Deck 1: Public Health

Question 1

WHO 1986 definition of health is?

A) Ensuring the health of the individual by maintaining and improving the health of the community.
B) The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of medical science.
C) A complete state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease.
D) Health is the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one hand, to realize aspirations and safety needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. It is to be seen as a resource for everyday life and not merely the objective of living.

Answer 1

Health is the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one hand, to realize aspirations and safety needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. It is to be seen as a resource for everyday life and not merely the objective of living.

Question 2

All of the following are considered functions of public health, Except?

A) Mobilizes communities for health.
B) Provides conditions conducive to health.
C) Promotes healthy lifestyles.
D) Heart transplant operation in specialized heart medical center

Answer 2

Heart transplant operation in specialized heart medical center

Question 3

Which of the following are the major determinants of health?

A) Human biology, Socio-demographic, Behavioural, Physical.
B) Human biology, Environment, Lifestyle behavior, Health care organization.
C) Community organization, Environment, Socio-demographic, culture.
D) Human biology, culture, Behavioural, Health care organization.

Answer 3

Human biology, Environment, Lifestyle behavior, Health care organization.

Question 4

The following are determinant of inequities Except?

A) Health damaging behaviors.
B) Exposure to unhealthy, stressful living and working conditions.
C) Inadequate access to essential health and other public services.
D) Differences in the incidence and prevalence of health conditions and health status between groups.

Question 5

_ _ _ _ _ _affects the health of a community and it includes the geography (e.g., High land versus low land), the environment (e.g., Manmade or natural catastrophes) and the industrial development (e.g., pollution occupational hazards)?

A) Socio - cultural determinants
B) physical determinants.
C) behavioral determinants
D) biological determinants.

Question 6

Maternal mortality ratio is defined as?

A) The ratio of the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time-period.
B) The ratio of maternal deaths during a given period per 1000 deliveries during the same period of time.
C) The ratio of maternal deaths due to all causes during a given period per 1000 deliveries during the same period of time.
D) The ratio of maternal deaths due to hypertension during a given period per 1000 deliveries during the same period of time.

Question 7

Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year old measured per?

A) 100 000 live births.
B) 10000 live births.
C) 1000 live birth.
D) 100 live births.

Question 8

Epidemiological transition refers to?

A) The change of mortality from infectious discases to degenerative diseases.
B) A change in levels of diabetes in overweight adults.
C) The changing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.
D) The change in birth defects due to genetic abnormalities.

Question 9

The health and wellbeing of the community is dependent on a good start, good future, good care and support. These include social, economic, physical and environmental factors which are known as?

A) A person's health.
B) Health promotion.
C) Public Health.
D) Determinants of health.

Question 10

_ _ _ is the difference in health care which is not only unnecessary and avoidable but unfair and unjust?

A) Health equity.
B) Health inequity.
C) Health disparities.
D) Health equality.

Question 11

The primary purpose of social determinants of health is to ensure?

A) The importance of providing medical treatment for chronic diseases.
B) The importance of reducing inequity within population.
C) The multi-sectoral approach in promoting health and preventing illness in the population.
D) The involvement of people in designing and implementing health interventions.

Question 12

Health illness continuum, it is?

A) The line between optimal health and death, people are moving on this line according to their social conditions.
B) People are not easy to move on the continuum if they are rich
C) All of the above
D) None of the above

Question 13

Major public health achievements in the 20" century Except?

A) Seat belts.
B) Tobacco as a health risk.
C) Discovery of CT scans.
D) Vaccines.

Question 14

Economic and social relationships, employment, housing, and education that contribute to or detract from the health of individuals and communities are known as the---------?

A) Social determinants of health
B) Community factors in health.
C) Environmental factors of health.
D) Perceived benefits of health.

Question 15

The epidemiologic analytical triad of disease causation refers to: (Choose one best answer)?

A) Agent, host, environment.
B) Time, place, person.
C) Source, mode of transmission, susceptible host.
D) John Snow, Robert Koch, Kenneth Rothman.

Question 16

________: differences in the incidence and prevalence of health conditions and health status between groups?

A) Health equity.
B) Health inequity.
C) Health disparities.
D) Health equality.

