Deck 7: Race, Ethnicity, Health, Medicine & Environment

Question 1

Intergroup relations based on ethnic and racial background have played a powerful role in shaping both interaction and opportunity.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Someone who believes that all Asians are hardworking is prejudiced.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The majority of hate crimes reported to authorities involve racial bias.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Approximately what proportion of the Canadian population is foreign born?

A) 19.8 percent
B) 12.7 percent
C) 27.4 percent
D) 5.8 percent

Question 5

Approximately what proportion of Canada's population identifies as French Canadian?

A) 25 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 33 percent

Question 6

Approximately what proportion of the world's population moves from one country to another in any given year?

A) 7.8 percent
B) 2.3 percent
C) less than one percent
D) 5.2 percent

Question 7

What proportion of Canada's population growth currently comes from immigration?

A) 50 percent
B) 66 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 8

In 2006, how many hate crimes were reported to the authorities in Canada?

A) 1137
B) 362
C) 594
D) 892

Question 9

What is a minority group?

A) A group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
B) A group that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life.
C) A group whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group.
D) A group that is set apart from others because of physical differences.

Question 10

Which of the following would be an example of symbolic ethnicity?

A) a Black person trying to act White
B) a trip to an ethnic bakery
C) living in an ethnic enclave
D) a Latino intentionally misrepresenting his heritage

Question 11

To what does the term 'racial formation' refer?

A) A sociohistorical process in which members of a racial group come together to press for equal rights.
B) The process of ethnic cleansing.
C) A sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed.
D) A legal process through which racial categories are applied.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of someone who has gone through the process of assimilation?

A) A black person who lives in an area of the country that is segregated from the dominant white group.
B) An Aboriginal Canadian who respects and is also respected by white Canadians and as a result is comfortable expressing his/her own culture.
C) A Chinese Canadian who speaks fluent English, achieves high educational standards, is a well-respected professional, and yet is still seen by some as different.
D) A Muslim who marries a member of the majority group to form a new, unique cultural-racial group.

Question 13

What is a stereotype?

A) A person or group that one blames irrationally for one's own problems or difficulties.
B) A belief that one race is superior and that all others are innately inferior.
C) An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group.
D) A factually induced belief about another person.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes pluralism in Canada?

A) entrenched in law
B) a reality more than an ideal
C) an extension of assimilation
D) a social norm

Question 15

What is the term for the process through which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture?

A) gentrification
B) assimilation
C) acculturation
D) amalgamation

Question 16

Prior to 1985, which of the following was true of Indian status regulations in Canada?

A) Any Aboriginal person who married a non-Aboriginal person would lose his or her Indian status.
B) Aboriginal people could marry non-Aboriginal people and retain their Indian status, but their children would not have Indian status.
C) An Aboriginal man who married a non-Aboriginal woman would lose his Indian status.
D) An Aboriginal woman who married a non-Aboriginal man would lose her Indian status.

Question 17

You are a Native Canadian whose First Nation is about to open a reservation-based casino. Your elders have explained that the reason behind this endeavour is to integrate into the dominant Canadian culture. You realize that what your reservation is doing is called which of the following?

A) contact hypothesis
B) assimilation
C) amalgamation
D) pluralism

Question 18

What group is the only one ever to have been completely barred from emigrating to Canada?

A) Japanese
B) Blacks
C) Chinese
D) Jews

Question 19

Which of the following were the top two countries of origin for immigrants to Canada in 2006?

A) India and Pakistan
B) India and the United States
C) China and India
D) China and the United States

Question 20

To what does the term segregation refer?

A) Combining a majority and a minority group through intermarriage.
B) Physically separating two groups; it is often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group.
C) Denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons.
D) Deliberately and systematically killing the members of an ethnic, racial, or nationality group.

Question 21

To what does the term expulsion refer?

A) Forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture.
B) Combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group.
C) Deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or nation.
D) Systematically removing a group of people from society.

Question 22

Khadra, an extremely well-qualified and articulate law student, has trouble getting an articling position. Off the record, she is told that the senior lawyers - older, White males - are uncomfortable with a woman who wears the hijab. What is Khadra experiencing?

A) discrimination
B) hate crimes
C) prejudice
D) racial profiling

Question 23

Which of the following realities about employment equity are supported by the interactionist perspective?

