Deck 20: Mass Politics and Imperial Domination: Democracy and the New Imperialism, 1870-1914

Question 1

Late nineteenth century Europe was characterized by

A) Revolutions that overthrew governments in Germany and Britain
B) A massive Asian immigration to Europe
C) The restoration of monarchy in France
D) Mass politics and imperialism

Answer 1

Mass politics and imperialism

Question 2

Mass democracy in late nineteenth century Europe

A) Was promoted by public education
B) Was promoted by popular journalism
C) Was promoted by political parties and political campaigns
D) All of these options are correct

Answer 2

All of these options are correct

Question 3

Liberal democracy in Britain

A) Was stifled by the Conservative Party
B) Led to a radical revolution
C) Was promoted first by the Conservative Party, then by the Liberals as well
D) Was strongly opposed by Queen Victoria

Answer 3

Was promoted first by the Conservative Party, then by the Liberals as well

Question 4

Late nineteenth century Great Britain

A) Saw an aristocratic resurgence that repealed all reform bills
B) Saw a reform bills extending voting rights further
C) Saw the domination of the government by the British Socialist Party
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 5

The Third Republic of France

A) Was born after the collapse of the Second Empire
B) Was overthrown by the revolt of the Parisian Commune
C) Ended when General Boulanger seized power and proclaimed a Third Empire
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 6

The political experience of France and England in the late nineteenth century demonstrated that

A) A monarchy was a more liberal form of government than a republic
B) A republic was a more liberal form of government than a monarchy
C) Both monarchies and republics could, in their own way, promote the cause of liberal democracy
D) Any form of late nineteenth century government was dangerous for civil liberties

Question 7

In Germany the conservative Chancellor Bismarck believed that the best way to combat the liberalism of the bourgeoisie was

A) To return to the openly repressive policies of Metternich
B) To reemphasize aggressive German nationalism in the hope of isolating the liberals
C) To support universal male suffrage in the belief that the worker and peasant votes would outnumber the . votes of the liberal bourgeoisie
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 8

Germany under Bismarck

A) Had conflicts with both the Catholic Church and the Socialists
B) Started World War I
C) Was more democratic than either France or Britain
D) Became a republic

Question 9

Late nineteenth century Russia under Alexander II and Alexander III

A) Established a constitutional monarchy
B) Went from limited reforms under Alexander II to a reactionary policy under Alexander III
C) Became a well-run multinational empire with little national discontent
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 10

Late nineteenth century political developments included

A) The refusal of the Liberal and Conservative parties in Great Britain to go beyond the terms of the Reform Bill of 1832
B) An alliance by Bismarck and the Socialists against German liberals
C) The collapse of monarchical movements in France and the triumph of the Third Republic
D) A grudging liberalization in Russia after the assassination of Alexander II

Question 11

Labor in late nineteenth century Europe

A) Was never involved with socialism
B) Developed large trade union movements in England, France and Germany
C) Rejected unskilled workers as members
D) Seldom went on strike

Question 12

Jean Jaurès was

A) A supporter of Bismarck's anti-socialist policy
B) A nineteenth and early twentieth century French orator and socialist politician
C) A major advocate of European imperialism
D) An impressionist painter

Question 13

The German Social Democratic Party

A) Had little electoral success and was ignored by Bismarck
B) Was brilliantly directed by Jean Jaurès
C) While maintaining the Marxist principle of inevitable revolution, in practice sought practical benefits for German workers
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 14

Anarchists in late nineteenth century Europe

A) Often preferred direct action through unions and cooperatives rather than through parliamentary politics
B) Were more conservative than socialists
C) Overthrew governments in France and Italy
D) Started the Russian Revolution

Question 15

Anti-Semitism in late nineteenth century Europe

A) Was often tied to the anarchist movement
B) Was a byproduct of militant, authoritarian, racist nationalism
C) Was rejected by all political movements
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 16

The Dreyfus Affair in France

A) Revolved around a French Jewish army officer wrongly convicted of treason
B) Pitted republicans, socialists and intellectuals against conservatives, monarchists and anti-Semites
C) Indirectly led to the legal separation of Church and state in France
D) All of these options are correct

Question 17

The Zionist movement

A) Was an effort to create a national park in the southwestern United States
B) Was part of the growing European anti-Semitism
C) Received no support from any European government
D) Was a movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Question 18

