Deck 2: The History of Health and Health Education/Promotion

Question 1

The history of health education as an emerging profession is just over ________ years old.

A) 100
B) 500
C) 1,000
D) 5,000

Answer 1

100

Question 2

It is assumed that the earliest humans initially learned to distinguish between things that were healthful and those that were harmful by

A) divine intervention.
B) instinct.
C) inherited knowledge.
D) trial and error.

Answer 2

trial and error.

Question 3

Excavated sites, dating back 4000 years, indicate that bathrooms and drains were common in

A) Rome.
B) Mycenae.
C) India.
D) Syria.

Answer 3

India.

Question 4

The ________ is the oldest written document related to health care dating from around 1600 BC.

A) Biblical transcript
B) Smith Papyri
C) Egyptian Health Manifesto
D) Code of Hammurabi

Question 5

The ________ is the earliest written record concerning public health.

A) Biblical transcript
B) Smith Papyri
C) Egyptian Health Manifesto
D) Code of Hammurabi

Question 6

Which book of the Bible is considered to be the world's first written hygienic code?

A) Obadiah
B) Zephaniah
C) Leviticus
D) Lamentations

Question 7

The Egyptians were considered to be

A) far more advanced in public health matters than the Greeks.
B) the writers of the earliest health care documents.
C) the founders of modern surgery.
D) the healthiest people of their time.

Question 8

The first people to put as much emphasis on prevention of disease as on the treatment of disease conditions were the

A) Egyptians.
B) Hebrews.
C) Greeks.
D) Romans.

Question 9

By the beginning of the 8th century BC, Greek mythology had endowed ________ as the god of medicine.

A) Asclepius
B) Hygeia
C) Mercury
D) Zeus

Question 10

The Greek physician credited as being the first epidemiologist and the father of modern medicine was

A) Hippocrates.
B) Asclepius.
C) Panacea.
D) Plato.

Question 11

The staff and serpent symbol, which also marked early Greek temples of healing, is known as

A) Hippocrates.
B) Caduceus.
C) Panacea.
D) Plato.

Question 12

Which period resulted in the production of realistic anatomical drawings?

A) Roman Empire
B) Middle Ages
C) Renaissance
D) Age of Enlightenment

Question 13

Which contribution to the history of medicine is not attributed to Hippocrates?

A) The distinction between 'endemic' diseases and 'epidemic' diseases
B) The belief that health was the result of balance and disease the result of imbalance
C) The Code of Hammurabi
D) The Hippocratic Oath

Question 14

The early society most famous for building sewage systems, water supply systems, baths, and other health facilities was the

A) Egyptians.
B) Greeks.
C) Romans.
D) Saxons.

Question 15

During what era were criminals dissected alive to improve medical knowledge?

A) Egyptian
B) Greek
C) Roman
D) Middle Ages

Question 16

Which of the following groups built the most extensive aqueduct system to bring fresh water to its subjects?

A) Egyptians
B) Greeks
C) Romans
D) Saxons

Question 17

Entire libraries were burned and knowledge about the human body was seen as sinful during the

A) Egyptian era.
B) Renaissance.
C) Roman era.
D) Middle Ages.

Question 18

Which great epidemic during the Middle Ages resulted in the most discrimination and isolation of its victims?

A) Syphilis
B) Bubonic plague
C) Leprosy
D) Smallpox

Question 19

During the Middle Ages, which of the following was considered one potential cause of the bubonic plague?

A) Syphilis
B) Unnatural hot and humid winds
C) Leprosy
D) Smallpox

Question 20

"Water casting" was a

A) means of diagnosing a patient's condition by examining the urine for changes in color.
B) means of casting out demons by throwing water on the inflicted individual.
C) method for diagnosing syphilis during the Roman era.
D) condition in which water was retained by the body when infected with leprosy.

Question 21

During the Renaissance period, much surgery and dentistry was performed by

A) physicians and dentists.
B) nurse midwives.
C) surgeons trained only by apprenticeship.
D) barbers.

Question 22

The Middle Ages can be characterized as a time

A) of health advances.
B) when many health advancements were lost.
C) focused on disease prevention efforts.
D) emphasizing naturalistic and holistic approaches.

Question 23

During which period did the concept of disease contagion become more universally accepted?

A) Roman Empire
B) Middle Ages
C) Renaissance
D) Age of Enlightenment

Question 24

During the 1700s the "miasmas theory" held that

A) disease was caused when vapors rising from rotting refuse were inhaled.
B) an imbalance of the mind, body, and spirit caused disease.
C) disease was caused by four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.
D) parasites in the water caused most disease.

Question 25

The smallpox vaccine was discovered during which period?