Question 17

A study in which cancer patients are randomly assigned to receive either a newly formulated chemotherapy or the currently available chemotherapy, and are followed to monitor for side effect and effectiveness of each drug, is an example of which type of study?

A) Interventional.
B) Observational.
C) Cohort.
D) Ecological.

Question 18

Comparison of study designs: …. Best for rare diseases?

A) Case Control Studies.
B) Prospective Cohort Studies.
C) Descriptive Studies.
D) Cross Sectional Studies.

Question 19

A prevalence rate is?

A) The total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total population.
B) The number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease.
C) The number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of all cases of a disease.
D) None of the above.

Question 20

A study that measures the incidence of a disease?

A) Case report
B) Cross sectional.
C) Case control
D) Cohort.

Question 21

Which of the following is a case-control study?

A) Analysis of previous research in different places and under different circumstances to permit establishment of a hypothesis based on cumulative knowledge of all known factors identified in the disease under study.
B) Obtaining histories and other information from a group of people with a particular disease or condition and from a group without the disease to determine the relative frequency of a past exposure under study.
C) Defining a group of disease free people by their exposure status and then following up over time to see which ones develop a disease or condition.
D) Study of average exposure for a group and a population measure of outcome.

Question 22

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of HIV infection on mortality among people in Kenya with TB. Individuals with TB were recruited from hospitals and their HIV status determined. They were then followed-up over ten years to compare mortality rates in the HIV positive group and HIV negative group?

A) Case-control study.
B) Cohort study.
C) Randomized controlled trial.
D) Ecological study.

Question 23

In the Netherlands there is an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. This is a consequence of?

A) deterioration of the food pattern.
B) increase in hypertension.
C) improved treatment
D) increase in obesity.

Question 24

In an epidemiological context, what is the population at risk?

A) The proportion of a population that engage in risky behaviours.
B) The group of people that may experience the outcome we want to study.
C) A group of people participating in a study that may be harmful to them.
D) The population group with the highest relative risk of discase.

Question 25

Which definition best describe the process of globalization?

A) Capitalist companies are spreading across the planet.
B) We all now live in a single society.
C) Individuals, groups and nations are becoming more interdependent.
D) Human beings now live on every continent of the planet.

Question 26

A study in which cancer patients are randomly assigned to receive either a newly formulated chemotherapy or the currently available chemotherapy, and are followed to monitor for side effects and effectiveness of cach drug, is an example of which type of study?

A) Interventional.
B) Observational.
C) Cohort.
D) Ecological.

Question 27

Type of design where both exposure and disease are determined at the same time for cach subject?

A) Case study.
B) Cross sectional study.
C) Case control study.
D) Cohort study.

Question 28

What does the term 'longitudinal design' mean?

A) study completed far away from where the researcher lives.
B) A study which is very long to read.
C) A study with two contrasting cases.
D) A study completed over a distinct period of time.

Question 29

Occurrence of lung cancer was identified between May 1970 and July 2010 for 200,000 Japanese men who were regular smokers and 500,000 Japanese men who never smoked during the same period. This is an example of?

A) Cross-sectional Study.
B) Prospective Cohort Study.
C) Case report Study.
D) Experimental Study.

Question 30

A cross sectional study is carried out to examine whether Navy personnel of a higher rank have more positive coping skills than those of a lower rank. Which of the following statements is true regarding this study?

A) The independent variable is rank, and the dependent variable is coping skills.
B) The independent variable is coping, and the dependent variable is low rank.
C) The independent variable is coping, and the dependent variable is high rank.
D) Neither variable is dependent as the researcher cannot manipulate them.

Question 31

If the experimental design is lacking the clement of randomization, then the study may be called?

A) Randomized control trial.
B) Descriptive.
C) Quasi-experimental study.
D) Experimental with external control.

Question 32

The following are basic assumption of health Promotion?

A) Health status can be changed.
B) It is difficult to understand the causes of a disease and various risk factors.
C) Once health problems are identified preventive strategles can be developed.

Question 33

which of the following studies apply to this: Occurrence of corona was identified between April 2020 and July 2020 for 5000 residents of Beit Hanina were infected and 5000 residents who infected elsewhere during the same period.?

A) Observational cohort
B) Experimental.
C) Observational case-control.
D) Observational cross sectional.

