Deck 14: Education, Health, and Medicine

Question 1

Which of following is FALSE regarding schooling and economic development?

A) Approximately one-third of the people around the world cannot read or write.
B) In low-income nations, available schooling tends to go to boys.
C) Schooling in low-income and middle-income countries reflects the cultural diversity and economic development of each nation.
D) In low-income nations, there are few differences in literacy between males and females.
E) The extent of schooling in any society is tied to its patriarchal traditions.

Answer 1

In low-income nations, there are few differences in literacy between males and females.

Question 2

Considering worldwide literacy rates, what appears to be a major prerequisite for literacy?

A) national wealth
B) Christian religion
C) authoritarian traditions
D) capitalist economy
E) agriculture

Answer 2

national wealth

Question 3

Which of the following statements about schooling in India is FALSE?

A) The opportunity for schooling is limited for many children because their parents depend on their income.
B) Most people in India now receive some primary education.
C) Only about 10 percent of the Indian people are literate.
D) Patriarchy is an influence; a large majority of children working in factories are females.
E) Schooling is emphasized more for males than for females.

Answer 3

Only about 10 percent of the Indian people are literate.

Question 4

In the early grades, Japanese schools foster cultural values of:

A) competitiveness.
B) respect for the state.
C) obedience.
D) tradition and obligation to family.
E) North American culture.

Question 5

In Japan, your aspirations to attend college or university will be thwarted if:

A) you have poor test scores.
B) your social background is not "up to par."
C) your wealth is minimal.
D) you are a female.
E) your siblings did not go to that college.

Question 6

What is true about the percentages of Japanese who graduate from high school compared with those who graduate in Canada?

A) More men and women graduate from high school in Japan.
B) More men and women graduate from high school in Canada.
C) More men graduate from high school in Canada.
D) The graduation percentages are equivalent.
E) More men and women never finish high school in Japan.

Question 7

What is true about the percentages of Japanese and Canadian high school graduates who go on to college?

A) More men and women enter college in Japan.
B) More men and women enter college in Canada.
C) Under 40 percent enter college in both countries.
D) Japanese women are more likely to enter college than are women in Canada.
E) Competitive exams enhance the number of youths bound for post-secondary education in Japan.

Question 8

If you owned a technology centre, where would you find the best student mathematicians and scientists to staff it?

A) England
B) Germany
C) Japan
D) United States
E) Canada

Question 9

What is the term for the legal requirement that children receive a minimum of education?

A) required schooling law
B) maximum education law
C) minimum education law
D) educational standards law
E) mandatory education law

Question 10

Schooling in the United States reflects:

A) democratic socialism.
B) the laws of supply and demand.
C) the value of equal opportunity.
D) values that are not very practical.
E) the value of exclusion.

Question 11

The functions of schooling include which of the following?

A) socializing adults
B) social innovation
C) helping to segregate a diverse society
D) social placement
E) tracking

Question 12

In 2011, Canadian provincial and federal governments spent ____ percent of the GDP on education.

A) 10.3
B) 2.8
C) 5.6
D) 64.1
E) 50.0

Question 13

According to the 2011 census, approximately _______ percent of Canadians aged 25 to 64 have acquired a post-secondary education certificate, diploma, or degree.

A) 25
B) 35
C) 45
D) 55
E) 65

Question 14

In 2011, among 25- to 34-year-olds, women made up approximately _______ percent of all those who have graduated.

A) 44
B) 54
C) 60
D) 64
E) 68

Question 15

What would happen to schooling if the growing technological complexity reversed itself in Canada?

A) Schooling would be unaffected.
B) The technology curriculum would increase in size.
C) The socialization role of schools would decline.
D) The socialization role of school would increase.
E) The socialization role of school would remain unaffected.

Question 16

As a structural-functionalist, where would you say that the instruction of approved values and norms is particularly important?

A) in multicultural societies
B) in religious societies
C) in low-income societies
D) in industrial societies
E) in agrarian societies

Question 17

What is a latent function of schooling, according to structural-functional analysis?

A) elder care
B) teaching of skills
C) consumption of the time and energy of adults
D) aiding in establishing short-term relationships
E) occupying young people

Question 18

Social-conflict analysis associates formal education with:

A) students' skill enhancement.
B) the improvement of personal well-being.
C) global competitiveness.
D) patterns of cohesion.
E) patterns of social inequality.

Question 19

Standardized testing, according to social-conflict analysis is:

A) an accurate measure of intelligence.
B) the only viable option when performance must be evaluated.
C) biased in favour of the dominant culture.
D) not likely to be used much any longer.
E) biased in favour of minority cultures.

Question 20

Social-conflict analysis uses the term ________ to refer to the categorical assigning of students to different types of education programs.

A) ability placement
B) differential placement
C) tracking
D) hierarchical education
E) meritocracy

Question 21

According to social-conflict analysis, educational tracking:

A) is the only strategy in a culturally diverse society.
B) is a necessary evil that enhances individual achievement.
C) affects a student's performance, but not his or her self-concept.
D) perpetuates the disadvantaged position of children from poor families.
E) perpetuates social equality.

Question 22

In 2015, about ________ percent of students in Canada's primary and secondary schools were attending private schools.

A) 1
B) 6
C) 12
D) 20
E) 35

Question 23

Private schools in Canada:

A) prepare students more effectively for leadership positions than do public schools.
B) show the highest rates of student achievement.
C) have a somewhat less demanding curriculum.
D) have become more ethnically diverse.
E) do not allow coed situations.

Question 24

Why does the public school financing not differ much across Canadian provinces and territories?

A) because all Canadians are fair
B) because all Canadians cherish education
C) because Canadians want to emulate the American system
D) because of the redistribution of wealth through income tax
E) because all Canadian provinces are geographically the same

Question 25

If all schools were exactly the same across Canada, would all students perform the same?

A) Yes, all students would perform the same.
B) No, those students whose families value and encourage learning would still perform better.
C) Yes, because equal opportunity equals equal performance.
D) No, students with values would excel.
E) Yes, because extra-curricular activities would be the same.

Question 26

Which of the following is true regarding access to higher education in Canada?

A) Fewer young people are accessing higher education today.
B) Those from less privileged family backgrounds are increasing their participation more than those from privileged backgrounds.
C) Government funding of overall institutional revenues has increased steadily for the past twenty years.
D) New immigrants to Canada attain more education than do their Canadian-born counterparts.
E) The amount owing by those who take out student loans is increasing.

Question 27

The most crucial factor affecting access to college in Canada is:

A) gender.
B) family income.
C) personal achievement.
D) athletic ability.
E) social networks.

Question 28

In terms of educational achievement in Canada, what is the key theme of the social-conflict analysis?

A) Our educational system is inherently unequal.
B) Our educational system is a tainted meritocracy.
C) Schooling transforms social privilege into personal merit.
D) Schooling does meet the intellectual needs of students, due to the tracking system.
E) University is a rite of passage for all men and women.

Question 29

Canadian society, which evaluates people on the basis of educational degrees, is called:

A) an objective society.
B) a credential society.
C) an education-based society.
D) an overqualification-based society.
E) a transcendent society.

Question 30

Which of the following is a reward of post-secondary education?

A) physical growth
B) decreased opportunities for employment
C) lower income, especially for women
D) reduced unemployment
E) equal income for women and men

Question 31

Which of the following is a valid criticism of a social-conflict analysis of education?

A) It ignores the role of social inequality in formal education.
B) It ignores how schooling transforms privilege into personal worthiness.
C) It minimizes the extent to which schooling provides upward mobility for talented men and women from all backgrounds.
D) It overemphasizes the ways in which today's colleges and universities are challenging social inequalities.
E) It overemphasizes the role of perceptions in determining personal merit.

Question 32

Which is true about discipline in Canadian schools?