Women's suffrage movements in late nineteenth century Europe

A) Consciously rejected the idea of feminism
B) With the exception of Finland, failed to obtain voting rights for women prior to World War I
C) Were probably weakest in Great Britain
D) Rejected political activism as a way of obtaining women's rights

Question 19

During the second half of the nineteenth century

A) Europe was so prosperous that few people wished to leave
B) Major wars created millions of refugees, who could not return to their homes and who had to leave Europe
C) Europeans living in less prosperous countries often left for a better life in the Americas, Australia and New Zealand
D) European population declined, eliminating the major cause for European emigration

Question 20

Late nineteenth century European imperialism

A) Was driven by a combination of economic causes and nineteenth century nationalism
B) Was an entirely new phenomenon in history
C) Failed to control Africa, which remained free of European domination
D) Established British rule over China as well as India

Question 21

An important factor that enabled Europeans to undertake imperial expansion in the nineteenth century was

A) Transportation: steamships and the Suez Canal
B) Force: breech-loading rifles and machine guns
C) Medicine: the conquest of diseases such as malaria that otherwise might have killed many European soldiers and officials
D) All of these options are correct

Question 22

The most dramatic expression of late nineteenth century imperialism was

A) The conquest of Australia
B) The Mexican War
C) The annexation of Japan
D) The scramble for Africa

Question 23

One of the few places in Africa that succeeded in maintaining independence from European imperialism was

A) The Boer republic of the Transvaal
B) Ethiopia
C) Sudan
D) Congo

Question 24

The international scramble for Africa

A) Started with the British takeover of Egypt and the Suez Canal
B) Was strongly opposed by France
C) Permitted the Boers to take the southern part of Africa from the British
D) Left the Congo completely untouched by European powers

Question 25

British imperialism in India

A) Was overthrown by the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857
B) Used Indian elites to enforce British rule, but would not give those elites a voice in running the country
C) Had little effect on traditional Indian society and economy
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 26

The British in India

A) Spread democratic values as part of their rule
B) Tried to achieve Indian economic independence, even at the cost of restricting the British economy
C) Lived apart from the native Indians and expected the latter to adjust to British ways
D) Attempted to establish a thoroughly integrated British-Indian society

Question 27

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Chinese government

A) Welcomed traders and missionaries because they brought goods that China could not produce
B) Desired better diplomatic relations with Britain and France
C) Was seriously concerned about its naval forces, which it feared might be inferior to those of the West
D) Was convinced that China did not need foreign trade because it produced an abundance of goods for its own markets

Question 28

China, during the late nineteenth century,

A) Totally defeated European invaders in the Opium and Taiping Wars
B) Underwent its own industrial revolution
C) Suffered from both foreign invasion and domestic uprisings
D) Was able to conquer Korea, Vietnam and Japan

Question 29

Imperialism in China had different results from imperialism in India because

A) India staged a successful revolt against Britain in 1857 while China was conquered by a joint French-German expedition
B) Although China was forced to grant concessions to Europeans in the "treaty ports," the government remained entirely in the hands of Chinese officials, unlike India
C) India was forced to accept opium shipments from British-controlled territories, while China successfully banned the drug entirely
D) India underwent a major industrial revolution, while China remained a traditional society

Question 30

Prior to the nineteenth century, Japan

A) Was a feudal society ruled by a military governor called the shogun
B) Had an emperor, but he had only limited powers
C) Was influenced strongly by Chinese culture, but maintained a sharp sense of Japanese identity
D) All of these options are correct

Question 31

When Japan found itself compelled to open the country up to western trade,

A) The emperor was overthrown and a republic established
B) Japan quickly developed modern western-style industry and even engaged in its own imperial expansion
C) Violently resisted western influences in the Boxer Rebellion
D) All of these options are incorrect

Question 32

Pick out the statement that best describes the legacy of European imperialism.

A) Although producing benefits such as preventing local wars and abolishing slavery in Africa, imperialism promoted a condescending and often racist outlook among westerners
B) European countries tried to introduce new, European-style industries into the countries they controlled
C) Although destroying the political independence of non-western areas, European countries tried to introduce democratic procedures and habits into these areas
D) Imperialists tried to respect and uphold local cultural traditions even though European culture was placing great pressure on these cultures to make major changes

Question 33

In Europe between 1870 and 1914, advances in democracy were entwined with the spread of universal public education and popular journalism that appealed to the masses.

Question 34

Gladstone and the Liberal Party enacted Reform Bill of 1867 over the objections of Disraeli and the Conservative Party.