A) 1500s
B) 1600s
C) 1700s
D) 1800s

Question 26

Who wrote the Report on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain?

A) John Snow
B) James Lind
C) Edwin Chadwick
D) Thomas Muster

Question 27

John Snow was able to interrupt a cholera epidemic in London by

A) placing those infected in quarantine.
B) removing a pump handle.
C) promoting daily bathing.
D) developing a new antibiotic.

Question 28

Who proposed the germ theory of disease?

A) Robert Koch
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Joseph Lister
D) Edwin Chadwick

Question 29

To address the many health problems facing U.S. cities in the late 1700s, some cities developed health

A) laws.
B) rules.
C) boards.
D) regulations.

Question 30

Public health reform in the United States was stimulated by the landmark Report on the Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts written by

A) Edwin Chadwick.
B) Thomas Dewy.
C) Horace Mann.
D) Lemuel Shattuck.

Question 31

Which of the following is not a result of the landmark Report on the Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts?

A) The first full-time county health departments were formed.
B) State boards of health were formed.
C) The National Tuberculosis Study was conducted.
D) The collection and analysis of vital statistics became practice.

Question 32

Stephen Smith's effort to initiate a national sanitary association eventually evolved into the

A) American Association for Health Education (AAHE).
B) American Public Health Association (APHA).
C) Society of Public Health Educators (SOPHE).
D) Association for Worksite Health Promotion (AWHP).

Question 33

The first national voluntary health agency established in 1902 was the

A) American Cancer Society.
B) American Heart Association.
C) Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts.
D) National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis.

Question 34

Passage of the 1798 Marine Hospital Services Act established a structure that eventually evolved into today's

A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
B) U.S. Public Health Service.
C) National Institutes of Health.
D) U.S. Marine Corps.

Question 35

Which act provided support for state health departments and their programs, including the development of sanitary facilities and improvements in maternal and child health?

A) Ransdell Act
B) Social Security Act
C) Hill-Burton Act
D) Congressional Health Services Act

Question 36

The federal government's involvement in social issues including health began with passage of the

A) Medicare Act.
B) Medicaid Act.
C) Ransdell Act.
D) Social Security Act.

Question 37

Dr. Mayhew Derryberry is credited with

A) predicting how the shift from contagious to chronic diseases would impact health education.
B) establishing Medicare and Medicaid.
C) presenting Canadians with epidemiological evidence supporting the importance of lifestyle and environmental factors to health and sickness.
D) establishing what is now known as the National Institute of Health.

Question 38

________ was created to assist in the payment of medical bills for the elderly.

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Social Security
D) Health insurance

Question 39

The first national effort to promote the health of citizens through a more preventative approach took place in what country?

A) United States
B) England
C) Germany
D) Canada

Question 40

What famous Canadian report presented epidemiological evidence supporting the importance of lifestyle and environmental factors on health and sickness, and called for numerous national health promotion strategies?

A) A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians
B) A Report Card on Canadian Health Promotion Efforts
C) Canadian Healthy Diary
D) National Health Objectives for Canada Care

Question 41

In the United States the first major recognition of the importance of lifestyle in promoting health and well-being came in the form of a governmental publication titled

A) Healthy People.
B) Surgeon General's Report on the Health of Americans.
C) A Report Card on U.S. Health Indicators.
D) National Health Objectives for the year 1990.

Question 42

Which of the following is not an overarching goal of Healthy People 2020?

A) Living longer lives
B) Creating healthy environments
C) Eliminating disparities
D) Conducting critical research

Question 43

The most recent set of national health objectives for the United States is titled

A) Healthy People 2000.
B) Healthy People 2010.
C) Healthy People 2020.
D) Healthy People 2030.

Question 44

The Standard Occupational Classification Policy Review Committee approved the creation of a new, distinct classification for the occupation of health educator in

A) the mid-1800s.
B) the late 1800s.
C) the mid-1900s.
D) the late 1900s.

Question 45

Massachusetts passed the first mandatory education law in 1647 to

A) ensure children were prepared to become public servants in their community.
B) provide basic skills for female children.
C) combat plagues and other contagious diseases that were spreading throughout the community.
D) help promote the reading of the Bible.

Question 46

Who was the secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education in 1837 and repeatedly called for mandatory programs of hygiene education for students?

A) Horace Mann
B) Lemuel Shattuck
C) Thomas Dewy
D) Charles Darwin

Question 47

Founded in 1927, the American Association of School Physicians evolved into the

A) American Association for Health Education.
B) American College Health Association.
C) School Health Section of the American Public Health Association.
D) American School Health Association.

Question 48

The first national effort to promote the teaching of health related curriculum in the schools was directed by the

A) Women's Christian Temperance Union.
B) American Cancer Society.
C) American Lung Association.
D) National March of Dimes.

