
D) All of these options are correct

Question 32

Medieval church reform

A) Was opposed by the kings of France and England because it strengthened the power of the Holy Roman Emperor
B) Was demanded by the Roman aristocracy to prevent imperial intervention in the election of the popes
C) Had as an important background the intervention of Emperor Henry III, who deposed three rival popes and strengthened the papal court
D) Was undertaken without the support of the Clunaic monks because they believed that monasteries, not the papacy, should be the heart of church reform

Question 33

The investiture struggle became especially bitter in the German part of the Holy Roman Empire because

A) German bishops served as secular administrators for the Emperor so he would not see his power of appointment fall into the hands of the popes
B) The kings of France and England gave the popes all they wanted, leaving the Emperor isolated and weak
C) During the struggle, the emperor actually called on Muslim forces to invade Rome
D) The popes succeeded in assassinating the emperor, but the new emperor exercised equal ruthlessness against the pope

Question 34

Pope Innocent III

A) Was able to reprimand kings of England, Aragon, France, Norway and Poland and insist that they obey him
B) Preached the First Crusade
C) Was deposed because he embraced the Albigensian or Cathar heresy
D) Was murdered during the Investiture struggle by orders of the emperor

Question 35

The First Crusade

A) Did not start after the initial Muslim conquest of Jerusalem, but four hundred years later, when the Turks defeated the Byzantines, causing some chaos in the Middle East
B) Was entirely a movement of knights; the peasants refused to participate
C) Succeeded because of the close cooperation between the Byzantines and the Crusaders
D) Failed to take Jerusalem, thus occasioning the Second and Third Crusades

Question 36

The Third Crusade

A) Was led by peasants
B) Failed to retake Jerusalem, which had been captured by the Muslim leader, Saladin
C) Was led by Charlemagne
D) Ended the Investiture controversy

Question 37

Ultimately the Crusades

A) Permitted the Byzantine Empire to regain the power that it had prior to the Turkish invasion
B) Destroyed Mecca, delivering a major blow to the Islamic world
C) Failed in their purpose, with the last Crusader outpost seized by the Muslims in 1291
D) Established permanent Christian control over Jerusalem

Question 38

Valdes of Lyon

A) Was the leader of the Fifth Crusade
B) Became Pope Innocent III
C) Was declared a heretic for criticizing the wealth of the medieval church
D) Sided with Henry IV in the investiture conflict

Question 39

The Franciscans and the Dominicans

A) Were medieval heretics who believed that the church should own no property
B) Were orders of crusading knights
C) Were orders of monks who followed the Clunaic reforms
D) Were orders of mendicant friars who lived among the people rather than retiring from society

Question 40

The Waldensians and the Albigensians were

A) Two major orders of crusading knights
B) Two very different, but important sets of Medieval religious dissidents or heretics
C) The followers of the pope in the investiture crisis
D) The followers of the emperor in the Investiture crisis

Question 41

The Medieval inquisition

A) Was established by the Holy Roman Empire as a result of the Investiture controversy
B) Inquired about conditions in the Holy land from returning Crusaders
C) Came about because it was then believed that incorrect religious views could threaten not only the . salvation of the individual but also of the community
D) Demonstrated decisively that the Albigensians were not heretics

Question 42

The two-field system replaced the three-field system as the basis for medieval agriculture.

Question 43

The internal economic and agricultural expansion in the Middle Ages led to a more severe serfdom for the peasants.

Question 44

The medieval guilds controlled trade and manufacturing within the towns.

Question 45

During the period from the 11th to the 13th centuries two major areas of manufacturing and trade developed, in northern Italy and in Flanders.

Question 46

Gothic architects rejected the flying buttress as old-fashioned.

Question 47

Ramó n Lull was one of the leaders of crusades against the Muslim world.

Question 48

Medieval universities prohibited the study of Arabic philosophers.

Question 49

Thomas Aquinas believed that faith and reason were quite compatible for a Christian.

Question 50

By medieval standards the castles, though very secure, were not comfortable.

Question 51

The ideals of chivalry were intended to tame the violent urges of the medieval nobility.

Question 52

Henry II of England was noted for his judicial reforms.

Question 53

The Magna Carta in England was intended to support the rights of the commonality against the nobility.

Question 54

Edward I started the process of creating the English Parliament by requiring that knights and townsmen, as well as nobles, attend.

Question 55

The government of Philip II of France suffered from a lack of local officials loyal to the king.

Question 56

Philip IV of France maintained peaceful relations with Edward I of England.

Question 57

During the reign of Otto I, the Holy Roman Empire collapsed.

Question 58

Although he was Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II Hohenstaufen was more of an Italian than a German ruler.

Question 59

The investiture controversy was the question of whether laymen or the papacy should confer the spiritual symbols of office on a new bishop.

Question 60

The great victory by the Turks over the Byzantine Empire at Manzikert was an important background to the crusades.

Question 61

The Third Crusade ended with the defeat of Saladin and the recapture of Jerusalem by the crusaders.

Question 62

By the end of the Crusades, Islamic states were stronger than ever and the Byzantine Empire weaker than ever.

Question 63

Criticism of the wealth of the medieval church led to heresies such as those of the Franciscans and the Dominicans.

Question 64

The Catharism or Albigensian movement posited the existence of a principle or god of light and a god of darkness engaged in an eternal struggle.

Question 65

The new form of agricultural planting in the Middle Ages was called the ________.

Question 66

Organizations of trades in the Middle Ages were known as ________.

Question 67

To facilitate trade between the northern and southern zones of medieval Europe, trade fairs were established in the French county of ________.

Question 68

The style of medieval church construction that featured pointed arches, flying buttresses and large stained glass windows was called ________.

Question 69

Medieval universities granted advanced degrees in law and ________.

Question 70

A medieval Spaniard who studied Arabic in order to convert Muslims in North Africa was ________.

Question 71

The medieval Italian theologian who wrote the Summa Theologiae was Thomas ________.

Question 72

The medieval ideal that the knight should be strong, disciplined and defend the weak was called________.

Question 73

The type of romantic activity that became an ideal of the medieval nobility was called ________.

Question 74

____________ invaded England in 1066 and became its king.

Question 75

Rebellious English barons, disgusted by his disregard of feudal customs, forced King John to sign the________.

Question 76

The body assembled by Edward I, which included nobles, knights and townsmen, was called the Model ________.

Question 77

The Medieval European area that underwent a "reconquest" when Christian states drove out Islamic powers was the ________.

Question 78

The French king who defeated John of England and conquered Normandy, Maine and Anjou was________.

Question 79

A pious but judicially and legislatively effective French king who was regarded as a saint was________.

Question 80

The member of the Saxon dynasty who revived the title of emperor after the extinction of the Carolingian dynasty in Germany was ________.