A) Employment Equity threatens the seniority principle.
B) Employment Equity means hiring unqualified people.
C) Employment Equity examines job standards to ensure that job criteria are realistic and job related.
D) Employment Equity means treating everyone with fairness, taking into account people's differences.

Question 24

Which of the following is true of hate crimes?

A) Hate crimes tend to be underreported.
B) Hate crimes are unrelated to the levels of racism, sexism or homophobia in society.
C) The largest reported number of hate crimes in Canada are based on sexual orientation.
D) Hate crimes arise out of an offender's bias against a gender or sexual orientation.

Question 25

Worrf is a Klingon living in a mostly human neighbourhood. Since moving there, his children have been taunted and spat upon at school, he has had is car keyed in the driveway, and someone has attempted to set fire to his house. Last week, someone spray-painted 'Go Home Filthy Klingons' on his garage door, and poisoned his dog. What are Worrf and his family victims of?

A) hate crimes
B) hate speech
C) prejudice
D) police indifference

Question 26

Passage of the recent Aviation and Transportation Security Act, which stipulated that all airport screeners must be U.S. citizens, has been noted by many observers to be a form of which of the following?

A) affirmative action
B) prejudice
C) White privilege
D) institutional discrimination

Question 27

Which of the following is true of the contact hypothesis?

A) It states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes.
B) It views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups.
C) It gave moral support to the continued existence of apartheid in South Africa.
D) It views racial subordination in North America as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true of discrimination?

A) It is rooted in powerful vested interests.
B) It can be eradicated by adopting 'neutral' policies.
C) By filtering out particular applicants for reasons not related to job performance, it creates a situation where the best person may not get the job.
D) It permits members of the majority to enhance their wealth, power and prestige at the expense of others.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of exploitation theory?

A) It views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups.
B) It views racial subordination as benefiting society, because it creates a supply of cheap labour.
C) It views ethnic subordination as a valuable means of social control.
D) It views racial subordination in North America as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.

Question 30

Asian Canadians are often held up as a(an) ______________ because they have succeeded economically, socially, and educationally despite past prejudices and discrimination.

A) racial group
B) model minority group
C) minority group
D) ethnic group

Question 31

Of what is the statement "all Bjoran people are lazy, shiftless, and collect welfare" an example?

A) pluralism
B) exploitation theory
C) discrimination
D) a stereotype

Question 32

Hussein is the only Arab man on a flight from Ottawa to New York. He is also the only person pulled aside for secondary screening. What has Hussein experienced?

A) racial formation
B) racial profiling
C) hate crimes
D) prejudice

Question 33

The Nazis believed in the superiority of the Germanic peoples, and started an aggressive campaign to rid their territories of inferior races. Of what is this an example?

A) racial formation
B) pluralism
C) racism
D) ethnicity

Question 34

Which group is considered by most to be the greatest threat to Canadian unity?

A) South Asian Canadians
B) AngCanadians
C) Aboriginal Canadians
D) French Canadians

Question 35

Which of the following would NOT be considered a sign of assimilation?

A) Switching religious affiliation to that of the dominant group.
B) Living in an ethnic enclave.
C) Changing one's name to remove ethnic overtones.
D) Dropping one's native language

Question 36

Since which decade have immigration laws in Canada encouraged the immigration of relatives of Canadian residents and those who have desirable skills?

A) the 1950s
B) the 1970s
C) the 1960s
D) the 1940s

Question 37

What event has caused increased scrutiny of potential immigrants?

A) The 1999 Columbine High School shootings.
B) The 1985 Air India bombing.
C) The 2001 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington DC.
D) The 1994 Rwandan genocide.

Question 38

Judge the following statement according to the criteria given: "Exploitation theory argues that institutional discrimination pervades life in Canada for many because racial subordination is a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism".

A) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
B) The assertion is incorrect, and the reason is incorrect.
C) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
D) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Question 39

Which of the following represents a new area of institutional discrimination in the United States?

A) digital media sales
B) the Aviation and Transportation Security Act governing airport screeners
C) cell phone registration
D) electronic pager ownership

Question 40

A group of residents in suburban Vancouver - a mix of predominantly British-origin whites and new immigrants from Hong Kong and other parts of Southeast Asia - form a cooperative, local coalition to protest against the opening of a large dance club in their neighbourhood. According to contact theory, what is this likely to accomplish?