Question 49

Among her many accomplishments, Miss Sally Lucas Jean was ultimately responsible for

A) writing the first health objectives for the United States.
B) changing the name from hygiene education to health education.
C) chairing a presidential commission on health education.
D) developing the first health education curriculum.

Question 50

What happened during World War I that provided the impetus for widespread acceptance of school health education as a field in its own right?

A) The incidence of tuberculosis increased rapidly
B) School health was required of all children for the first time
C) Too many young men were unfit for service
D) The first college program for health education was established

Question 51

Which of the following best represents the results of the School Health Education Study conducted by Dr. Elena Sliepcevich?

A) Health attitudes and behaviors among the students surveyed were excellent
B) Content knowledge among students surveyed was high
C) The results were appalling with numerous misconceptions about health at all levels
D) The results indicated good fitness and tobacco behaviors, but poor nutrition behaviors

Question 52

One of the more important health education studies that was conducted in the Los Angeles Area and was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of school health work in selected schools and colleges of the area was the

A) School Health Education Evaluation Study.
B) School Health Effectiveness Project.
C) National School Health Assessment.
D) Regional Health Promotion and Education Survey.

Question 53

Eight interactive components working together to enhance the health and well-being of the students, faculty, staff, and community within a school district are known as

A) Comprehensive School Health Education.
B) a Coordinated School Health Program.
C) a Complete School Health Integration Program.
D) a Regulated School Health Plan.

Question 54

The most recent school health publication focused on improving educational achievement for all students and improved health for the United States is the

A) Standards for Health Literacy.
B) School Health Advisory Council Handbook.
C) Coordinated School Health Program Guidebook.
D) National Health Education Standards.

Question 55

When developing school health curriculum, the CDC recommends emphasizing six key risk behaviors because the behaviors

A) are the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults.
B) are the most controllable by young people.
C) typically begin in early adulthood.
D) have been proven to be most easily changed through education.

Question 56

The coordinated school health concept has dominated the school health arena but has failed to reach its full potential in most schools because

A) the recess before lunch concept has been a priority.
B) the leadership to promote and coordinate school health programs is lacking.
C) the program is too prescriptive for most administrators to implement.
D) it lacks federal support.

Question 57

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

A) expands healthcare to millions of uninsured Americans.
B) will limit opportunities for health education specialists to promote health.
C) focuses on providing affordable health education for high risk teens.
D) will protect patients from physicians who fail to employ high standards of care.

Question 58

The formal classification for the occupation of health education was significant because it

A) allowed health educators to be eligible to sit for a certification exam.
B) made it possible to determine the number of health education specialists employed.
C) allowed health education specialists to serve as government consultants.
D) guided undergraduate health education program admission rates.

Question 59

Health literacy is defined as an individual's ability to read health information.

Question 60

The need for professional health educators emerged as human beings' knowledge of health and health care increased.

Question 61

Earliest man believed that disease and infirmity were caused by the influence of magic or malevolent spirits that inhabited streams, trees, animals, the earth, and the air.

Question 62

The earliest written record concerning public health was the Smith Papyri.

Question 63

Egyptian medicine never advanced far beyond primitive medicine, relying on faith in magic spells.

Question 64

The Egyptians possessed a strong sense of personal cleanliness and were considered to be the healthiest people of their time.

Question 65

The Egyptians utilized numerous pharmaceutical preparations and constructed earth privies for sewage as well as public drainage pipes.

Question 66

During the Greek era, the role of physician began to take shape and a more scientific view of medicine emerged.

Question 67

In Greek mythology Hygeia was given the power to prevent disease.

Question 68

Hippocrates taught that health was the result of prayer.

Question 69

The balance of mind, body, and spirit was a focus of the Romans.

Question 70

The Greeks emphasized instruction related to philosophy, athletics, and theology in order for individuals to maintain balance.

Question 71

The Hippocratic Oath continues to be used today as the basis for medical ethics.

Question 72

Asclepius has been credited as being the first epidemiologist and the father of modern medicine.

Question 73

As engineers, builders, and administrators, the Greeks had no equal among early civilizations.

Question 74

The Romans had a great appreciation for hygiene and developed an extensive system of private and public baths.

Question 75

The Romans can be credited with making many health advancements.

Question 76

The Middle Ages can be characterized as a time of health advancements.

Question 77

The Egyptians were the first to build hospitals.

Question 78

The years from 1875 to 1900 are known as the bacteriological period of public health.

Question 79

Entire libraries were burned and knowledge about the human body was seen as sinful during the Middle Ages.

Question 80

The contagion concept associated with leprosy and bubonic plague severely weakened the argument of those promoting the sin-disease theory.