Deck 6: Global Inequality, Gender & Age

Question 1

The goal of the United Nations is to eliminate extreme poverty in the world by what year?

A) 2015
B) 2040
C) 2025
D) 2010

Answer 1

2015

Question 2

What percentage of all foreign direct investment in Canada originates in the United States?

A) 15 percent
B) 54 percent
C) 5 percent
D) 38 percent

Answer 2

54 percent

Question 3

In an analysis of over 1,000 films over 20 years, communications professor Jack Shaheen found that only ____ percent of Arab and Muslim characters were presented in a positive light.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 5

Answer 3

5

Question 4

Each year it is estimated that _________ men, women, and children are transported across international borders for slavery or sexual exploitation.

A) 10,000 - 20,000
B) 500
C) 500,000 - 600,000
D) 600,000 - 800,000

Question 5

What is the term for the continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries?

A) colonialism
B) a world system
C) recolonization
D) neocolonialism

Question 6

How is dependency theory defined?

A) Applying to multinationals.
B) An approach that contends that as developing countries make economic advances, they remain weak and subservient to core nations.
C) An approach proposing that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in peripheral nations.
D) A far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.

Question 7

In what way are world systems analysis and conflict theory related?

A) both define capitalism as the key to solving global inequality
B) both focus on women as the group most affected by global exploitation
C) both support the global spread of multinational corporations
D) both base their critique of exploitation on dependency theory

Question 8

What is world systems analysis?

A) Max Weber's view that world peace would result from many types of nations interacting with one another and producing a quality of verstehen.
B) C. Wright Mills' view that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for the maintenance of world stability by the power elite.
C) Karl Marx's view that the bourgeois nations such as England would dominate the proletarian nations such as India.
D) Immanuel Wallerstein's view of the global economic system as divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited.

Question 9

Which of the following occurs as a direct result of modernization?

A) multinational corporations
B) colonialism
C) industrialization
D) neocolonialism

Question 10

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is difficult to implement because, in some situations, conflicts arise between human rights standards and local practices that rest on alternative views of human dignity. Understanding these cultural variations requires the application of which sociological principle?

A) cultural ideologies
B) cultural relativism
C) cultural imperialism
D) cultural universalism

Question 11

The United Kingdom and _________ have the lowest level of intergenerational mobility, while Canada and __________ have high rates of social mobility.

A) Denmark; United States
B) the United States; Nordic countries
C) France; United States
D) Germany; France

Question 12

Dependency theory postulates that even as developing countries industrialize, much of their wealth continues to be funnelled to developed nations. What is the most significant mechanism for this transfer?

A) Imports - because their own industry is underdeveloped, poor countries must import a disproportionate amount of goods.
B) Depressed resource prices - because many of these countries export raw materials, their economic fate is determined primarily in markets dominated by wealthy nations.
C) Debt - developing countries have to make large interest payments to the wealthy countries that have given them loans.
D) Education - in order to industrialize, developing nations require a skilled workforce that must be educated abroad at great expense.

Question 13

Which of the following terms was introduced in the 1990s as a result of the actions that led to the deaths of thousands of Muslims in Bosnia-Herzogovina?

A) human rights
B) amalgamation
C) assimilation
D) ethnic cleansing

Question 14

Which of the following is true?

A) During the feudal period in Europe, there were three main classes.
B) The Industrial Revolution improved the quality of life for most people worldwide.
C) Prior to the Industrial Revolution, global standards of living were much more uniform.
D) Extreme divisions in access to resources did not exist prior to the Industrial Revolution.

Question 15

Which of the following is more prevalent in industrialized nations than in developing nations?

A) urban population
B) maternal morbidity
C) income
D) infant mortality

Question 16

Which of the following statements represents a comparison between interactionist theory and functionalist theory with regard to the analysis of global inequality?

A) Both theories analyze the economic dependency that has resulted from the global divide between developed and developing nations.
B) Interactionist theory is associated with dependency theory arguing that multinationals exploit workers to maximize profits while functionalists argue that there is a mutually beneficial relationship between multinationals and workers in developing countries.
C) Both theories emphasize the human cost of globalization, with a focus on human rights activism in order to eradicate global inequality.
D) Interactionist theory through a microlevel analysis examines the effects of global inequality while functionalist theory examines the mutually beneficial relationship between developed and developing countries globally.

Question 17

As a witness to the government-sponsored genocide in Rwanda in 1994, retired General Romeo Dallaire wrote a book condemning whose response to the slaughter of 800,000 people over 100 days?

A) the British embassy
B) the Rwandan government
C) international community
D) Africans

Question 18

According to world systems analysis, a periphery nation is a nation that has which of the following characteristics?

A) It is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations (e.g., Honduras and Ethiopia)
B) It is an export dependent nation (e.g. Canada, Saudi Arabia)
C) It has a marginal economic status (e.g., Israel and South Korea)
D) along with its multinational corporations, it dominates all other nations socially, economically, and politically (e.g., the U.S. and Germany)

Question 19

In which of the following nations is wealth inequality the highest?

A) Japan
B) Sweden
C) the United States
D) The Russian Federation

Question 20

According to modernization theorists, which of the following is true?

A) Multinational corporations benefit from the lower labour costs in the developing world.
B) Multinational corporate expansion into developing nations leaves a large proportion of the profits generated in the developing country.
C) Multinationals cause inflation and hardship in developing countries.
D) Multinationals provide locals with job skills that are easily transferable to an agricultural economy.

Question 21

What is a core nation, according to world systems analysis?

A) One that is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations.
B) One that, along with its multinational corporations, controls and exploits noncore nations.
C) One that has a marginal economic status.
D) One that has an independent domestic economy, reliant on neither imports nor exports.

Question 22

What are remittances?

A) Money that immigrants send home to relatives.
B) Aid given by individuals to international charitable organizations.
C) Small loans given out by microfinance programs.
D) Loans given by the governments of wealthy countries to governments of developing nations.

Question 23

In Saudi Arabia, what is it legal for women to do?

A) socialize with men outside of their families
B) walk alone in public
C) have children
D) drive a vehicle

Question 24

For the most part, the impact of modernization in developing countries has done which of the following?

A) given women equal rights to men
B) not had a necessarily positive effect on the social standing of women
C) strengthened women's ties to relatives
D) increased the vital role of women in food production

Question 25

Judge the following statement according to the criteria given below: "According to world's system analysis, Canada can be characterized as a core nation because it is a developed country and its' high level of export to other core nations".

A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid
B) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect
C) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct

Question 26

How is colonialism defined?

A) An approach that contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.
B) The economic infiltration of developing countries by multinational corporations.
C) The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period.
D) The far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.

Question 27

How is neocolonialism defined?

A) The invasion of Third World countries by the military forces of the United States or Russia since 1965.
B) The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a power for an extended period of time (e.g., French control over major parts of northern Africa).
C) The continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.
D) The replacement of economic domination with political domination.

Question 28

Response to what event has caused some to wonder whether human rights are in jeopardy in the United States?

A) the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
B) the failure of Hilary Rodham Clinton's presidential nomination bid.
C) the 2000 presidential election
D) the sniper attacks in the Washington, D.C., area

Question 29

Which of the following examples suggests a violation of human rights according to the interactionist perspective?

A) a move towards an absolute definition of human rights globally
B) the transnational instance of human trafficking
C) the allowance of global remittances as a source of foreign revenue
D) a move towards abolishing the allowance of the tier system of monitoring human trafficking

Question 30

Which of the following statements about multinational corporations is true?

A) They are exempt from taxation.
B) The ten largest multinational corporations all have their headquarters in the United States.
C) The value of sales of the largest multinational corporations exceeds the total value of goods and services of many peripheral nations.
D) They are all state-owned (i.e., public as opposed to private) businesses.

Question 31

Which of the following do human rights advocates do?

A) They urge societies to permit all forms of sexual behaviour.
B) They emphasize social stability over social change.
C) They allow for terrorist activities to protect or reacquire one's homeland.
D) They emphasize the entitlement of mothers and children to special care and assistance.

Question 32

Which of the following is less prevalent in developing nations than in industrialized nations?

A) deaths of children
B) total population
C) literacy
D) rural population

Question 33

What is the term for universal moral rights that belong to all people because they are human?

A) universal moral codes
B) fundamentals
C) universal ethics
D) human rights

Question 34

Why is it in the best interests of workers in Canada to work towards improving labour conditions in the developing world?

A) It is not in the best interests of Canadian workers to try to improve conditions elsewhere.
B) Workers in developing countries could afford more Canadian exports if they were paid more.
C) Canada's labour unions need more members.
D) Improving wages and working conditions in the developing world lowers the incentive for multinationals to move production out of core nations.

Question 35

Compare and contrast colonialism and neocolonialism and describe their impact on social stratification. Give examples to support your answer.

Question 36

Discuss Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis. Define dependency
theory as it relates to Wallerstein's views. Give examples to support your answer.

Question 37

Discuss how stratification within Canada compares with stratification in other
nations. What factors appear to be consistent within all nations?

