Deck 1: Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behavior

Question 1

A key feature of organizations is that their members have a defined and agreed upon collective sense of purpose.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

One key feature of organizations is that they are collective entities.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Stakeholders of an organization are shareholders, customers, suppliers, governments, and any other groups that affect or are affected by the company's objectives and actions.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Organizational efficiency is considered the ultimate dependent variable in the study of organizational behavior.

Question 5

Inclusive organizations value diversity as an important resource.

Question 6

Deep-level diversity can be seen in an individual's beliefs, values, and attitudes.

Question 7

To improve work-life integration through "boundary setting," some companies prohibit work-related communication after the regular workday.

Question 8

How clearly employees understand their job duties is a function of their abilities.

Question 9

Presenteeism occurs when employees show up for work when ill or occupied by personal problems.

Question 10

Which of these statements is true about the field of organizational behavior?

A) It examines how individuals and teams in organizations relate to one another and to their counterparts in other organizations.
B) OB researchers systematically study various topics at one level of analysis rather than at multiple levels.
C) Information technology has almost no effect on organizational behavior.
D) The field of organizational behavior relies exclusively on ideas generated within the field by organizational behavior scholars.
E) The origins of organizational behavior are traced mainly to the field of economics.

Question 11

What is the most important ingredient in the transformations of inputs to outputs?

A) financial resources
B) raw materials
C) human capital
D) shareholder dividends
E) equipment

Question 12

In order for something to be called an organization,

A) it must have a building.
B) it must have equipment.
C) it must consist of people who work interdependently.
D) it must have government documentation.
E) it must make a product.

Question 13

Organizational behavior emerged as a distinct field

A) in the early 1940s.
B) in the 1770s.
C) in the early 1900s.
D) around 500 BC.
E) in the 1970s.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding "collective sense of purpose" is correct?

A) An organization's collective sense of purpose is always written in its mission statement.
B) An organization's collective sense of purpose is set by the Board of Directors.
C) An organization's collective sense of purpose is not written as everyone in the organization knows and understands it.
D) An organization's collective sense of purpose isn't always well defined or agreed on.
E) An organization's collective sense of purpose is voted on by its shareholders.

Question 15

The ________ emphasized the study of employee attitudes and informal group dynamics in the workplace.

A) organizational development school of business
B) human relations school of management
C) anchor of knowledge school of sociology
D) organizational effectiveness school of information systems
E) study of self school of psychology

Question 16

What is considered the "ultimate dependent variable" in the study of organizational behavior?

A) organizational efficiency
B) organizational effectiveness
C) organizational profitability
D) organizational lifespan
E) organizational politics

Question 17

Organizational behavior theories are used to

A) state personal beliefs about the work environment.
B) adopt accurate models of workplace behavior.
C) increase anxiety in the workplace.
D) incite curiosity about the organization.
E) focus on efficiency rather than effectiveness

Question 18

Organizational behavior knowledge is for

A) managers.
B) employees.
C) consumers
D) everyone.
E) stakeholders.

Question 19

Investment experts have found that leadership and employee attitudes ________ when predicting which companies will have the highest and most consistent long-term investment gains.

A) are important positive screens
B) have minimal relevance
C) are the only factors to consider
D) are too ambiguous and inconsistent
E) can have a negative effect

Question 20

At Clickz, an American photography magazine firm, more than half of the senior management positions are held by women. African Americans represent 40 percent of the company's workforce. The description of Clickz's diversity refers to ________ diversity.

A) deep-level
B) psychological
C) personality
D) surface-level
E) attitude

Question 21

Recent evidence suggests that ________ employment relationships tend to produce higher work quality, innovation, and agility.

A) indirect
B) contracted
C) offshore
D) direct
E) remote

Question 22

Mick works for a company as a financial analyst from home using information technology. He does not work in a traditional physical workplace, rather he is utilizing

A) deep-level diversity.
B) work-life integration
C) remote work
D) surface-level diversity.
E) frictional unemployment.

Question 23

By creating a(n) ________, organizations value people of all diversities and allows them to be themselves.

A) exclusive workplace
B) global presence
C) work-life balance
D) inclusive workplace
E) landscape

Question 24

Which aspect of deep-level diversity is more subtle than the media and popular press suggest?

