Deck 13: Family and Religion

Question 1

What is the social institution that unites people in cooperative groups to oversee the bearing and raising of children?

A) descent group
B) family
C) nuclear family
D) kinship
E) unit group

Answer 1

family

Question 2

Which of the following refers to a social bond based on blood, marriage, or adoption?

A) descent group
B) family
C) nuclear family
D) kinship
E) unit group

Answer 2

kinship

Question 3

A legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing, that people expect to last is:

A) marriage.
B) kinship.
C) a family unit.
D) cohabitation.
E) extended family.

Answer 3

marriage.

Question 4

What is a family unit including parents, their children, and other kin?

A) a family
B) a nuclear family
C) a kinship group
D) a peer group
E) an extended family

Question 5

Which of the following most accurately describes an extended family?

A) a family unit composed of two parents and their children
B) a family unit composed of one parent and his or her children
C) a family unit composed of parents, children, and other kin
D) a social unit composed of two separate families
E) a communal family

Question 6

Which of the following cultural norms promotes the pattern of marriage between people of the same social category?

A) polygamy
B) exogamy
C) monogamy
D) endogamy
E) polyandry

Question 7

You wish to build a homogeneous society. What pattern of marriage should you encourage?

A) polygamy
B) exogamy
C) monogamy
D) polyandry
E) endogamy

Question 8

Marriage between people of different social categories is called:

A) polygamy.
B) exogamy.
C) monogamy.
D) endogamy.
E) polyandry.

Question 9

You wish to build a very diverse society. You should encourage:

A) polygamy.
B) exogamy.
C) monogamy.
D) endogamy.
E) polyandry.

Question 10

Which of the following describes the logic of endogamy?

A) It helps to forge useful alliances.
B) It helps to keep inherited kinship traits consistent within the kinship group.
C) It is economically beneficial.
D) It allows those of different social position to pass along their standing to offspring, thereby maintaining traditional social patterns.
E) It allows those of similar social position to pass along their standing to offspring, thereby maintaining traditional social patterns.

Question 11

Which of the following describes the logic of exogamy?

A) It helps to forge useful alliances and promotes the spread of culture.
B) It helps to keep inherited kinship traits consistent within the kinship group.
C) It is economically beneficial.
D) It allows those of similar social position to pass along their standing to offspring.
E) It maintains traditional social patterns.

Question 12

What personal characteristic typically is required for polygyny in societies that permit it?

A) personal charisma
B) longevity
C) personal wealth
D) social respect
E) gender equality

Question 13

What is the term for a marriage that joins one female with more than one male?

A) polygamy
B) endogamy
C) polyandry
D) polygyny
E) matriarchy

Question 14

Which of the following is FALSE regarding marriage patterns in Canada?

A) Polygamy is illegal in Canada.
B) Some provincial governments have allowed polygamy to continue in some communities.
C) Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms serves to protect some polygamists from legal charges.
D) Monogamy is the dominant marriage pattern in Canada.
E) There are no existing polygamist colonies in Canada.

Question 15

The term for a married couple living with or near the husband's family is:

A) matrilocality.
B) patrilocality.
C) linearlocality.
D) neolocality.
E) bilocality

Question 16

In what residential pattern does a married couple live with or near the wife's family?

A) matrilocality
B) patrilocality
C) linearlocality
D) neolocality
E) bilocality

Question 17

What is the residential pattern in which a married couple lives apart from the parents of both spouses?

A) matrilocality
B) patrilocality
C) linearlocality
D) neolocality
E) bilocality

Question 18

What is the system by which members of a society trace kinship over generations?

A) descent
B) bilocal descent
C) bilateral descent
D) patrilineal descent
E) inheritance

Question 19

________ descent is found more frequently in horticultural societies, where women are the primary food producers.

A) Patrilineal
B) Neolocal
C) Matrilineal
D) Polygyneal
E) Bilocal

Question 20

What is a system for tracing kinship through both male and female lines?

A) bilateral descent
B) matrilocal descent
C) patrilineal descent
D) bilocal descent
E) inheritance

Question 21

The predominance of polygyny, patrilocality, and patrilineal descent in the world reflects the universal presence of:

A) matriarchy.
B) patriarchy.
C) egalitarianism.
D) social mores.
E) culture.

Question 22

The ________ paradigm identifies the family as the backbone of society.

