Deck 4: Theories and Planning Models

Question 1

A systematic arrangement of fundamental principles to explain events is known as a

A) model.
B) theory.
C) variable.
D) concept.

Answer 1

theory.

Question 2

A set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of events in order to explain or predict is known as a

A) concept.
B) variable.
C) model.
D) theory.

Answer 2

theory.

Question 3

Which of the following are designed to provide a framework on which health education/promotion can create plans for a program?

A) Constructs
B) Concepts
C) Variables
D) Models

Answer 3

Models

Question 4

The primary elements of a theory are

A) models.
B) concepts.
C) constructs.
D) variables.

Question 5

The best model for planning health promotion programs is

A) PRECEDE-PROCEED.
B) Model for Health Education Planning.
C) Generic Health/Fitness Delivery System.
D) There is no best model.

Question 6

The planning model that is best known and has been most often used in health promotion is

A) PRECEDE-PROCEED (Green & Kreuter).
B) Comprehensive Health Education Model (Sullivan).
C) Model for Health Education Planning (Ross and Mico).
D) Generic Health/Fitness Delivery System (Patton et al.).

Question 7

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is made of ________ phases.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 8

The three evaluation phases are generally associated with which portion of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

A) PRECEDE
B) PROCEED
C) MATCH
D) MAPP

Question 9

Which of the following planning models uses principles from PRECEDE-PROCEED and MATCH models?

A) CDCynergy (CDC)
B) Intervention Mapping (Bartholomew et al.)
C) Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (NACCHO)
D) Social Marketing Assessment Response Tool (Neiger & Thackeray)

Question 10

Which planning model is a socio-ecological planning approach?

A) CDCynergy (CDC)
B) PRECEDE-PROCEED (Green & Kreuter)
C) Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH)
D) Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (NACCHO)

Question 11

The Intervention Mapping model consists of ________ steps.

A) five
B) six
C) seven
D) eight

Question 12

Which of the following planning models begins with the phase of goal selection?

A) CDCynergy (CDC)
B) Intervention Mapping
C) PRECEDE-PROCEED (Green & Kreuter)
D) Multilevel Approach to Community Health

Question 13

Which of the following planning models provides content-specific editions to help health education specialists address various health problems?

A) CDCynergy (CDC)
B) PRECEDE-PROCEED (Green & Kreuter)
C) Multilevel Approach to Community Health
D) Model for Health Education Planning (Ross and Mico)

Question 14

Which of the following planning models supports intervention activities aimed at a variety of objectives and individuals?

A) CDCynergy (CDC)
B) Multilevel Approach to Community Health
C) Model for Health Education Planning (Ross and Mico)
D) Social Marketing Assessment Response Tool (Neiger & Thackeray)

Question 15

Identifying theory-based methods is a step in which of the following planning models?

A) CDCynergy (CDC)
B) Intervention Mapping
C) Model for Health Education Planning (Ross and Mico)
D) Generalized Model for Program Planning

Question 16

Visioning is a phase in which of the following planning models?

A) CDCynergy (CDC)
B) PRECEDE-PROCEED (Green & Kreuter)
C) Multilevel Approach to Community Health
D) Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP)

Question 17

The components of the PRECEDE model place emphasis on

A) diagnosis.
B) assessment.
C) epidemiology.
D) implementation.

Question 18

The components of the PROCEED model place emphasis on

A) evaluation.
B) assessment.
C) the target population.
D) predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors.

Question 19

The application of commercial marketing technologies to analyze, plan, execute, and evaluate programs that influence behavior change is known as

A) program planning.
B) social marketing.
C) community assessment.
D) program evaluation.

Question 20

Which of the following models focuses on programs delivered by public health professionals with responsibility for health communication?

A) CDCynergy (CDC)
B) Multilevel Approach to Community Health
C) Healthy People in Health Communities
D) Social Marketing Assessment Response Tool (Neiger & Thackeray)

Question 21

Which of the following planning models identifies the market analysis as one of its phases?

A) Comprehensive Health Education Model
B) PRECEDE-PROCEED (Green & Kreuter)
C) Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (NACCHO)
D) Social Marketing Assessment Response Tool (Neiger & Thackeray)

Question 22

________ utilizes planning matrices in the writing of behavior change objectives.

A) The Social Marketing Assessment Response Tool (Neiger & Thackeray)
B) The Model for Health Education Planning (Ross and Mico)
C) The Multilevel Approach to Community Health
D) Intervention Mapping

Question 23

Which of the following planning components was identified in all the planning models?