Question 35

In the first major elections under the Third Republic in France, monarchists won a majority in the Assembly.

Question 36

Bismarck favored universal male suffrage in Germany because he believed this would work against German liberals.

Question 37

The People's Will was a terrorist group in Russia that assassinated Alexander II.

Question 38

Unskilled workers during the late nineteenth century tended to be more politically radical than skilled workers.

Question 39

The French socialist Jean Jaurès was convinced that socialism could be established only by revolutionary violence.

Question 40

The influential German socialist, Eduard Bernstein, urged socialists to cooperate with capitalists to achieve immediate benefits for workers.

Question 41

The Dreyfus Affair was a defeat for French republicanism.

Question 42

Nineteenth century anti-Semitism was especially strong in Central and Eastern Europe.

Question 43

Theodore Herzl, a nineteenth century Hungarian Jewish writer, rejected the idea of Zionism.

Question 44

Emmeline Pankhurst succeeded in persuading the British Parliament to enact female suffrage on the eve of World War I.

Question 45

Many early imperialists assumed that colonies in Africa and Asia would lead to a major growth of European trade to those areas.

Question 46

International prestige was only a minor motive for imperialism.

Question 47

The British occupation of the Cape of Good Hope set off the scramble for Africa.

Question 48

In Africa, European powers respected the traditional tribal governing units.

Question 49

For Britain, the great economic prize of imperialism was India.

Question 50

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, China had little interest in trade with Europe.

Question 51

The Boxer Rebellion in China was directed against the ruling Qing (Ch'ing) dynasty.

Question 52

Japan, by quickly adopting western technology, had become an imperialist power by 1904, defeating both China and Russia.

Question 53

One of the unfortunate legacies of imperialism was the distortion caused by making non-western economies serve European economic needs.

Question 54

The political party in Britain that enacted the Reform Bill of 1867 was the ________.

Question 55

The French government in the period 1870-1914 is usually called the ________.

Question 56

Bismarck's espousal of accident, sickness and old-age benefits was part of his attack on the ________.

Question 57

Reacting against the assassination of his father, the Russian Tsar Alexander III repressed all liberal and democratic movements and in nationalistic matters, began a policy of enforced ________.

Question 58

The unionization of the 1880s organized the previously unorganized ________ workers.

Question 59

Aiding the British Liberal Party in restricting the powers of the House of Lords was the ________ Party.

Question 60

A united French socialist party was formed under the leadership of ________.

Question 61

Officially, the German Social Democratic Party was Marxist and revolutionary, but in practice it adopted the revisionist socialism of ________ who urged cooperation with capitalists to gain benefits for workers.

Question 62

The philosophy that all government authority should be abolished is called ________.

Question 63

The acquittal of Dreyfus in France was a victory for the forces of ________.

Question 64

The part of Europe most affected by anti-Semitism promoted by the government was ________.

Question 65

The nationalist movement formed by the nineteenth century Hungarian Jewish writer Theodore Herzl is called ________.

Question 66

A major, radical leader of the British women's suffrage movement was ________.

Question 67

The process by which Europeans took control over large parts of Asia and Africa in the late nineteenth century is called ________.

Question 68

European imperial expansions in the late nineteenth century were directed at the continents of________ and Africa.

Question 69

A major engineering feat that cut thousands of miles from sailing distances between Europe and Asia was the ________.

Question 70

The African country whose bankruptcy helped trigger the scramble for Africa was ________.

Question 71

In an important sense, the great imperial prize for Britain was its control of ________.

Question 72

To work for the end of British rule in India, some of the Indian elite formed the _______.

Question 73

In the early nineteenth century, Britain, trying to open Chinese markets, began to sell ________ there.

Question 74

Encouraged by the Empress of China, a major uprising, the ________, broke out against foreigners in China.

Question 75

The major change in Japanese government in the second half of the nineteenth century is called the________.

Question 76

By 1904 Japan had developed enough industrial power to defeat a European country, ________.

Question 77

According to the text, what factors accelerated the spread of democratic feeling in late nineteenth century Europe? How did these factors apply to Britain and France?

Question 78

Why were some groups still left out of the European political arena in to 1914?

Question 79

What problems did socialists and anarchists perceive in late nineteenth century European states? How realistic were their analyses and solutions to these problems?

Question 80

Was there truly a progress in democracy in late nineteenth century Europe? Illustrate with examples.