A) The problems of today are similar to those encountered by teachers 50 years ago.
B) One-third of Canadian teenagers under age 18 believed violence had decreased in their school over the previous five years.
C) Violence is expected to decrease as teachers and administrators are gaining more authority in dealing with troublemakers.
D) The disorder spills into schools from the surrounding society.
E) Today's students grapple with drug and alcohol abuse, teenage pregnancy, and outright violence.

Question 33

What is the term for the way in which bureaucratic schools ignore the cultural character of the local community?

A) rigid uniformity
B) rigid expectations
C) specialization
D) bureaucratic ethnocentricity
E) uniform expectations

Question 34

According to Sizer, which of the following are ways in which large, bureaucratic schools undermine education?

A) rigid uniformity
B) too much individual responsibility
C) subjective comments
D) generalization
E) lenient expectations

Question 35

What is the term for the dynamic of bureaucracy that rewards a student for going through the "proper"schooling sequence?

A) bureaucratic uniformity
B) rigid expectations
C) performance ratings
D) sequential expectations
E) uniform constrictions

Question 36

What is true about college and university classrooms in Canada?

A) Passivity is very common in colleges and universities.
B) Sociologists tend not to conduct research on the college classroom.
C) On average, 40 percent of class time is used for productive discussion.
D) Interaction patterns in the college classroom are difficult to predict.
E) Most students think classroom passivity is the fault of instructors.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about the quality of education in Canada is true?

A) Few people have fears regarding the standard of education in Canada.
B) Our students spend more time studying than their counterparts in Japan.
C) Canadian adults compare poorly to adults in other nations on literacy performance measures.
D) Few older Canadians have difficulty coping with literacy demands of daily living.
E) The education system has not eradicated functional illiteracy.

Question 38

The lack of basic reading and writing skills needed for everyday living is called:

A) ignorance.
B) illiteracy.
C) operational ignorance.
D) functional illiteracy.
E) functional literacy.

Question 39

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being is termed:

A) balance.
B) health.
C) nirvana.
D) entropy.
E) medicine.

Question 40

Which of the following statements about health and society is FALSE?

A) People judge their health relative to that of others.
B) What is healthy is what people hold to be morally good.
C) Cultural standards of health are static.
D) Health relates to the level of technology.
E) Health and social inequality are intertwined.

Question 41

Society shapes human health in which of the following ways?

A) Cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy.
B) Social equality affects health.
C) Technology affects medicine.
D) Cultural standards of health remain the same over time.
E) Society provides objective standards for determining health.

Question 42

Which of the following is a leading cause of death in Canada today?

A) heart disease
B) accidents
C) AIDS
D) diabetes
E) influenza

Question 43

You are studying to be a physician in a low-income country. What will be true of your job?

A) You will encounter the same disease patterns as are found in Canada.
B) You will encounter the same disease patterns as were found in Western Europe 50 years ago.
C) You will have strong competition for your services from other physicians.
D) You will see poor sanitation and malnutrition kill people of all ages, particularly girls and women.
E) Modern medicine will conquer all health problems you encounter.

Question 44

All else being equal, what would be a likely consequence of declining death rates in low-income countries?

A) zero population growth
B) starvation due to overpopulation
C) a rapid social change leading to industrialization
D) the exodus of large numbers of physicians
E) population decline

Question 45

In its beginnings, what effect did the Industrial Revolution have on health in Western Europe and North America?

A) It improved health by drawing people from rural to urban areas.
B) It did little to improve health.
C) It equalized access to health care.
D) It resulted in the initiation of worker safety laws.
E) It resulted in dense living conditions with high-tech sanitation systems.

Question 46

In 1921, the leading cause of death in Canada was ________; today, however, almost two-thirds of deaths are caused by:

A) chronic diseases; infectious diseases
B) crime; accidents
C) accidents; crime
D) infectious diseases; crime
E) heart disease; cancer

Question 47

You are a medical scientist who wishes to conduct research on the number-one cause of death in Canada. Upon what should your research focus?

A) heart disease
B) cerebrovascular disease
C) cancer
D) accidents
E) diabetes

Question 48

Which combination of diseases accounts for most of the deaths in Canada today?

