Deck 6: Consciousness

Question 1

Hannah is unable to recognize objects visually. For example, when she sees an apple, she can't say what it is. She can't verbalize the size, shape, or orientation of objects, but if she is allowed to touch them, she knows what they are. Hannah has

A) visual agnosia.
B) had a postural shift.
C) aphasia.
D) a modular mind.

Answer 1

visual agnosia.

Question 2

Masahiro doesn't get along with his new manager, but he pretends he does, even to himself. One day, Masahiro's wife points out that he has been picking fights with her since his new boss joined the company and suggests that he's actually angry with his boss. In other words, she is suggesting that Masahiro is using __________ to deal with his feelings for his boss.

A) a defense mechanism
B) synesthesia
C) perception
D) olfaction

Answer 2

a defense mechanism

Question 3

Pietro's professor says that although many animals' behaviors are governed wholly by instinct, human beings have choices about what to do in any given situation. Thanks to evolution, humans have self-awareness, the ability to plan, and an ability to reflect on the possible courses of a given action. These abilities are components of a larger framework we call

A) priming.
B) the preconscious.
C) consciousness.
D) delta.

Answer 3

consciousness.

Question 4

Barbara hasn't ridden a bicycle in years, but when she sees on television a bike with handlebar streamers and playing cards in the spokes, she remembers learning to ride her best friend's bike. The childhood memory of learning to ride a bike has moved from Barbara's __________ to her__________.

A) unconscious; conscious
B) conscious; preconscious
C) preconscious; conscious
D) unconscious; preconscious

Question 5

Because we learn to do familiar tasks automatically, we can focus our time and energy on other things. The problem with always relying on automatic processing is that

A) we become automatons.
B) we reduce our chances of finding new or more efficient ways to approach problems.
C) the brain can literally get stuck, leading to mental illness.
D) our circadian rhythms can be affected.

Question 6

Devondra's older sister can tie her shoelaces without even looking down. Devondra knows that eventually she will be able to do the same thing, but until then she has to use conscious attention and effort; that is, __________ to tie her shoes.

A) automatic processing,
B) circadian processing,
C) controlled processing,
D) suprachiasmatic processing,

Question 7

Jermain has a rare condition that keeps him from recognizing his own face in the mirror. His memory is intact, and he is able to name objects, but he can't identify faces. Jermain has

A) prosopagnosia.
B) dyspnea.
C) apraxia.
D) ecchymosis.

Question 8

Vanessa sustained damage to the left hemisphere of her brain and now is blind in the right half of her visual field. If a shape is flashed in her right visual field, she reports that she cannot see it; however, when asked to guess the shape, she is almost always right. Vanessa has

A) blindsight.
B) ecchymosis.
C) visual agnosia.
D) synesthesia.

Question 9

Though Patrizia knows that the store-brand cereal's contents are the same as the brand-name cereal's contents, she can never bring herself to buy the generic product even though it's cheaper. Without knowing why, she has a more positive feeling toward the brand-name product. Patrizia has probably been subject to __________ by advertisements.

A) blindsight
B) prosopagnosia
C) repression
D) priming

Question 10

As a result of brain damage, D.F. cannot recognize the faces of her relatives and friends or identifycommon objects. Though she can't perceive the differences among various objects, she can maneuvera room without bumping into anything and when asked to insert an object into a rectangular slot, sheis able to do so. Why is D.F. able to maneuver her environment even though she cannot consciouslyrecognize objects?

A) D.F. has a conversion disorder.
B) D.F. is malingering.
C) Humans have multiple brain pathways for processing visual information.
D) Humans develop a sixth sense when something is wrong with one of the other five.

Question 11

Vince prefers to take classes later in the day and feels he is most productive in the afternoon and evening. His friend, Francesca, prefers to go to bed early and get up early, and she claims to feel more productive in the morning. Vince's and Francesca's preferences may be regulated by biological cycles called

A) circadian rhythms.
B) narcolepsy.
C) activation synthesis.
D) automatic processing.

Question 12

Yves always has problems with depression during the winter: He feels sadder than normal and is unusually tired when he gets up for the day. His problems always subside in the spring. His physician suggests that Yves buy a lightbox so he can expose himself to bright artificial light each day. This treatment approach is called

A) phototherapy.
B) the theta approach.
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) cycle therapy.