A) Learning activities
B) Needs assessment
C) Policy commitment
D) Review of self-help materials

Question 24

Which of the following is considered a stage theory?

A) Health Belief Model
B) Social Cognitive Theory
C) Theory of Planned Behavior
D) Precaution Adoption Process Model

Question 25

Which of the following are considered to be stage theories?

A) Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior
B) Social Cognitive Theory and the Informational-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model
C) Theory of Planned Behavior and Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
D) Precaution Adoption Process Model and the Transtheoretical Model of Change

Question 26

What five components seem to be common to all planning models?

A) Initiate, objective writing, planning, implementation, outcome evaluation
B) Needs assessment, data collection, planning, implementing the intervention, evaluation
C) Needs assessment, goal and objective setting, planning, implementation, process evaluation
D) Needs assessment, goal and objective setting, creating an intervention, implementation, evaluation

Question 27

Which of the following is not considered one of the steps used in the Generalized Model for Program Planning?

A) Assessing the needs of the target population
B) Developing a marketing plan
C) Creating an intervention
D) Evaluating the results

Question 28

A major reason why health educators should plan and use programs based on theory is

A) because it sounds good.
B) because other disciplines use theory.
C) to improve the chances for a successful program.
D) because theory provides legitimacy.

Question 29

________ is considered an intrapersonal theory.

A) Transtheoretical Model of Change
B) Social Network Theory
C) Social Cognitive Theory
D) Social Capital Theory

Question 30

In the Health Belief Model, the reduction of the threat of a disease is made up of

A) perceived susceptibility and severity.
B) perceived susceptibility and barriers.
C) perceived benefits and severity.
D) perceived benefits and barriers.

Question 31

In the Health Belief Model, the threat of disease is made up of

A) perceived susceptibility and severity.
B) perceived blockades and barriers.
C) perceived benefits and barriers.
D) cues to action.

Question 32

The concept that identifies the feeling of competency to overcome perceived barriers to take action is referred to as

A) perceived susceptibility.
B) contemplation.
C) self-efficacy.
D) deciding to act.

Question 33

According to the Transtheoretical Model of Change, an individual is not ready for behavior change if he/she is in the ________ stage.

A) precontemplation
B) contemplation
C) maintenance
D) action

Question 34

A person who registers for a smoking cessation program because he/she is really interested in quitting is considered to be in which stage of the Transtheoretical Model of Change?

A) Precontemplation
B) Contemplation
C) Maintenance
D) Termination

Question 35

A person who attends a smoking cessation program to please a family member, but is really not interested in quitting is probably in which stage of the Transtheoretical Model of Change?

A) Precontemplation
B) Termination
C) Relapse
D) Action

Question 36

"Do others think I should behave this way?" and "How much do I care what others think?" are questions that come from what part of the Theory of Planned Behavior?

A) Attitude toward the behavior
B) Perceived behavioral control
C) Subjective norm
D) Intentions

Question 37

Which of the following is the best descriptor of the socio-ecological approach?

A) Behaviors are influenced by interdependent domains
B) Social circumstances are the prominent domain that influences health behaviors
C) Genetics and the environment are the only variables of interest when developing interventions
D) Family influences are the most important determinant of health

Question 38

The goal of the Precaution Adoption Process Model is to

A) understand how populations progress toward maintaining a behavioral change.
B) examine how an individual intends to perform a given behavior.
C) explain how a person comes to a decision to take action and how a decision is put into action.
D) encourage learning as a reciprocal interaction among the individual's environment, cognitive processes, and behaviors.

Question 39

Innovators are the first to adopt an innovation according to which theory?

A) Coping Theory
B) Community Readiness Model
C) Transtheoretical Model of Change
D) Diffusion Theory

Question 40

According to which theory is a given behavior a function of attitude toward performing the behavior?

A) Health Belief Model
B) Transtheoretical Model of Change
C) Theory of Planned Behavior
D) Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model

Question 41

The________ was designed to explain how communication aimed at changing attitudes are received and processed by people.

A) PRECEDE-PROCEED model
B) Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model
C) Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
D) Diffusion Model

Question 42

The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion proposes three points. Which of the below is not one of the three points?