A) heart disease, cancer, influenza, and pneumonia
B) heart disease, cancer, and stroke
C) heart disease, cancer, and AIDS
D) heart disease, cancer, and lung disease
E) heart disease, pneumonia, and diabetes

Question 49

What is the term for the study of the distribution of health and disease in a society's population?

A) demography
B) sociology of health
C) sociology of medicine
D) economic epidemiology
E) social epidemiology

Question 50

What is true of age, sex, and death in Canada?

A) Across the life course, women are healthier than men.
B) Socialization aids men's health, while hindering women's health.
C) Women are more likely than men to suffer from "coronary-prone" behaviour.
D) Men and women are equally likely to report poor mental health.
E) Across the life course, men are healthier than women.

Question 51

What might explain gender differences in mental health problems?

A) athletes in "extreme" sports
B) gender roles
C) our cultural definition of success
D) the Bruce Willis Syndrome
E) society's overemphasis on the feminine

Question 52

What is true regarding health for Aboriginal Canadians?

A) Aboriginal men and women outlive white females.
B) Aboriginal men and women outlive white males.
C) Aboriginal women outlive both white males and white females.
D) Metis women outlive white males.
E) They are less likely to die in infancy.

Question 53

Cigarette smoking in Canada first became prevalent:

A) in the early 1800s.
B) after World War I.
C) in the late 1800s.
D) after World War II.
E) after the Boer War.

Question 54

During the twentieth century, the prevalence of cigarette smoking in Canada:

A) peaked in the 1960s and declined substantially thereafter.
B) peaked in the 1960s, declined, then resurged in 1990.
C) peaked in the 1950s and began to increase again in the late 1980s.
D) steadily declined.
E) steadily increased.

Question 55

If you are looking for a partner who does not smoke, you should probably:

A) avoid educated people.
B) seek out someone who is relatively stress-free.
C) avoid unemployed people.
D) seek out military people.
E) seek divorced or separated people.

Question 56

According to medical research, which is true about smoking?

A) Smokers experience less frequent minor illness.
B) Pregnant women who smoke decrease the likelihood of prenatal death.
C) Nonsmokers exposed to second-hand smoke have a lower risk of smoking-related diseases.
D) Smoking is psychologically but not physically addictive.
E) Pregnant women who smoke increase likelihood of low birth-weight babies.

Question 57

What has been the tobacco industry's response to research evidence about smoking?

A) They have increased television and radio advertising.
B) They have participated more in anti-smoking campaigns.
C) They have provided money from company profits for research on smoke-related illnesses.
D) They have participated in many cancer studies.
E) They have increased sales abroad, especially in low-income countries.

Question 58

An eating disorder is defined as:

A) excessive eating combined with excessive dieting.
B) an intense involvement with a long-term eating and vomiting cycle.
C) an intense form of dieting or other unhealthy method of weight control.
D) an obsessive compulsion either to eat or not to eat.
E) an obsessive compulsion to look at and manipulate food.

Question 59

You are going to meet a person who has a condition called anorexia nervosa. In all likelihood, this person:

A) is white and affluent.
B) is Aboriginal and isolated.
C) is white and poor.
D) is a minority and wealthy.
E) could be any of the above; no particular group is more susceptible to anorexia nervosa.

Question 60

Which of the following statements about college-aged men and women is FALSE?

A) Men display much the same level of dissatisfaction over body shape as do women.
B) Most women widely accept the idea that "guys like thin girls."
C) Most women think being thin is critical to physical attractiveness.
D) Most women believe that they are not as thin as men would like them to be.
E) Body image dissatisfaction for men is related to unhealthy bodybuilding practices.

Question 61

What is the most likely cause of an eating disorder in Canada?

A) genetics
B) the idealized image of beauty
C) being born a male
D) pre-adolescence
E) illusions of power

Question 62

The incidence of gonorrhea and syphilis in Canada has ________ since the 1980s.

