Deck 4: Families, Education & Religion

Question 1

Incest taboos and related laws in Canada are relevant to endogamous mate selection.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Inter-religious marriage is more common than inter-racial marriage in Canada.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Economic considerations have contributed to smaller families and higher levels of
childlessness.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In 2011, what percentage of adults aged 20 to 29 lived with a parent?

A) 42 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 24 percent
D) over 50 percent

Question 5

Which of the following was noted by Friedrich Engels, a colleague of Karl Marx?

A) There are six paramount functions of the family.
B) The family is the ultimate source of social inequality.
C) 80 percent of the 565 societies that he studied had some type of polygamy.
D) There are six stations of divorce, but the most important is the economic station.

Question 6

A man and his wife and their six children, along with five Chinese Shar-Peis, four
Siamese cats, eight parakeets, two ducks, a goat, and a dozen tropical fish, live on a
pretty piece of land in Woodstock, Ontario. Of what are they an example?

A) a clan
B) an extended family
C) a nuclear family
D) a polygynous family

Question 7

What is a monogamous marriage?

A) A woman may have several husbands at the same time.
B) A man may have several wives at the same time.
C) Two men and two women are married to each other.
D) Two people are married only to each other.

Question 8

To what does patrilineal descent refer?

A) A kinship system that favours the relatives of the father.
B) A society in which men are expected to dominate family decision making.
C) A pattern of residence in which a married couple lives with the husband's parents.
D) A kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of family violence?

A) It is limited to the abuse of children.
B) It includes violence against members of the nuclear family, but not extended family members.
C) It is limited to physical abuse.
D) Aboriginal women are three times more likely to report being the victims of family violence than non-Aboriginal women.

Question 10

Which of the following is a finding of Calliste's study of Black families in Toronto and Nova Scotia?

A) Significantly more Black families are nuclear than Caucasian families.
B) The feminization of poverty is less of an issue for the Black population than for the Caucasian population.
C) Black, single-parent, father-led families had the lowest incomes of any group she studied.
D) The average income of Black families, whether intact or not, is lower than the average income of Caucasian families.

Question 11

In which of the following ways is endogamy similar to exogamy?

A) both adhere to the social norm of the incest taboo
B) both require marriage outside of one's own racial, ethnic of religious group
C) both require mate selection within certain boundaries
D) both suggest that one must marry someone "of their own kind"

Question 12

A man and woman in Canada have recently become engaged. Both have defied their
parents' expectations of endogamy. The man is a recent immigrant from the Middle East,
and is considered by his friends to display machismo. The woman is a native Canadian,
and a university graduate with a degree in feminist studies. Based on research presented
in the text, which of the following is likely to be the biggest challenge this couple will
face in their early married life?

A) creating an egalitarian relationship
B) decisions around child-rearing
C) racial and ethnic differences
D) social class differences

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of family structure in Canada?

A) Domestic partnerships of more than two people can be legally registered, although they may not marry.
B) More people 15 years of age and older are unmarried than married.
C) Gays and lesbians are permitted to legally marry.
D) Cohabitation rates are increasing while marriage rates are decreasing.

Question 14

Which of the following factors has NOT contributed significantly to the amount of childlessness in Canada?

A) Couples not believing that having children automatically follows from marriage.
B) Couples not considering reproduction to be the duty of all married couples.
C) Increased levels of infertility among couples.
D) Economic considerations.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a social repercussion of the decision made by many couples to forgo childbearing?

A) The divorce rate will increase.
B) Elementary and secondary school populations will fall.
C) There will be fewer Canadian-born workers and consumers.
D) There will be more aging adults who will not have a younger generation of family to care for them.

Question 16

Tibetan women may have more than one husband simultaneously. What does this allow?

A) Greater diversity in child reproduction.
B) Increased family income due to the presence of more breadwinners in the paid labour force.
C) Enforcement of the social norm prohibiting infidelity among wives.
D) Sons to share the limited amount of good land.

Question 17

A woman and her husband, her children, her parents, her mother-in-law, her sister, a parakeet, two Irish setters, a cow, and five chickens live together on a farm on the Prairies. Of what is this an example?

A) nuclear family
B) community
C) kinship network
D) family

Question 18

Which sociological perspectives would argue that Ogburn's functions of the family serve to limit the experience of home as the "haven in a heartless world" for many in North American society?

A) symbolic interactionism & conflict
B) symbolic interactionist and functionalist
C) functionalist and feminist
D) feminist & conflict

Question 19

Which of the following did George Murdock do?

A) He described the family as the ultimate source of social inequality.
B) He described the six paramount functions of the family.
C) He distinguished between individual and parental marriages.
D) He noted that 80 percent of the 565 societies that he studied had some type of polygamy.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about matriarchal societies is true?

A) Men hold greater authority than women.
B) Women hold no authority at all.
C) Women and men hold equal amounts of authority.
D) Women hold greater authority than men.