A) Attitudes can be formed via two types of persuasion
B) The two routes of persuasion usually lead to attitudes with different consequences
C) The specific communication must be tailored to the stage of change of the client
D) The model specifies how variables have an impact on persuasion

Question 43

According to the ________, the constructs of information, motivation, and behavioral skills are fundamental determinants of preventive behaviors.

A) Health Belief Model
B) Social Network Theory
C) Precaution Adoption Process Model
D) Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model

Question 44

Which of the following are considered community theories?

A) Diffusion Theory and Community Readiness Model
B) CDCynergy and Elaboration Likelihood Model for Persuasion
C) Social Cognitive Theory and Health Action Process Approach
D) Social Network Theory and Precaution Adoption Process Model

Question 45

The main construct of the ________ helps to explain the stages that individuals experience as they attempt to change their health behavior.

A) Coping Theory
B) Health Belief Model
C) Transtheoretical Model of Change
D) Problem-behavior Theory

Question 46

In the Diffusion Theory, which classification of people is least likely to adapt to change?

A) Innovators
B) Early majority
C) Late majority
D) Laggards

Question 47

Which of the following models is a stage theory for communities?

A) Coping Theory
B) Diffusion Theory
C) Community Readiness Model
D) Problem-behavior Theory

Question 48

The ________ attempts to explain how a person comes to the decision to take action and how the decision is translated into action.

A) Precaution Adoption Process Model
B) Multilevel Approach to Community
C) Health Action Process Approach
D) Transtheoretical Model of Change

Question 49

Which of the following models categorizes individuals based upon when they adopt a new behavior?

A) Coping Theory
B) Diffusion Theory
C) Community Readiness Model
D) Problem-behavior Theory

Question 50

The main reason why health education specialists should plan and use programs based upon theory is

A) it improves the chances for a successful program.
B) other disciplines use models for planning.
C) it is required by most work settings.
D) it sounds good.

Question 51

Why is it important to use theories in planning health education/promotion programs?

A) To assure the use of proper resources for each identified intervention
B) To prevent the omission of factors that may be empirically significant
C) To provide guidelines on how best to deliver an intervention
D) To provide specific directions by which to sequence program strategies

Question 52

The purpose of a theory is to simplify understanding of complex concepts.

Question 53

Theory should organize variables in order to explain and predict the events of a situation.

Question 54

A theory is a subclass of a model.

Question 55

A model is composed of a mixture of ideas taken from a variety of theories.

Question 56

Theories and models are constant; once developed they seldom change.

Question 57

In the health education/promotion profession, "theory-based" refers to both theories and models.

Question 58

The key component to the Social Network Theory is the relationship between and among individuals.

Question 59

Theories are important because they provide guidelines for the practice of health education.

Question 60

The practice of health education is based upon a single theory.

Question 61

Theories are used only to plan health education/promotion programs.

Question 62

The most often used theory of implementation is the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Question 63

The first four phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model are assessment.

Question 64

The last three phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model are evaluation.

Question 65

The main approach of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model is to begin with the desired outcome and work backwards to the causes.

Question 66

Intervention Mapping is considered a behavior change theory.

Question 67

The three stages of the Precaution Adoption Process Model are precontemplation, contemplation, and relapse.

Question 68

The Social Marketing Assessment and Response Tool and the Health Belief Model are stage theories.

Question 69

The Social Marketing Assessment Response Tool is based upon the principles of social marketing.

Question 70

The CDCynergy model can be distinguished from the other models by its focus on communications.

Question 71

All of the planning models include assessing the needs as one of the primary planning tasks.

Question 72

Intrapersonal theories focus on factors within individuals such as past experiences.

Question 73

The Health Belief Model is considered an interpersonal theory.

Question 74

The main concept of the Theory of Planned Behavior states an individual's readiness to change a behavior is based upon his/her perception of the threat of a health problem.

Question 75

One of the important stages in the Transtheoretical Model of Change is the subjective norm.

Question 76

The Theory of Planned Behavior is used to predict an individual's intended behavior.

Question 77

The Social Cognitive Theory is used to explain learning.

Question 78

The Social Network Theory describes learning as a shared interaction between individual's environment and behavior.

Question 79

The Diffusion Theory provides an explanation of how change (innovation) occurs in a given population.

Question 80

In the Diffusion Theory, early adopters are generally recognized as the first group to adopt a change.