A) ethnic
B) religious
C) generational
D) gender
E) race

Question 25

A(n) ________ workplace is one that values people of all identities and allows them to be fully themselves while contributing to the organization.

A) diverse
B) balanced
C) inclusive
D) global
E) exclusive

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true about workforce diversity?

A) Informationally diverse teams win awards.
B) Informationally diverse teams tend to make better decisions.
C) Informationally diverse teams have difficulty solving problems.
D) Informationally diverse teams struggle with communication.
E) Informationally diverse teams have a stronger work ethic.

Question 27

Jillian uses her one-hour commute in the morning to prepare for the work day and her one-hour commute home to refocus on family. Jillian is practicing

A) problem-solving.
B) remote work.
C) work-life integration.
D) communication style.
E) organizational skills.

Question 28

People who are self-motivated, organized, and can work effectively with technology are better suited for

A) globalization.
B) telecommuting.
C) organizational behavior.
D) organizational development.
E) flexible scheduling.

Question 29

The statement "theories should not be developed for the sake of being interesting" reflects the ________ anchor of organizational behavior knowledge.

A) practical orientation
B) systematic research
C) multiple levels of analysis
D) contingency
E) multidisciplinary

Question 30

Organizational behavior relies on ________ to represent the principles on which organizational behavior is developed and refined.

A) anchors
B) societal change
C) technology
D) employee relationships
E) investments

Question 31

Systematic research investigation is the basis for

A) globalization.
B) evidence-based management.
C) emerging employment relationships.
D) contingency reports.
E) problem-solving strategies.

Question 32

The best leadership style, the best conflict-handling style, and the best organizational structure are all examples of

A) anchors.
B) research topics.
C) contingencies.
D) disciplines.
E) management styles.

Question 33

Welcoming theories and knowledge from other disciplines is which anchor of organizational behavior?

A) systematic research
B) multidisciplinary
C) contingency
D) multiple levels of analysis
E) effectiveness

Question 34

The ________ anchor states that the effectiveness of an OB practice usually depends on the situation; there is rarely one best solution for all circumstances.

A) practical orientation
B) contingency
C) multidisciplinary
D) multiple levels of analysis
E) effectiveness

Question 35

Which of the following views of organizational effectiveness recognizes that some outputs to the external environment are valuable, but others are undesirable by-products?

A) stakeholder
B) systematic research
C) human capital
D) multidisciplinary
E) open systems

Question 36

In the open systems view, what is the role of subsystems?

A) They provide inputs to the system.
B) They are used to scan the external environment.
C) They transform incoming resources into outputs.
D) They are the output of the system.
E) The open systems view does not include subsystems.

Question 37

The open systems view of organizational behavior states that

A) organizations affect and are affected by their external environments.
B) organizations can operate efficiently by ignoring changes in the external environment.
C) people are the most important organizational input needed for effectiveness.
D) organizations should avoid internal conflicts to achieve efficiency.
E) organizations should be open to internal competition to be able to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage.

Question 38

Which view of organizational sees organization as complex organisms that "live" within an external environment?

A) stakeholders
B) open systems
C) multidisciplinary
D) systematic research
E) human capital

Question 39

According to the open systems view, departments, teams, and technological processes all represent

A) external factors.
B) stakeholders.
C) output.
D) subsystems.
E) anchors.

Question 40

The topic of corporate social responsibility is most closely associated with the ________ perspective.

A) stakeholder
B) systems
C) human capital
D) open systems anchor
E) contingency

Question 41

________ is considered the ultimate dependent variable in organizational behavior.

A) Organizational effectiveness
B) Employee satisfaction
C) Profitability
D) Employee turnover
E) Innovation

Question 42

Which perspective emphasizes the external dependence of organizations?

A) open system
B) closed system
C) HPWP
D) triple bottom line
E) organizational learning

Question 43

In ________, organizations receive feedback from the external environment regarding the value of their outputs, the availability of future inputs, and the appropriateness of the transformation process.

A) good fit
B) open systems
C) organizational effectiveness
D) innovative processes
E) closed systems

Question 44

According to the open systems perspective, effective organizations do all of the following except

A) adapt to the environment.
B) influence the environment.
C) move to a more favorable environment.
D) view subsystems as independent of each other.
E) have efficient transformation processes.