A) The marginalization of female participants.
B) A breakdown of stereotypes and prejudices between the two groups.
C) A heightening of prejudice between the two groups.
D) The marginalization of Asian participants.

Question 41

To what does the term ethnocentrism refer?

A) The process by which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture.
B) The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice.
C) A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority.
D) The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others.

Question 42

Why were Blacks discouraged from immigrating to Canada in the early 1900s?

A) Canada needed farmers, and Blacks had little farming experience.
B) The regions to which Blacks wished to immigrate were already overcrowded.
C) Blacks were considered ill-suited to the climate.
D) Canada required few domestic servants.

Question 43

Which of the following constitutes institutional discrimination?

A) The requirement that personal trainers be physically fit.
B) The practice of testing only women for cervical cancer.
C) The enforced residential schooling of Aboriginal students.
D) Requirements in media communications positions that job applicants have excellent spoken and written English.

Question 44

What is institutional discrimination?

A) The establishment of laws that intentionally deny opportunities and equal rights to members of minority groups.
B) The stereotyping of people who work in public or private institutions.
C) The belief that individuals or groups should be denied equal rights and opportunities.
D) The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that result from the normal operations of a society.

Question 45

What is the definition of racism?

A) The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice.
B) The tendency of people to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes.
C) The systematic killing of an entire people or nation.
D) A belief that one race is supreme and that all others are innately inferior.

Question 46

Read carefully through the statement below, and decide which of the options is correct. "Prejudice is defined as a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority. Prejudice often results from racism and is reinforced by ethnocentrism. Hate crime is an example of the outcome of this type of bias".

A) The words "prejudice" and "ethnocentrism" in the second sentence should be switched
B) The words "racism" and "ethnocentrism" should be switched
C) The word "hate-crime" should be replaced by "colour-blind racism"
D) The word "prejudice" in the first sentence should be replaced by "racism"

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT true of Canada's Aboriginal peoples?

A) They are overrepresented in poor families.
B) They are underrepresented in higher education.
C) They are overrepresented in penal facilities.
D) They have fewer children, on average, than non-Aboriginal Canadians.

Question 48

In 1939, a ship carrying 900 Jewish refugees from Europe approached Canada. What happened?

A) They were turned back, and most died at the hands of the Nazis.
B) They were turned back, but found sanctuary in Great Britain.
C) They were accepted, but held in internment camps until the end of the war.
D) They were accepted, and formed thriving communities in Montreal and Toronto.

Question 49

In 1885, the Canadian head tax of Chinese immigrants was fifty dollars. What was it in 1903?

A) three hundred dollars
B) fifty dollars
C) five hundred dollars
D) one hundred dollars

Question 50

Which of the following illustrates institutional discrimination?

A) A country club has a rule specifying that no Italians or Jews may be members.
B) A prejudiced personnel officer refuses to hire women.
C) To save money, a city fires all employees hired during the last three years. During the last three years, the city has had an aggressive minority-hiring program, and the majority of those fired are therefore members of various minority groups.
D) A mental institution in New York will not allow residents of Connecticut to receive services in the facility.

Question 51

What country was the top country of origin for immigrants to Canada in 1981?

A) United States
B) United Kingdom
C) Italy
D) Vietnam

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT considered a minority group in the Canada?

A) Jewish American women
B) Native American women
C) African American men
D) White men

Question 53

Which of the following is a minority group in Canada?

A) Protestants
B) men
C) women
D) Whites

Question 54

Describe the differences and similarities between racial groups and ethnic groups. Give some examples to illustrate your answer.

Question 55

Define the terms prejudice and discrimination and give examples to illustrate
your definitions.

Question 56

Define the terms amalgamation, assimilation, segregation, and pluralism and give examples to illustrate your answer.

Question 57

How successful is Canada's pluralist 'mosaic' model? Give examples to support your answer.

Question 58

How are Aboriginal Canadians different that other Canadian visible minority
groups?

Question 59

Social class is clearly associated with differences in morbidity and mortality rates.