Question 21

Which of the following was NOT suggested by sociologist Alice Rossi in her study on socialization into parenthood?

A) Our society lacks clear-cut and helpful guidelines concerning successful parenting.
B) Grandparents play a significant role in socializing their children to be parents.
C) There is little anticipatory socialization for the role of parent.
D) The transition to parenthood is very abrupt.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about courtship and marriage is NOT true?

A) Parents in many traditional cultures still arrange marriages for their children.
B) The rate of cohabitation without marriage has declined in the past 30 years.
C) Most people are now well into their 20s before they marry.
D) The Internet has become the new meeting place for the romantically inclined.

Question 23

According to research the egalitarian family is becoming somewhat more common in Canada today. Which definition of the family best supports this type of authority pattern?

A) kinship
B) substantive
C) functionalist
D) patriarchy

Question 24

Some Tibetans and the Toda tribe of India practiced female infanticide, which led to a
shortage of adult women. As a result, a family was often composed of a group of
brothers and a wife, whom they shared. Of what is this an example?

A) polyandry
B) monogamy
C) polygyny
D) group marriage

Question 25

Which of the following statements about family systems is correct?

A) Only about one-quarter of families in Canada are nuclear in composition.
B) Polygyny is less common than polyandry.
C) There are no legal barriers to polygamous families in Canada.
D) The practice of polygamy steadily declined throughout the 20^th century.

Question 26

According to the functionalist view, the family serves as the basis for transferring power, property and privilege through which of the following functions?

A) provision of social status
B) socialization
C) regulation of sexual behaviour
D) protection

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of serial monogamy?

A) Dave is married to Sheila, but they get divorced and he marries Marlene. After they get divorced, he marries Janet, and when she dies, he marries Lorraine.
B) Greg's wife Belinda lives in Windsor, but Greg is also married to Francine, who lives in Montreal.
C) Maria is married to Juan. Juan meets Carlos, and the three of them develop a romantic attachment.
D) Steve shares an apartment with Bonnie for five years, but then he marries Jessica, and they buy a home of their own.

Question 28

Which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is correct?

A) Studies suggest most stepmothers are evil.
B) The well-being of children in stepfamilies is better, on average, than that of children in two-parent households.
C) Studies have shown that step-parenting is a rewarding alternative to having biological children.
D) The well-being of children in stepfamilies is, on average, no better than that of children in single-parent households.

Question 29

To what does the term machismo refer?

A) The "brotherhood" that exists between members of the Italian crime syndicate.
B) A sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness.
C) The rite of passage signifying coming of age among males.
D) Bonding between members of a Hispanic street gang.

Question 30

Among the Yanomami of Brazil and Venezuela, it is considered proper to have sexual relations with one's opposite-sex cousins if they are the children of one's mother's brother or father's sister. But it is considered incest if one's opposite-sex cousins are which of the following?

A) The children of one's mother's mother or father's father.
B) The children of one's mother's sister or father's sister.
C) The children of one's mother's brother or father's brother.
D) The children of one's mother's sister or father's brother.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT true of divorce?

A) The divorce rate has increased both in North America and in many other parts of the world, in the past 50 years.
B) In Canada, divorced women are more likely to remarry than divorced men.
C) Over the past 100 years, there has been a greater social acceptance of divorce.
D) Women who marry at 35 years of age or older are less likely to divorce than those marrying younger.

Question 32

Which of the following was noted by William F. Ogburn?

A) The family provides socialization, reproductive, and protective functions for its members.
B) 64 percent of all societies have matrilineal or patrilineal descent systems.
C) More homosexuals divorce than heterosexuals.
D) Single-parent, mother-headed families are the fastest growing segment of the poor in Canada.

Question 33

Which of the following factors has NOT contributed to the rise of dual-income families
in Canada?

A) economic need
B) the greater availability of 'good jobs' in the economy
C) the impact of the feminist movement
D) increased employment and educational opportunities for women

Question 34

What is the main reason that international adoptions are increasing in popularity in Canada?

A) There is a cultural preference in Canada for adopting infants, which is difficult to fill in this country.
B) There are very few children in Canada available for adoption.
C) There are financial subsidies available to those who adopt abroad.
D) Celebrity adoptions have made the practice trendy.

Question 35

Why were the polygamy charges levelled against two members of the fundamentalist Mormon community of Bountiful, in British Columbia, thrown out?

A) There was a perception that the prosecution had acted unlawfully.
B) The Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees freedom of religious practice.
C) No one inside the community had ever complained about the practice.
D) The Crown could not demonstrate any harm arising out of the practice of polygamy.

Question 36

Which of the following is true of marriages between Caucasians and members of visible minorities in Canada?

A) They are more common than inter-religious marriages.
B) Constitute less than 3 percent of all married couples.
C) They were illegal until the mid-1960s.
D) They are decreasing in number.