Question 45

Your roommate, Allison Albright, is a non-business major. When she discovered that you are taking a course in Organizational Behavior, she was thoroughly confused as to why one would need to study OB and what it entails. Based on what you have studied, answer the following questions to help Allison obtain knowledge of organizational behavior.

-To help Allison understand some preliminary information about OB, which of these statements about the field is true?

A) Organizational behavior scholars give more importance to individual characteristics than structural characteristics.
B) The field of organizational behavior is independent of the concepts and theories from other fields of inquiry.
C) Organizational behavior emerged as a distinct field late in the 1990s.
D) Given the specific utility of the field, OB is useful for the managers in the organizations but not for the employees.
E) Organizational behavior scholars study what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations.

Question 46

Your roommate, Allison Albright, is a non-business major. When she discovered that you are taking a course in Organizational Behavior, she was thoroughly confused as to why one would need to study OB and what it entails. Based on what you have studied, answer the following questions to help Allison obtain knowledge of organizational behavior.

-Allison should understand that organizational behavior knowledge

A) should never be used to influence the behavior of other people.
B) should be used only by managers and senior executives.
C) should never replace common-sense knowledge about how organizations work.
D) is relevant to everyone who works in organizations.
E) is an independent science that has evolved independently.

Question 47

Your roommate, Allison Albright, is a non-business major. When she discovered that you are taking a course in Organizational Behavior, she was thoroughly confused as to why one would need to study OB and what it entails. Based on what you have studied, answer the following questions to help Allison obtain knowledge of organizational behavior.

-Allison thinks that organization is the same as an organism. However, in the field of organizational behavior, organizations are best described as

A) legal entities that must abide by government regulations and pay taxes.
B) physical structures with observable capital equipment.
C) social entities with a publicly stated set of formal goals.
D) groups of people who work interdependently towards some purpose.
E) any social entity with profit-centered motives and objectives.

Question 48

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-Bob is considering the idea of implementing remote work at Tricky Toys. Which of the following is an advantage of this work arrangement?

A) reduced employee stress
B) larger markets
C) greater demand for firm's products
D) enhanced employee recognition
E) ability to recognize the value of new information

Question 49

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-According to the MARS model, which of the following directly influences an employee's voluntary behavior and performance?

A) role perceptions
B) moral intensity
C) corporate social responsibility
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) income

Question 50

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-Which of the following identifies the four factors that directly influence individual behavior and performance?

A) utilitarianism
B) MARS model
C) Schwartz's model
D) Five Factor model
E) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Question 51

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-________ are external to the individual but still affect his or her behavior and performance.

A) Motivations
B) Role perceptions
C) Situational factors
D) Abilities
E) Resolutions

Question 52

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-________ represent(s) the forces within a person that affect the direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior.

A) Motivation
B) Personality
C) Values
D) Ethics
E) Ability

Question 53

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-Motivation affects a person's ________ of voluntary behavior.

A) direction, intensity, and persistence
B) antecedents, consequences, and reinforcers
C) size, shape, and weight
D) aptitudes, abilities, and competencies
E) agreeableness, locus of control, and ethical sensitivity

Question 54

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-Which of the following refers to the fact that motivation is goal-directed, not random?

A) persistence
B) direction
C) intensity
D) aptitude
E) competencies

Question 55

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-If a student put a lot of effort into getting an A in their Organizational Behavior class, they would score high on ________

A) persistence.
B) direction.
C) intensity.
D) aptitude.
E) competencies

Question 56

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-Which of the following refers to the natural talents that help employees learn specific tasks more quickly and perform them better?

A) persistence levels
B) direction
C) intensity
D) aptitude
E) commitment

Question 57

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-Which of the following concepts consists of aptitudes, skills, and competencies?

A) motivation
B) personality
C) values
D) ethics
E) ability

Question 58

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-The MARS model added role perceptions to which earlier model of individual behavior?

A) input-transformation-output
B) ability-motivation-opportunity
C) motivation-perception-behavior
D) ability-motivation-perception
E) aptitude-ability-competence

Question 59

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-Travel Happy Corporation gives simple accounts to newly hired employees and then adds more challenging accounts as employees master the simple tasks. Travel Happy is using

A) inaccurate role perceptions.
B) person-job matching.
C) motivational persistence.
D) situational factors.
E) improving employee aptitudes.