Question 34

A determinant that is clearly related to a change in health status is defined as a?

A) Distal determinant.
B) social determinant.
C) Proximal determinant.
D) Ecological determinant.

Question 35

The main insurance program scheme in Palestine is?

A) Most population without health insurance
B) Private Health Insurance
C) UNRWA health insurance
D) Government health insurance

Question 36

Prevention refers to the goals of medicine that are to promote, to medicine that are to promote, to preserve, and to restore health when it is impaired, and to minimize suffering and distress.

Question 37

Reasons to Study Global Health?

A) To learn about low-cost but highly effective interventions.
B) Nature of many global health concerns.
C) All of them.
D) Need for different actors to work together.
E) Link between health and development.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a characteristic of healthy system?

A) The system should have feedback from the subsystems and the community at large.
B) The system should have completely open boundaries.
C) The system has ability to differentiate and grow through self-regulation and change.
D) The system has a hierarchy of systems such as parents, grandparents, and children.

Question 39

ARI in Almata conference stands for Select one?

A) None of them
B) Autism Research Institute
C) Acute respiratory infection
D) Air resource institute

Question 40

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is?

A) Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger.
B) All of them.
C) Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
D) Improvement in maternal health.
E) Reduction of child mortality.

Question 41

Poverty is associated with?

A) Malnutrition
B) Lower life expectancy
C) Lower life expectancy and Higher infant mortality only
D) All of the THEM.
E) Higher infant mortality

Question 42

Mrs. Samia is 32 years old who is now divorced and has four children. This is an n example of?
a. Blended family.
b. nuclear family.
c. Alternative family.
d. Single parent family.

Question 43

The four major determinants of health are Select one?

A) Human biology, Environment, Lifestyle, Health care organization.
B) Community organization, Environment, Socio-demographic, culture.
C) Human biology, culture, Behavioural, Health care organization.
D) Human biology, Socio-demographic, Behavioural, Physical.

Question 44

Supernatural theory: Disease is caused by the odor of decaying of organic materials.

Question 45

Development is?

A) Encompasses the total well-being of individual, a community or a nation.
B) Must be measured by the rate of economic growth.
C) Concerned with the total person, his economic, social, political, physiological, and psychic and environmental requirements.
D) All of the them.
E) None of them.

Question 46

Marginal participation of people in the health programs may be limited and temporary.

Question 47

Hippocrates is considered the father of eastern medicine.

Question 48

Which of the following is the best definition of public health?

A) None of them
B) Ensuring the health of the individual by maintaining and improving the health of the community.
C) A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease.
D) The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of medical science.
E) All of these are great definitions.

Question 49

Culture is one of the determinants of health among the environmental factors..

Question 50

Spiritual health is the ability of expressing emotions in the appropriate way, for example to fear, to be happy, and to be angry.

Question 51

Some problematic behaviors are given the status of disease in DSM?

A) Drug abuse
B) Alcohol abuse and dependence.
C) Conduct disorders in children.
D) All of the them.

Question 52

Mental disorders represent a "clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or disability.

Question 53

Lifespan is shortest in which of the following regions?

A) United States.
B) Northern Europe.
C) South America.
D) East Asia.
E) Sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 54

A family of preschool children encounters all the following tasks, except?

A) adjusting to the role of mother and father.
B) maintain safety of children as they move around in the environment.
C) separation of children from parents and starting school.
D) maintain marital relationship as parents focus more on children and give less time to their marriage.

Question 55

Health plays a major role in?

A) Reducing poverty.
B) Disease development.
C) None of them.
D) All of the them.
E) Promoting economic development.
F) Promoting economic development and Reducing poverty.

Question 56

Decentralization is?

A) Brings decision closer to the communities served and the field level providers of services & Keeping all of the important decision making powers within head office & Leads to greater efficiency in service provision.
B) Sharing and transferring power and decision away from the center to the periphery &. Brings decision closer to the communities served and the field level providers of services & Leads to greater efficiency in service provision.
C) Keeping all of the important decision making powers within head office.
D) Leads to greater efficiency in service provision.
E) Brings decision closer to the communities served and the field level providers of service.
F) Sharing and transferring power and decision away from the center to the periphery.