Question 13

Jason lives in New York and is going to California for the first time. He has always preferred to stay up late at night and get up late in the morning. Since he normally goes to bed at three

A) phototherapy
B) circadian rhythms
C) the pons
D) Wernicke's area

Question 14

During REM sleep, Angela often sleepwalks. If her parents speak to her, she answers, but in themorning she denies any memory of being up. Assuming Angela is really sleepwalking, this is unusualbehavior for the REM stage of sleep, because

A) the brain waves during REM sleep are always slow.
B) normally sleep paralysis would keep her in her bed.
C) REM shuts down the verbal centers of the brain.
D) REM is not one of the dreaming stages of sleep.

Question 15

Studies show that activity decreases in the prefrontal cortex during REM. Among other things, the prefrontal cortex is responsible for planning and logical thinking. Researchers think this may affect dream content by

A) reducing our ability to process imagined colors.
B) providing us with a temporary sixth sense.
C) allowing dreams to be illogical and bizarre.
D) increasing the release of melatonin.

Question 16

Iris considers herself a procrastinator who routinely leaves assignments until the last minute. As finalsweek approaches, she realizes she has several projects due and will not have time to sleep if she hopes to get them all done. Sleep deprivation is likely to affect her critical thinking skills in that she is likely to perform __________ someone who is rested.

A) more poorly than
B) better than
C) at the same level as
D) We don't know. The effects of sleep deprivation are different from person to person.

Question 17

Twila has no problems going to sleep at night, but she wakes up often during the night and considerably earlier than she would like to each morning. She does not feel rested when she gets up for the day, and since the problem has existed for weeks, her job performance is being affected. What is Twila's problem?

A) narcolepsy
B) insomnia
C) sleep apnea
D) a REM-sleep behavior disorder

Question 18

Theresa's mother and father have come to visit her for the holidays. Unfortunately, her father snores loudly and is keeping her awake. She notices that from time to time his breathing stops completely and then restarts. Her father may have

A) narcolepsy.
B) a REM-sleep behavior disorder.
C) night terrors.
D) sleep apnea.

Question 19

Ethan dreams that one of his teachers is giving a test, and he has forgotten to study. When he getsto math class the next day, his teacher announces a pop quiz. Ethan wonders if he might be psychic.Which of the following is most likely to be true?

A)Given the statistical probability of a dream and a life event coinciding, some dreams will seem to come true by sheer coincidence.
B) The content of Ethan's dream may have been influenced by ongoing events in his life (e.g., knowing his teacher gives pop quizzes, knowing he had math class the next day).
C) The dream and the real experience were not exactly the same, so the idea that Ethan is psychic isn't very accurate.
D) all of these

Question 20

Melek's sister has developed schizophrenia. Her psychiatrist explains that positive symptoms, which include hallucinations and delusions, are associated with overactivity of the dopamine system. The psychiatrist prescribes an antipsychotic which will block the activity of dopamine. This means that the antipsychotic is a/an

A) agonist.
B) antagonist.
C) neuroleptic.
D) amphetamine.

Question 21

Leona's friends assure her that marijuana can't hurt her, so she doesn't feel bad about smoking it. Then one day she sees a documentary on television and learns that marijuana

A) can impair reaction time, thinking, memory, learning, and driving skills.
B) smoke contains more cancer-causing agents than does cigarette smoke.
C) users may experience negative changes in mood, sensory distortion, and feelings of panic and anxiety.
D) all of these

Question 22

Daniel is trying to quit smoking, but he has been unsuccessful so far. He decides to try hypnotherapy. During the session, the therapist tells Daniel that he will feel nauseated by the idea of smoking a cigarette the next time he sees one. When Daniel gets in his car to go home, he pulls out his pack of cigarettes and immediately feels queasy. Which of the following is true?

A) Hypnosis is a state of heightened suggestibility that can affect subjective experiences.
B) Hypnosis is not a legitimate therapeutic intervention in psychology.
C) People never remember what went on during a hypnosis session.
D) all of these

Question 23

Naomi witnessed a hit-and-run accident but couldn't give the police any details about the vehicle. Under hypnosis, Naomi is able to provide the make and color of the car as well as several numbers in the license plate. Unfortunately, this information is inaccessible in court because

A) when hypnotized, the body is in slow-wave sleep.
B) information stored during emotional events is not accessible to hypnotic techniques.
C) hypnosis has not been studied scientifically.
D) the increased suggestibility of hypnosis makes her memory vulnerable to distortion.

Question 24

Haroun is skeptical about the idea that hypnosis is a special dissociated state of consciousness. Hebelieves that people are conforming to the expectations of the situation which leads them to perceivehypnotic experiences as real and involuntary. Haroun believes in which theory?

A) antidissociative
B) social-cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) Hilgard