Question 37

Which of the following is the best example of monogamy?

A) Troy and his sister Tracy live together in an apartment.
B) Ted and Tonya have been married to each other for 3 weeks.
C) Tori, Tito, and Tabitha have been living with each other for 14 years.
D) Tammy and her mother Therese live in the family home.

Question 38

In 2011, how many children in Canada aged 14 and under lived in a household with a
grandparent?

A) two million
B) one million
C) more than two million
D) less than one million

Question 39

Which of the following does the Census of Canada define as a family?

A) Two unrelated, cohabiting adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring.
B) A married or common-law couple, with or without children, or a lone parent living with at least one child, in the same dwelling.
C) A group of individuals related by blood, marriage or fosterage, who share the same dwelling.
D) A married couple and their married children living in the same dwelling.

Question 40

Identify and discuss the various forms of marriage found throughout most societies of the world.

Question 41

Describe the various norms of mate selection and explain how they may or may not be related to a love relationship.
12

Question 42

Discuss the variations of contemporary family styles found within Canada (and
abroad).

Question 43

Discuss the various factors associated with divorce that increased its acceptance
throughout the 20^th century.

Question 44

Is it reasonable for the Canadian government to prohibit polygamous marriage?
Why or why not?

Question 45

According to Max Weber, the emphasis of the Protestant ethic on hard work and
self-denial was essential to the development of capitalism.

Question 46

What proportion of the Canadian population consider themselves to be nonreligious?

A) 14 percent
B) 33 percent
C) 22 percent
D) 10 percent

Question 47

What is a new religious movement (or cult)?

A) a religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect yet remains isolated from society.
B) a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.
C) generally a small, alternative faith community that represents either a new religion or a major innovation in an existing faith.
D) a large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.

Question 48

What is a denomination?

A) A large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
B) A relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.
C) A generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.
D) A religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion.

Question 49

What is a sect?

A) A religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion.
B) A generally small, alternative faith community that represents either a new religion or a major innovation in an existing faith.
C) A large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
D) A relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of a denomination in Canada?

A) Jews for Jesus
B) the United Church of Canada
C) an Amish church
D) a storefront church in a downtown community

Question 51

Although it provides social order and individual opportunity, which of the following is a disadvantage of education?

A) Almost all high school graduates are now overqualified for many jobs.
B) Inequality is perpetuated.
C) Students develop poor eating habits in the education system.
D) There are not enough teachers in Canada.

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a school program designed to produce social change?

A) The teaching of abstinence as birth control.
B) The revision of the mathematics curriculum for the senior grades.
C) Anti-harassment and anti-bullying programs in physical education and health classes.
D) The elimination of Grade 13 in Ontario.

Question 53

From the standpoint of a functionalist definition of religion, what must religion always be?

A) apolitical
B) oriented towards a divine being
C) rooted in sacred texts
D) shared

Question 54

Which of the following forms of organization best describes the education system?

A) democracy
B) oligarchy
C) capitalist enterprise
D) bureaucracy

Question 55

Schools are important in the transmission of culture. Which of the following is NOT true of the nature of this transmission?

A) Students are exposed to a range of other people who may come from different class, ethnic or religious backgrounds, and who may think or act differently than they do.
B) Character development stressing socially important values may be incorporated into the curriculum.
C) Cultural transmission takes place only through the medium of the formal curriculum.
D) Students learn about what are considered to be important aspects of their country's history.

Question 56

Which of the following post-secondary student subcultures would support the functionalist perspective of education, particularly the importance of transmitting the dominant culture?

A) vocational
B) nonconformist
C) academic
D) collegiate

Question 57

What is the term for an increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field?

A) the worker-expectancy effect
B) credentialism
C) the hidden curriculum
D) escalation

Question 58

What does a functionalist definition of religion do?

A) Defines religion according to its sacred texts.
B) Defines religion according to how it operates in society.
C) Defines religion by the elements of its rituals.
D) Defines religion by the content of its doctrine.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about ecclesiae is correct?

A) In a society with an ecclesia, the economic and religious institutions often act in harmony and mutually reinforce one another's power over their relative spheres of influence.
B) Within the modern world, ecclesiae tend to be increasing in power.
C) Ecclesiae are exclusive, with high entrance and membership requirements.
D) Ecclesiae are radical and they challenge the leaders of a secular government.

Question 60

Which sociological perspective would describe a religious ritual as an affirmation of a belief?

A) feminist
B) conflict
C) functionalist
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 61

Among the following nations, which had the lowest percentage of persons who had completed higher education, as of 2008?

A) Great Britain
B) Italy
C) France
D) Finland

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT evidence of the promotion of cultural diversity in education?