Question 57

Contagion theory is not accepted because too many instances where people become ill regardless of their isolation from human contact.

Question 58

The effects of Globalization on health are diverse; these can be?

A) Positive.
B) Mixed.
C) All of them.
D) Negative.

Question 59

Public health does which of the following?

A) Provides conditions conducive to health.
B) All of them.
C) Mobilizes communities.
D) Promotes healthy lifestyles.
E) Mobilizes communities& Promotes healthy lifestyles.

Question 60

Primary Health care philosophy includes except?

A) Equity and Justice.
B) Individual and community self-reliance.
C) Reorientation of Health manpower.
D) inter relationship of health and Development.

Question 61

Universal package promotes broader support among population and health providers than schemes targeting poor alone-such support helps to sustain financing over time.?

Question 62

Infant mortality rate is measured by?

A) per 100 000 live births.
B) per 1000 live births.
C) None of them.
D) per 10000 live births.

Question 63

Health care PROVISION in Palestine consist of?

A) The public sector: the MOH and the security forces medical services & United Nation Relief and Working Agency (UNRWA).
B) United Nation Relief and Working Agency (UNRWA) & NGOs & private for-profit.
C) United Nation Relief and Working Agency (UNRWA).
D) NGOs & private for-profit.
E) The public sector: the MOH and the security forces medical services.
F) All of them.

Question 64

It affects the health of a community, include the beliefs, traditions, and social customs in the community. It also involves the economy, politics and religion in the community ?

A) physical determinants
B) biological determinants
C) behavioral determinants
D) Socio - cultural determinants.

Question 65

Intersectoral Collaboration: Means a joint concern and responsibility of sectors responsible for development in identifying problems, programs and undertaking tasks that have important bearing on human well-being?

Question 66

The George Washington of Public Health is….?

A) Willian Harvey.
B) John Snow.
C) Edward Jenner.
D) Louis Pateur.

Question 67

PHC components are?

A) Health Education & Provision of essential drugs.
B) Immunization, MCH & FP and Communicable disease control & food supply and proper nutrition Only.
C) Immunization, MCH & FP.
D) All of them.
E) Communicable disease control & food supply and proper nutrition

Question 68

The declaration outlined the central concern of the global community and articulated a set of interconnected and mutually reinforcing goals for sustainable development?

A) Health Determinants.
B) Millennium developmental goals.
C) Health Development.
D) Almata declaration.

Question 69

Relationship between social attitudes toward mental illness and the course of mental disorders-effects of stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion are example of social and environmental factors impacting mental health.

Question 70

Industrialization and urbanization in the 19th Century helped to solve public health problems.

Question 71

Economic Growth is concerned with the total person, his economic, social, political, physiological, and psychic and environmental requirements.

Question 72

Elements incorporated after Alma-Ata are except?

A) Use of traditional medicine.
B) Mental Health.
C) Occupational health.
D) Social health.
E) Oral Health.

Question 73

The Multi Causal Theory concentrates on disease prevention, instead of requiring medical treatments or personal hygiene, demands change in the industrial production.

Question 74

Factors that hinder great involvement of the community in health includes?

A) The professional staff generally takes decisions in health services and there is no tradition of allowing people to be involved in decision making.
B) Lack of flexibility in health service and general unwillingness to change.
C) Rigid professional behavior of health service provides, which need to be strengthened to allow greater community involvement.
D) Wrong assumption by health staff that community does not know what is good for them and that only health staff can determine their needs.
E) All of the them.

Question 75

The family is the primary social context in which health promotion and disease prevention take place.

Question 76

Types of community participation/involvement are structural, horizontal and substantial.

Question 77

When the psychological needs of family members are not met, symptoms of family dysfunction result.

Question 78

Dysfunctional families and poor parenting can lead to?

A) Alcoholism and substance-abuse in the family.
B) Overindulgence.
C) Gambling problems.
D) All of the them.
E) Domestic violence
F) Child abuse - neglect, physical abuse, verbal abuse, sexual abuse.

Question 79

What are the criteria for the technology to be appropriate?

A) Efficient.
B) All of them.
C) Equitable.
D) Locally sustainable & Equitable only.
E) Locally sustainable.
F) Affordable.

Question 80

The mission of Health Promotion is "fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy.