Deck 11: Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle

Question 1

A full-term infant is born

A) weighing less than 5.5 lbs.
B) less than 17 inches long.
C) from 38 to 42 weeks' gestation.
D) prior to the full development of the respiratory system.

Answer 1

from 38 to 42 weeks' gestation.

Question 2

In which trimester of pregnancy is the placenta formed?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Answer 2

first

Question 3

During the first trimester, women are advised to gain no more than

A) 5 pounds.
B) 10 pounds.
C) 15 pounds.
D) 20 pounds.

Answer 3

5 pounds.

Question 4

During the second and third trimesters, the daily caloric needs of a pregnant woman increase by as much as

A) 150 kcal.
B) 450 kcal.
C) 550 kcal.
D) 750 kcal.

Question 5

To minimize the risk of contracting a food-borne illness during pregnancy, pregnant women should avoid

A) all fish.
B) sushi and raw oysters and clams.
C) pasteurized milk and juice.
D) ham and other cold cuts.

Question 6

Which of the following nutrients would be the most difficult for a pregnant vegan to obtain from diet alone?

A) folate
B) sodium
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 7

A normal-weight woman should expect to gain no more than how many pounds of body weight during pregnancy?

A) 15
B) 20
C) 35
D) 40

Question 8

The most common cause of blindness in the elderly is

A) cataracts.
B) macular degeneration.
C) diabetes.
D) accidents.

Question 9

Sofia is three months pregnant. Prior to becoming pregnant she consumed approximately 54 grams of protein a day. How many grams of protein does she need to consume now?

A) 54 grams
B) 65 grams
C) 79 grams
D) 92 grams

Question 10

During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of a mother increase by how many kcal?

A) 150
B) 330
C) 550
D) 730

Question 11

Milk that is rich in protein and antibodies and produced in the first few days of lactation is termed

A) hindmilk.
B) colostrum.
C) final milk.
D) foremilk.

Question 12

At birth Baby Molly weighs 7 pounds. If her growth and development are normal, what would you expect Molly to weigh at her first birthday?

A) 14 pounds
B) 18 pounds
C) 21 pounds
D) 30 pounds

Question 13

The solid food most commonly introduced first to infants is

A) iron-fortified rice cereal.
B) strained vegetables.
C) strained fruit.
D) strained meat.

Question 14

Overreliance on breast milk or formula in children over age six months can result in

A) rickets.
B) dehydration.
C) milk anemia.
D) hypocalcemia.

Question 15

Toddlers should consume up to how many of their total Calories from fat?

A) 15
B) 35
C) 40
D) 50

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a reason that children under one year of age should avoid drinking whole cow's milk?

A) Cow's milk high protein content is difficult for infants to digest.
B) Cow's milk is too low in fat to support the development of the infant's nervous system.
C) Cow's milk vitamin and mineral balance is inadequate for infants.
D) Cow's milk is too high in sodium for infants.

Question 17

Janie is three years old. Now that she is no longer a toddler, which of the following does she need proportionally more of?

A) fats
B) carbohydrates
C) protein
D) breast milk

Question 18

After a growth spurt, an adolescent's height may increase on average by as much as

A) 10%.
B) 25%.
C) 35%.
D) 45%.

Question 19

The Adequate Intake (AI) fluid recommendations for adolescents are

A) 8 cups for boys and girls.
B) 11 cups for boys and girls.
C) 11 cups for boys and 8 cups for girls.
D) 8 cups for boys and 11 cups for girls.

Question 20

Which of the following is generally NOT a nutrient of concern during adolescence?

A) vitamin C
B) calcium
C) iron
D) vitamin A

Question 21

During adolescence, girls tend to gain comparatively more of what than boys?

A) weight
B) muscle mass
C) bone mass
D) fat

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a physiological change that typically occurs with aging?

A) decreased production of saliva
B) decreased bone density
C) decreased fat mass
D) decreased sense of taste

Question 23

How does inadequate intake of vitamins B₆ and B₁₂ affect older adults?

A) impairs functioning of immune system
B) lowers absorption rate of dietary calcium
C) leads to loss of bone density
D) increases the risks of heart disease and dementia

Question 24

Which organ provides nutrients to and removes wastes from the developing fetus?

A) placenta
B) maternal liver
C) amniotic fluid
D) fetal spinal cord

Question 25

The abnormal craving for nonfood items, such as clay and chalk, is known as

A) bulimia.
B) Crohn's disease.
C) gestational diabetes.
D) pica.

Question 26

Insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance during pregnancy can result in the condition known as

A) pica.
B) gestational diabetes.
C) type 1 diabetes.
D) type 2 diabetes.

Question 27

Which of the following is characterized in healthy infants by inconsolable crying for hours at a time?

A) milk anemia
B) spina bifida
C) colic
D) pica

Question 28

Between the ages of three and thirteen, a typically developing child can expect a yearly growth rate of up to

A) 1 inch.
B) 4 inches.
C) 5 inches.
D) 6 inches.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the proteins in breast milk?

A) They include antibodies that prevent infection.
B) They are easily digested.
C) They are high in iron.
D) They prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.

Question 30

Children should be physically active for at least how many hour(s) a day?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 31

The life stage in which adolescence begins is known as

A) perimenopause.
B) menopause.
C) senescence.
D) puberty.

Question 32

Which of the following terms refers to periods of accelerated physical growth in humans?

A) spurts
B) spans
C) lines
D) rings

Question 33

Older Americans account for 40% of adverse drug effects, in part due to

A) vision loss or distortion.
B) polypharmacy.
C) increasing rates of obesity among the elderly.
D) increasing rates of surgical complications among the elderly.

Question 34

Osteoporosis-related bone fractures occur in

A) 25% of adolescent girls.
B) 50% of middle-aged women.
C) 55% of men and women over age 50.
D) 75% of men and women over age 50.

Question 35

Which nutrient is generally NOT a concern for vegan children?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin B₁₂
D) zinc

Question 36

How does a man's nutrition status affect sperm health?

A) High folate intake increases sperm defects.
B) High antioxidant intake impairs sperm motility.
C) Obese men have sperm that is high in omega-3 fatty acids.
D) Obese men have low sperm counts.

Question 37

Since the 1970s, obesity rates in school-aged children have

A) remained constant.
B) decreased by 12%.
C) increased by 22%.
D) more than doubled.

Question 38

What is an appropriate serving of food for Jack, an active two-year-old?

A) 1/2 cup of cubed tofu
B) 2 oz. of black beans
C) 2 tbsp. of rice
D) 4 oz. of cubed chicken

Question 39

What physiological change puts older adults at greater risk of dehydration?

A) inability of kidneys to concentrate waste products
B) increased saliva production
C) decrease in liver function
D) increased absorption of vitamin A

Question 40

Miscarriages are most common during the second trimester.

Question 41

Only a small minority of women (< 5%) experience morning sickness during pregnancy.

Question 42

Well-planned vegetarian diets are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Question 43

Caffeine and alcohol can readily enter breast milk.

Question 44

Children under age one should not be given formula derived from cow's milk.

Question 45

The precise cause of colic is not fully known.

Question 46

New foods should be presented to infants one at a time, and infants should be monitored for allergic reactions for at least 4-5 hours before introducing additional new foods.

Question 47

Due to blood loss via the menstrual cycle, adolescent girls require more iron than do adolescent boys.

Question 48

Eliminating chocolate and fried foods from the diet has been shown to be more effective than prescription medications for treating acne.

Question 49

An intrinsic factor is any substance that causes a birth defect in the developing fetus.

Question 50

The neural tube differentiates into the fetus's brain and spinal cord.

Question 51

Clinical eating disorders usually begin before early childhood, when toddlers begin to display picky eating behaviors.

Question 52

Breast-fed babies have a lower risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Question 53

Discuss why folate is crucial during pregnancy.

Question 54

Describe a healthy diet for pregnant women.

Question 55

Research has found that small animals fed a low-Calorie diet experience an extended life span.

Question 56

The lack of dietary iron is the major cause of pica in pregnant women.

Question 57

The practice of caloric restriction to extend life span involves

A) eating just the amount of Calories the body needs to maintain current weight.
B) reducing Calories by 5 to 10% of what the body needs to maintain current weight.
C) reducing Calories by 20 to 30% of what the body needs to maintain current weight.
D) eating enough Calories to lose one pound of fat a month.

Question 58

During a fast, glycogen stores are depleted after approximately how many hours?

A) two
B) six
C) twelve
D) twenty-four

Question 59

Discuss the associations between children's school performance and whether or not they eat breakfast.

Question 60

Identify the positive and negative metabolic effects of caloric restriction and evaluate whether the practice is a safe and effective approach to extending the human lifespan.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a reported side-effect of practicing caloric restriction?

A) increased blood pressure
B) loss of libido
C) constant hunger
D) frequently feeling cold

Question 62

High lead exposure in pregnant women with pica increases the risk of

A) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
B) fetal alcohol syndrome.
C) colic.
D) impaired fetal neurodevelopment.

Question 63

Pica is a cultural dietary practice that poses no risk to a pregnant woman's health.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of soy milk, almond milk, and rice milk?

A) They are enriched with calcium.
B) They are enriched with proteins from cow's milk.
C) They are low in saturated fat and are cholesterol free.
D) They are enriched with vitamin B₁₂.