A) stayed the same
B) continually inclined
C) continually declined
D) spiked at a tremendous rate
E) declined then increased

Question 63

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first identified in:

A) 1945.
B) 1976.
C) 1968.
D) 1981.
E) 1990.

Question 64

In 2011, an estimated ________ people worldwide contracted HIV.

A) 50 000
B) 200 000
C) 500 000
D) 1 000 000
E) 2 000 000

Question 65

By the end of 2011, approximately ________ people in Canada had already died from AIDS.

A) 17 000 to 19 000
B) 50 000 to 70 000
C) 100 000 to 120 000
D) 125 000 to 130 000
E) 300 000 to 350 000

Question 66

Globally, ________ million people have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

A) 5
B) 10
C) 13
D) 34
E) 130

Question 67

You are conducting research on AIDS and you wish to have data on the geographical region with the highest number of AIDS cases. What region of the world should you select?

A) North America
B) Africa
C) Asia
D) South America
E) Australia

Question 68

Which of the following is a vehicle for the transmission of AIDS?

A) sneezing
B) shaking hands
C) blood
D) celibacy
E) smoking pot

Question 69

Worldwide, what is the primary means of HIV transmission?

A) homosexual relations
B) heterosexual relations
C) injection drug use
D) kissing
E) coughing

Question 70

Which of the following is FALSE regarding AIDS in Canada?

A) Educational programs remain the most effective weapon against AIDS.
B) Some drugs have shown to be effective in suppressing symptoms of the disease.
C) Safe injection sites are associated with drug users entering detox and other treatment facilities.
D) The Canadian government has agreed to open safe injection sites throughout Canada.
E) Funding for AIDS research has increased dramatically in recent years.

Question 71

Which of the following is FALSE regarding euthanasia?

A) It is one of today's most difficult issues.
B) It is still against the Criminal Code in Canada to assist a suicide.
C) Critics argue that permitting active euthanasia invites abuse.
D) Active euthanasia involves allowing a dying person to enlist the services of a physician.
E) In countries where assisted suicide is legal, assisted suicide occurs only with a patient's explicitly written request to die.

Question 72

The Canadian Medical Association was founded in:

A) 1821.
B) 1850.
C) 1857.
D) 1867.
E) 1967.

Question 73

The medical establishment can be described as oriented toward:

A) holistic treatment.
B) herbal healing.
C) traditional healing arts.
D) scientific medicine.
E) psychological treatment.

Question 74

What did the Flexner report highlight?

A) the abysmal situation of Canadian and American medical education
B) the high standards of medical education in high-income countries
C) the importance of faith healing
D) more women were graduating in medical school
E) Madame Currie's discovery of the polio vaccine

Question 75

What is scientific medicine?

A) the social institution that focuses on patient rights
B) the social institution that focuses on living wills
C) the social institution that provides care based on your ability to pay
D) the social institution that focuses on holistic medicine
E) the social institution that focuses on combating disease and improving health

Question 76

What is the approach to health care that emphasizes prevention of illness and takes into account a person's entire physical and social environment?

A) medicine
B) scientific medicine
C) health care
D) holistic health
E) flexible treatment

Question 77

Which of the following is a foundation of holistic health care?

A) surgery as a first resort
B) dependency
C) patients are victims
D) secondary treatment
E) focus on how people's environment and lifestyle affect health

Question 78

What is true about medicine in China?

A) There is no health care in rural China.
B) China now has private medical care.
C) Holistic medicine is unavailable in China.
D) The "floating population" of China has health insurance.
E) Traditional healing arts are still widely practised in rural and urban areas.

Question 79

What is true about the Russian Federation?

A) Despite its political transition, medical care in Russia has not changed.
B) The belief that everyone has a right to basic health care remains strong.
C) Medical care is now provided by corporations.
D) Russian physicians now earn about as much as their counterparts in Canada.
E) People have the right to choose their physician.

Question 80

Which country does not offer a government-operated program of care for everyone?

A) Sweden
B) United States
C) Great Britain
D) Canada
E) Finland