Question 38

Is Canada a core nation or a semi-periphery nation? Why?

Question 39

Discuss the controversies surrounding universal human rights.

Question 40

We construct gender by attaching social and cultural significance to the presumed biological differences between the sexes.

Question 41

Gender roles are the same in every physical environment, economy, and political system.

Question 42

Sexual expression is simply a result of biological urges and instincts.

Question 43

Heteronormativity is a form of ethnocentrism that generalizes a particular cultural ideal (heterosexuality) onto all other populations, thus denying legitimacy to those outside it.

Question 44

In many countries, establishing a sexual identity as something other than heterosexual has been difficult and often dangerous due to the meanings attached to such identities and the lack of broader cultural support for them.

Question 45

On average, married fathers spend 7 hours per week on childcare and 10 hours per week on housework. How many hours do married mothers spend?

A) 10 hours and 13 hours, respectively
B) 5 hours and 7 hours, respectively
C) 15 hours and 22 hours, respectively
D) 13 hours and 19 hours, respectively

Question 46

In what year did women gain legal personhood in Canada?

A) 1945
B) 1929
C) 1910
D) 1918

Question 47

The Canadian Census did not collect information on same-sex partnerships until ________.

A) 2006
B) 1989
C) 1998
D) 2001

Question 48

What percentage of all those employed in trades, transport and construction in Canada were women in 2006?

A) 31.8 percent
B) 10.3 percent
C) 6.9 percent
D) 22.4 percent

Question 49

In a national survey, ________ of transgendered students report being harassed or assaulted due to their expression of gender.

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 72 percent
D) 37 percent

Question 50

According to the Statistics Canada, _____ percent of women aged 15 and over were in the labour force in 1976, and _____ percent in 2006?

A) 42; 58
B) 58; 72
C) 58; 85
D) 30; 58

Question 51

The Canadian Community Health Survey, conducted in 2003, was the first Statistics Canada survey to include _________________________.

A) a list of condom stores in all major cities
B) a question on sexual orientation.
C) a question on the number of sexual partners
D) a question on accessibility to birth control

Question 52

Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild's concept of the "second shift"?

A) A man has a career as an accountant; when he gets home, he cleans the apartment and makes dinner for his wife, himself, and their children.
B) A woman has a job as a cashier, and cooks and cleans for herself after work.
C) A woman works from 9 to 5 as a nurse and then has a second job as a waitress at a local diner.
D) A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for maintaining the apartment, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her husband.

Question 53

One of the most important fights feminists have fought on behalf of women is the right to control one's ____________.

A) ability to adopt children without a husband.
B) borrowing power at banks and other financial institutions.
C) body and in particular, reproductive rights.
D) chances of getting pre-approval for a car loan.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Agnes McPhail was elected to the House of Commons before women became legal persons.
B) Adrienne Clarkson was the first woman to be Governor General.
C) Women make up more than 25 percent of parliamentary representatives in Canada.
D) Michaëlle Jean is the first immigrant to be Governor General.

Question 55

Thomas Beattie was born female and underwent sexual reassignment surgery to become a male. Thomas is ________________.

A) bisexual
B) asexual
C) transgendered
D) homosexual

Question 56

In sociological terms, which of the following is NOT a component of sex?

A) variation at the anatomical level
B) biological differences between males and females
C) variation that occurs at the cellular level
D) variations that occur at the behavioural level

Question 57

Which of the following statements about sexuality is true?

A) Biological explanations of sexuality create the most space for alternative expressions of sexuality.
B) Sexuality is easy to categorize into a classification system as one's sexuality is clear-cut and absolute. Classifying where you do or do not belong is a simple matter of identifying your sexual practices and selecting the appropriate category.
C) According to gerontologists prejudice against older people in Canadian society can be explained by disengagement theory
D) People's experiences of sexuality are varied and complex. Current theoretical frameworks present sexuality as a continuum rather than an either-or designation.

Question 58

You have been asked to write an academic paper on bullying for your sociology class. Your thesis states that "transgendered individuals are victimized based on their gender, race, class, and status in society". Which sociological theory will you use to support this thesis?

A) Feminist
B) Conflict
C) functionalist
D) Interactionist

Question 59

Which of the following is true of gender roles?

A) The berdaches are reviled by the Plains Indians for their deviance.
B) Some other cultures recognize more genders than North Americans do.
C) Culture and socialization play little part in gender role difference.
D) Gender roles are cross-culturally consistent.

Question 60

One of the most significant developments in the history of human sexuality was the invention of the _____________________.