Question 60

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-You have just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources; however, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. According to the MARS model, these new employees will likely

A) emphasize the utilitarianism principle in their decision making.
B) have lower job performance due to poor role perceptions.
C) have high job performance because they are motivated and able to perform the work.
D) have above-average organizational citizenship.
E) have a high degree of differentiation according to Holland's classification of occupations.

Question 61

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-_________ refer(s) to a person's beliefs about what behaviors are appropriate or necessary in a particular situation.

A) Natural aptitudes
B) Role perceptions
C) Competencies
D) Locus of control
E) Situational factors

Question 62

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-To reduce the amount of non-recyclable waste that employees throw out each day, a major computer company removed containers for non-recyclable rubbish from each office and workstation. This altered employee behavior mainly by

A) increasing employee motivation to be less wasteful.
B) helping employees to learn how to be less wasteful.
C) altering situational factors so that employees have more difficulty practicing wasteful behavior.
D) increasing aptitudes that make employees less wasteful.
E) increasing organizational citizenship so that employees will be less wasteful.

Question 63

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-The elements of motivation can be viewed from the metaphor of driving a car. In this metaphor, how long you drive the vehicle towards your destination refers to the motivation element of

A) clarity.
B) intensity.
C) persistence.
D) situational contingencies.
E) direction.

Question 64

As an owner and manager of Tricky Toys, Bob Baldwin has been fascinated by all the changes occurring and transforming the workplace. Bob is concerned about the important OB trends that he can understand and take advantage of in developing and positioning his company in the marketplace.

-When employees understand the priority of their various tasks and performance expectations, they have role

A) clarity.
B) ambiguity.
C) perception.
D) responsibility.
E) motivation.

Question 65

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-Dave organizes a training program for his employees to teach them how to operate the machines used for working. Which of the following attributes will show a direct improvement because of this training?

A) motivation
B) role perception
C) ethical sensitivity
D) moral intensity
E) ability

Question 66

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-According to the MARS model, the new employees Dave has hired will likely

A) emphasize the utilitarianism principle in their decision making.
B) have lower job performance due to poor role perceptions.
C) have better job performance because they are motivated and able to perform the work.
D) have above-average organizational citizenship.
E) have a high degree of differentiation according to Holland's classification of occupations.

Question 67

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-________ refers to goal-directed behaviors under the individual's control that support organizational objectives.

A) Organizational citizenship
B) Counterproductive behavior
C) Task performance
D) Maintaining attendance
E) Intensity

Question 68

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-Assisting coworkers with their work problems, adjusting work schedules to accommodate coworkers, and showing genuine courtesy toward coworkers are some of the forms of

A) role perception.
B) counterproductive behavior.
C) task performance.
D) organizational citizenship.
E) job matching.

Question 69

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-Lawrence stole a clock from his workplace. Which of the following refers to Lawrence's activity?

A) productive behavior
B) counterproductive behavior
C) task performance
D) organizational citizenship behavior
E) job matching

Question 70

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-Presenteeism is exhibited in all the following ways except

A) coming to work when ill.
B) reporting to work even if injured.
C) coming to work when the employee is preoccupied by personal problems.
D) when an absence would immediately affect many people.
E) coming to work when an employee faces dangerous conditions to get to work.

Question 71

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-Which profession is most likely to report to work when ill?

A) lawyer
B) teacher
C) administrative assistant
D) human resources director
E) physician

Question 72

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-What is an organization's main source of competitive advantage?

A) employee turnover
B) human capital
C) relationships with coworkers
D) team development
E) external stakeholders

Question 73

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-Examples of ________ include harassing coworkers, creating unnecessary conflicts, and sabotaging work.

A) organizational citizenship behaviors
B) task performance measures
C) counterproductive work behaviors
D) redundant behaviors
E) illicit behaviors

Question 74

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.

-What are maintaining attendance, organizational citizenship, and counterproductive behavior all types of?

A) task performance
B) individual behavior
C) personal motivation
D) role perceptions
E) situational factors