Question 60

Aboriginal Canadians have lower access to the social determinants of health than other Canadians.

Question 61

Richard Kalish suggests that when individuals are initially told that they are dying, they enter a short-lived stage of denial.

Question 62

What is the term for employment that spans the period between the end of a person's career and his or her retirement?

A) "bridge job"
B) "preretirement job"
C) "span job"
D) "Ebaugh employment"

Question 63

What is the infant mortality rate in Canada?

A) 5
B) 12.6
C) 1.2
D) 22.7

Question 64

The costs of health care in Canada have skyrocketed in recent decades, from $23 billion in 1980 to over $_________ in 2011.

A) 175 billion
B) 200 billion
C) 125 billion
D) 20 billion

Question 65

In what year was the Medical Health Care Act, which provided universal health insurance for all Canadians, enacted?

A) 1947
B) 1966
C) 1958
D) 1974

Question 66

According to the Canadian Mental Health Association, what proportion of Canadians will experience a mental illness in their lifetime?

A) 20 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 1 percent

Question 67

More than ___ percent of students entering medical schools in Canada are female, but only ___ percent of registered nurses are male.

A) 50; 15
B) 50; 6
C) 75; 15
D) 75; 6

Question 68

According to the World Health Organization, __ percent of people who live in the poorest countries in the world use alternative medicine.

A) 42
B) 80
C) 30
D) 58

Question 69

What proportion of Canadian seniors report having seen a general practitioner in the last year?

A) 4 in 10
B) 9 in 10
C) 7 in 10
D) 2 in 10

Question 70

Which of the following is consistent with disengagement theory?

A) A company mandates that all employees must retire at age 65, and they are replaced with younger workers.
B) Douglas, who is 71 years old, is spending his retirement years working at a homeless shelter, going on senior tours around the country, and working as the president of a local senior's center.
C) Marvin who has recently retired from an intense career, becomes depressed and takes his own life.
D) Marsha, who is 72 years old, divorces her husband after 45 years of marriage.

Question 71

To what does the term 'culture-bound syndrome' refer?

A) a negative attitude toward an entire category of people
B) a group set apart because of distinctive cultural patterns
C) the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others
D) a disease or illness that cannot be understood apart from specific social context

Question 72

The condition of "being old" is best described as which of the following?

A) a master status
B) an achieved status
C) a social role
D) an instrumental orientation

Question 73

What is gerontology?

A) A religious group that worships the aged
B) The study of the sociological and psychological aspects of aging and the problems of the aged
C) Rule by the elderly
D) An advertising strategy that facilitates niche marketing to the elderly

Question 74

What is activity theory?

A) A theory of aging, which argues that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships.
B) A theory of aging that postulates that age is an active social fiction.
C) A theory of aging, which contends that elderly people who remain active will be best adjusted.
D) A theory of aging, which argues that the elderly have fundamentally different interests, needs and desires for social interaction than do younger people.

Question 75

Canada has about 10 physicians per 10,000 people. How many do African nations have?

A) about 7 per 10,000
B) about 3 per 10,000
C) less than 2 per 10,000
D) about 2 per 10,000

Question 76

What is a NORC?

A) A police officer who serves the aging population.
B) An unplanned retirement community.
C) A type of nursing home.
D) A form of neighbourhood in New York.

Question 77

In the 1932 Tuskegee study, doctors withheld treatment from Black men infected with which of the following?

A) smallpox
B) chicken pox
C) anthrax
D) syphilis

Question 78

Which of the following is an obligation of the sick role?

A) avoiding transmission
B) attempting recovery
C) staying home from work
D) getting a note from the doctor

Question 79

Which of the following statements about aging is true?

A) According to gerontologists, discrimination against older people in Canadian society can be explained by activity theory.
B) Based on the presumptions of disengagement theory older Canadians are less interested in competing in the labour force because they are satisfied that they have sufficiently contributed to society.
C) Based on the presumptions of activity theory older Canadians are interested in competing in the labour force because they wish to stay active in order to combat ageism.
D) The word "technology" should be replaced by "inequalities".

Question 80

Which Canadian province or territory is projected to have the highest proportion of seniors in 2021?

A) British Columbia
B) Saskatchewan
C) Newfoundland and Labrador
D) Yukon Territory