A) rhythm method
B) diaphragm
C) condom
D) birth control pill

Question 61

Greater control over _____________ by women internationally increases their opportunities for self-determination.

A) fertility
B) housing
C) education
D) finances

Question 62

The ________________ provided the earliest in-depth research studies on people's sexual practices.

A) Kinsey Reports
B) Famous Five Gender Study
C) Freudian Findings of 1944
D) Winnipeg Sexual Activity Study

Question 63

What is the term for the belief in social, economic, and political equality for women?

A) feminism
B) egalitarianism
C) modernization
D) affirmative action

Question 64

Which sociological perspective would argue that given the typical gender socialization of women in North America, where women are socialized to be expressive leaders, we can expect that girls and women with no interest in children will become babysitters and mothers?

A) Functionalist
B) Interactionist
C) Conflict
D) Feminist

Question 65

In the 1950s and 1960s, the RCMP used a device known as the ___________ to detect gay civil servants due to the perception that they were a security risk.

A) fruit machine
B) man machine
C) fruit salad selector
D) gaydar detector

Question 66

Which of the following refers to a category of sexual orientation that includes those who are sexually attracted to members of the same sex?

A) homosexual
B) transsexual
C) asexual
D) hermaphrodite

Question 67

Which of the following refers to a category of sexual orientation that includes those who are sexually attracted to both men and women?

A) asexual
B) bisexual
C) homosexual
D) hermaphrodite

Question 68

________ is a sociological term used to describe the cultural presupposition that heterosexuality is the appropriate standard for sexual identity and practice and that alternative sexualities are deviant, abnormal, or wrong.

A) Heteronormativity
B) Homosexual deterrent factor
C) Homogeneity
D) Heterosexual bias

Question 69

A 1957 survey revealed that four out of five people believed that anyone who preferred to remain single was "immoral". These findings are an example of _________.

A) sound judgement
B) singlenormativity
C) harmonized society view
D) heteronormativity

Question 70

Homosexuality was categorized as a psychological disorder until 1972 in the American Psychiatric Association's official Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This is an example of _________________.

A) the harmonized society viewpoint
B) singlenormativity
C) heteronormativity
D) the homosexual deterrent factor

Question 71

Which of the following refers to a category of sexual orientation that includes those who are sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex?

A) asexual
B) homosexual
C) transsexual
D) heterosexual

Question 72

Terms and phrases such as "fag", "lesbo", and "that's so gay" are examples of __________.

A) terms of endearment shared within the LGBT community
B) homophobic comments
C) medical references differentiating heterosexuals from homosexuals
D) heterosexual comments

Question 73

What is the term that refers to the structural and institutional organization of society that privileges heterosexuality over other forms of sexuality?

A) heterosexism
B) heterosocietal viewpoint
C) homophobia
D) heteronormativity

Question 74

In 2012, Catholic school boards in Ontario came under fire for refusing to allow students to form gay-straight alliances. The approach of the school board, in this case, is an example of _____________.

A) homophobia
B) heteronormativity
C) heterosocietal viewpoint
D) heterosexism

Question 75

In a nationwide survey administered in the United States in 2002, 69 percent of respondents believed which of the following?

A) if one parent stays home with children, it makes no difference whether it is the mother or the father.
B) only fathers should stay home with children.
C) stay-at-home fathers are better for children than stay-at-home mothers.
D) only mothers should stay home with children.

Question 76

Which of the following statements about men and women is NOT true?

A) males still hold a disproportionate share of leadership positions in high school
B) men continue to outnumber women at the doctoral level
C) in the 1980s, Canadian girls became more likely than their male counterparts to attend university
D) boys who successfully adapt to cultural standards of masculinity may grow up to be inexpressive men who cannot share their feelings with others

Question 77

Which of the following terms is used to refer to a pattern of treatment that systematically denies groups, including women, access to resources and opportunities as part of society's normal operations?

A) institutional discrimination
B) instrumentality
C) innovation
D) indoctrination

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT true of the second shift?

A) It was described by Arlie Hochschild.
B) It is performed disproportionately by women.
C) It consists of tasks women are uniquely suited to perform.
D) It results in women having as many as 15 fewer hours of leisure time each week than their male partners.

Question 79

A national survey of __________ students found that 70 percent of participating students heard homophobic remarks being made in their schools on a daily basis, and 64 percent of LGBTQ students report feeling unsafe in at least one space at school.

A) American
B) Canadian
C) Australian
D) Italian

Question 80

Heterosexism is most evident in a country's _______________.

A) high school health class curriculum
B) television commercials
C) laws
D) child-care practices