A) Toronto has an Afro-centric school.
B) Schools with a large Aboriginal population offer classes on their original language.
C) Faith-based schools receive public funding.
D) French immersion is a popular program.

Question 63

What kind of definition asserts that religion has a unique content or substance relating to the sacred that separates it from other forms of knowledge and belief?

A) creationist definition of religion
B) fundamentalist definition of religion
C) sacred definition of religion
D) substantive definition of religion

Question 64

Which of the following was NOT a fundamental principle of the school system envisioned by Egerton Ryerson?

A) standardized texts
B) formal teacher training
C) religious segregation
D) funding by compulsory taxation

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Equality of access is not the same as equality of education.
B) Funding formulae instituted by the provinces ensure that all schools have equal resources.
C) Children in Northern communities do not always have access to basic education.
D) Education is under federal jurisdiction in Canada.

Question 66

What did Max Weber do?

A) He examined the influence of religion on suicide.
B) He called religion the "opiate of the masses".
C) He studied cult behaviour in Germany.
D) He examined the connection between religious faith and the rise of capitalism.

Question 67

According to the conflict perspective, the education system presents inequalities for certain students based on class, gender, and racial and ethnic differences when it comes to their chances of success in the world of work. Which of the following two concepts supports this belief?

A) tracking and credentialism
B) teacher-expectancy effect and the hidden curriculum
C) hidden curriculum and bestowal of status
D) correspondence principle and tracking

Question 68

Which of the following is considered a positive consequence of the bureaucratization of the school system in terms of serving as many students as possible?

A) division of labour
B) hierarchy of authority
C) employment based on technical qualifications
D) written rules and regulations

Question 69

What do critics of homeschooling suggest?

A) Homeschooled children who have an attention deficit disorder or other learning disability do not get the supports they need.
B) Homeschooled children are isolated from the larger community and lose an important chance to improve their socialization skills.
C) Homeschooled children are less academically prepared for college.
D) Homeschooled children are over-indulged and will not be successful in the workplace.

Question 70

Which of the following is true of educational attainment in Canada?

A) In 2010, the proportion of people aged 15 and older who had completed a high school diploma was over 90 percent.
B) Canada has the lowest high school dropout rate in the developed world.
C) In 2010, only 30 percent of Canadians aged 15 and older held a post-secondary degree.
D) The proportion of people aged 15 and older without a high school diploma decreased from approximately 38 percent in 1990 to 20 percent in 2010.

Question 71

Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?

A) In continuing education programs, adults have the opportunity to study a wide range of subjects.
B) In Israel, military service is compulsory.
C) In Cuba and China, students are taught how to cooperate and work together to achieve a common goal.
D) In Japan, students are taught the English language.

Question 72

Which of the following statements about the institution of education is NOT true?

A) Ideally, the institution selects those with ability and trains them for positions that require greater skill or knowledge.
B) In reality, the institution denies most disadvantaged children the same opportunities as children of the affluent.
C) Schools tend to preserve social class inequalities in each new generation.
D) Funding schools equally ensures equality of education.

Question 73

Why did Karl Marx oppose religion?

A) It did not make logical sense.
B) It impaired the productivity of workers.
C) It dulled the revolutionary impulse among workers.
D) It provided competition to the secular leadership.

Question 74

Which of the following is true of the question of faith in Canadian schools?

A) It has a lengthy history in Canada.
B) It has never been an issue in Canada.
C) It is a relatively recent debate that came about in the 1990s.
D) It is only relevant in Quebec.

Question 75

Why do many universities encourage first-year students to live on campus?

A) It alleviates parking problems on campus.
B) It increases the access of students to professors and improves the learning experience.
C) It provides more study opportunities and helps socialize students into good study habits.
D) It helps to create a sense of shared identity among students.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT a conflict perspective critique of tracking?

A) It fails to identify barriers to success.
B) It does not necessarily identify those students with the potential to succeed.
C) It limits the scope of interaction with students in other tracks.
D) It reinforces the disadvantages that children from less affluent families face.

Question 77

Which of the following was the first Canadian university to admit female students?

A) Queen's University
B) Mount Allison University
C) University of Ottawa
D) McGill University

Question 78

In 2008, how many international students attended Canadian post-secondary institutions?

A) fewer than 50,000
B) more than 100,000 but less than 200,000
C) more than 200,000
D) more than 50,000 but less than 100,000

Question 79

Which of the following pairs of religious perspectives utilizes the conflict theory to best describe how political action change can bring about positive consequences for society?

A) New religious movements and sects
B) Ecclesia and secularists
C) Liberation theology and the Protestant ethic
D) Monotheistic and cults

Question 80

To what does the term "liberation theology" refer?

A) The use of a church, primarily the Roman Catholic Church, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice.
B) The use of a Muslim mosque in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice.
C) A religious organization that claims to include most of the members of a society.
D) People who support a literal interpretation of the book of Genesis.