Deck 13: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social grace. She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets, regardless of whether the setting is the classroom, her workplace, a restaurant, or her own home. Since Octavia has a fairly stable way of relating to other people, we can say that her behavior is probably

A) related to her desire for achievement.
B) a manifestation of a personality trait.
C) a manifestation of her superego.
D) due to the Electra complex.

Answer 1

a manifestation of a personality trait.

Question 2

Dr. Drust's new client, Nairi, has been struggling with depression and is aware that she has lost the ability to convey much emotional range. She has lost interest in activities that she once enjoyed, her appetite has decreased, her grades are suffering, and she struggles with insomnia. Dr. Drust assures Nairi that he can help her. When he writes up his notes after the session, he observes that she had "flat affect"during the session. He means that Nairi

A) didn't show much emotion.
B) will probably be difficult to work with.
C) is not sleeping well.
D) is having trouble in school.

Answer 2

didn't show much emotion.

Question 3

Oberon has always been fascinated by fire, so he decides to become a firefighter. The job is extremely fulfilling for him: He gets to spend his days saving people from fires that might have hurt them or damaged their belongings, and he even wins an award for being fearless in hazardous situations. Freud would probably say that Oberon's fascination with fire

A) is due to fixation in the phallic psychosexual stage.
B) has been sublimated into a socially desirable behavior.
C) is symbolic of the superego.
D) is an example of the Oedipal complex.

Answer 3

has been sublimated into a socially desirable behavior.

Question 4

Sigmund Freud's mother was significantly younger than his father, and because she believed Sigmund was special, she doted on him. He adored her and felt jealous of the "grown-up"sorts of attention she paid his father. As an adult, Sigmund wrote that his father was a tyrant, and he fantasized about taking his father's place in his mother's life. This suggests that Sigmund Freud actually had a/an

A) Electra complex.
B) malfunctioning set of defense mechanisms.
C) oral fixation.
D) Oedipal complex.

Question 5

Thirty-eight-year-old Evelyn believes nearly everything others tell her and prefers others to make decisions for her. She has a tendency to indulge in unhealthful activities like smoking, overeating, and biting her fingernails. Freud would say that Evelyn has a/an

A) Electra complex.
B) malfunctioning set of defense mechanisms.
C) oral fixation.
D) Oedipal complex.

Question 6

Cerys notices that J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings stories have several elements in common with other stories and mythologies. What interests him most in the story is the importance of the One Ring, a ring that seems to symbolize different characters' search for wholeness and completion but which also triggers dark parts of each character's personality. Jung would probably say that the circle of the One Ring is a/an

A) manifestation of the superego.
B) personal fable.
C) object relation.
D) mandala.

Question 7

Udo's professor explains that children create internal representations of other people, which then become working models for all their later relationships. Choosing life partners, then, is a matter of picking someone who fits the familiar blueprint. Udo's professor is using __________ theory toexplain relationship development.

A) Jungian
B) object relations
C) attachment
D) Adlerian

Question 8

When Acacia goes through the checkout line at her local grocer, the cashier asks if she would like to donate money to a particular charity. Though Acacia likes to support charities, she has been struggling financially and does not feel strongly about the issue she is being asked to support with a donation. In spite of this, she considers herself to be a good and kind person and believes that refusing to contribute to a charity is a selfish thing to do. As a result, she agrees to donate. The cognitive categories into which Acacia sorts different behaviors are called

A) thought drawers.
B) mind maps.
C) consistency traps.
D) personal constructs.

Question 9

Alyssa has a poor self-concept. She doesn't feel that she can do anything right, and when something good does happen, she attributes it to luck. Based on what we know about congruence, when Alyssa is offered a promotion at the office, she is most likely to tell herself,

A) "Wow! If the boss thinks I deserve a promotion, I must be good at something after all!"
B) "The boss just feels sorry for me, and nobody else wanted the job."
C) "I just got a lucky break, but I'm going to use it to prove that I can do a better job with the position than anyone else."
D) "I will have to give the boss some of my paycheck for helping me out like that."

Question 10

Because Magda has poor self-esteem, she has never really bothered to apply herself to school, justassuming that she wouldn't do very well. Nonetheless, her grades were solid enough for her to startcollege. The school she chose requires her to take an arts elective. Because she secretly enjoys writingpoetry, she signs up for a poetry-writing class. In it the students are required to read their work aloud,and after Magda reads her first poem, several students compliment her on her writing. How are thecompliments likely to affect Magda's self-esteem?

A) Positive feedback from others almost always significantly increases one's self-esteem and allows the receiver to see herself or himself in new ways.
B) Positive feedback from others actually makes those with low self-esteem feel worse, because they always believe others are making fun of them.
C) Though those with low self-esteem do accept positive feedback from others, the feedback doesn't have the same positive effects it does on those with high self-esteem.
D) How the feedback will affect Magda's self-esteem will be dependent on whether she scores high or low in the openness personality factor of the Big Five theory

Question 11

Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social grace. She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets, regardless of whether the setting is the classroom, her workplace, a restaurant, or her own home. Based on this information and relying on the Five Factor model, we can say that she would be most likely to score high in

A) agreeableness.
B) neuroticism.
C) openness.
D) conscientiousness.

Question 12

Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social grace. She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets, regardless of whether the setting is the classroom, her workplace, a restaurant, or her own home. When others ask her secret, she credits her sensitivity to others' moods and her ability to adapt to them. In other words, Octavia is

A) high in self-monitoring.
B) neurotic.
C) relying on sublimation.
D) operating based on the reality principle.

Question 13

Marco enjoys meeting new people and learning all about them. He is patient and good at seeing the world from others' viewpoints. Because he loves children's enthusiasm and energy, he decides to major in elementary education. Like all extroverts, Marco seeks __________ situations, because theytend to __________ him.

A) stimulating; energize
B) calming; energize
C) stimulating; exhaust
D) calming; exhaust

Question 14

Jedediah's friends have asked him to accompany them on a trip overseas. Though Jedediah is interested in going, he has been saving money to go back to school. "If I go on this trip,"he thinks, "I won't have enough money to enter graduate school for at least another year."This kind of if-then link is represented by

A) phenomenology.
B) self-efficacy.
C) reciprocal determinism.
D) behavior-outcome expectancies.

Question 15

Although Fahd generally considers himself a strong, capable person, sudden and unexpected unemployment leaves him feeling afraid and helpless. He is suddenly unable to make decisions about everyday problems and often feels like crying. The urge to call his parents and ask for help is nearly overwhelming. Freud would say that Fahd has __________, due to stressful demands that haveexceeded his abilities to cope.

A) sublimated
B) used a reaction formation
C) regressed
D) fixated

Question 16

Kathy's second-grade class goes on a field trip to a hospital, where they meet Dr. Linda Palben and her assistant, a nurse who introduces himself as Jasper Hanson. When she returns home that night, Kathy tells her parents she is confused. She thought that doctors were always supposed to be men and nurses women. Kathy's confusion is a result of her

A) collectivist culture.
B) affect.
C) self-verification.
D) gender schemas.

Question 17

Selma's teachers believe she may be struggling with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),so her mother, father, and teachers are all asked to meet with the school psychologist to answerthe same set of specific questions. Based on this information, the school psychologist is using a/an__________, as part of the assessment.

A) projective instrument
B) structured interview
C) personality test
D) behavioral assessment

Question 18

Dr. Vartan shows his client, Dallas, 12 different pictures and asks him to tell a story about each one. When Dallas has looked at all the cards, the two of them review the stories together, looking for recurrent themes. Dallas has just taken the

A) Rorschach.
B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).
D) NEO-PI.