A) social-conflict
B) symbolic-interaction
C) structural-functional
D) social-exchange
E) postmodern

Question 23

What is term for the cultural norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain kin?

A) incest regulation
B) incest taboo
C) social mores
D) birth control
E) polygyny

Question 24

Which of the following is a criticism of structural-functional theory on the family?

A) It promotes diversity of family life.
B) It focuses on how other social institutions could meet some of the same needs.
C) It emphasizes the negative aspects of family life.
D) It places too much emphasis on the family's role in social stratification.
E) It overlooks the role of patriarchy in family life.

Question 25

According to the social-conflict analysis, the family serves to:

A) provide material and emotional security.
B) regulate sexual activity.
C) socialize new members of society.
D) provide social placement.
E) perpetuate the existing class structure into each new generation.

Question 26

Which theoretical paradigm discusses the family in terms of how it helps to perpetuate social inequality?

A) social-conflict
B) symbolic-interaction
C) structural-functional
D) social-exchange
E) neo-conservative

Question 27

Which of the following is one of the ways that families aid in the perpetuation of social inequality?

A) property and inheritance
B) matriarchy
C) patriarchal descent
D) matriarchal descent
E) gender

Question 28

Which theory and theorist traced the origin of the family to the need for men to pass property on to their sons?

A) symbolic interaction - George Herbert Mead
B) structural functionalism - Talcott Parsons
C) structural functionalism - Emile Durkheim
D) social-conflict - Friedrich Engels
E) neo-conservative - Charles Darwin

Question 29

The depiction of courtship and marriage as forms of negotiation is found in the ________ analysis.

A) structural-functional
B) symbolic-formation
C) social-conflict
D) neo-conservative
E) social-exchange

Question 30

Which of the following is FALSE regarding a theoretical analysis of the family?

A) The social-exchange approach focuses on the individual experience of family life.
B) The symbolic-interactionist analysis provides a micro-level analysis of the family.
C) According to the structural-functional analysis, the family performs vital tasks.
D) The symbolic-interactionist perspective overemphasizes the way in which the family supports patriarchy.
E) The social-conflict analysis sees the family as perpetuating social inequality.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about romantic love is true?

A) The more developed and specialized the society, in general, the greater the emphasis on romantic love.
B) People in Canada tend to view romantic love as the least important element in courtship.
C) Romantic love was the basis for marriage even in the Middle Ages.
D) Romantic love encourages people to draw closer to their parents.
E) Romantic love maintains traditions.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about romantic love is FALSE?

A) Romantic love motivates people to "leave the nest" to form new families.
B) Romantic love makes for a more stable foundation for marriage.
C) Social and economic considerations provide a more stable foundation for marriage than does romantic love.
D) Love can help a new couple adjust to the realities of living together.
E) Higher education students in different countries declare a widely different willingness to marry without romantic love.

Question 33

What term refers to peoples' tendency to marry others who are like themselves in age, race, religion, and social class?

A) homogamy
B) exogamy
C) endogamy
D) monogamy
E) indoctrination

Question 34

Which of the following is FALSE regarding marriage in Canada?

A) Images of married life are highly idealized.
B) During courtship, couples are likely to see mainly the best side of their partner.
C) Two out of three married people report satisfaction in the sexual dimension of their marriage.
D) Satisfaction with sex in a marriage is unrelated to satisfaction with the marriage.
E) The danger of disappointment in marriage is greater for women.

Question 35

What is true about infidelity in Canada?

A) It is part of the ideal culture.
B) Half of all men are unfaithful to their wives.
C) It is far more frequent now than it was in the 1980s.
D) Most Canadians discuss their attraction to others with their spouse.
E) Most Canadian adults do not approve of sex outside marriage.

Question 36

Which of the following is true regarding child rearing?

A) Children become a greater asset.
B) Most parents in Canada would like to devote less time to child rearing.
C) Fewer people in Canada are delaying childbirth.
D) The trend toward smaller families is most pronounced in high-income nations.
E) Increased child care means parents want to have more children.

Question 37

Which of the following is one of the familial adjustments made by parents in later life?

A) helping to care for an ill spouse
B) marrying a new spouse
C) caring for aging parents
D) decreased personal contact with children
E) decreased travelling to see children

Question 38

The "sandwich generation"refers to:

A) the generation of people raised on fast food sandwich shops.
B) the "baby bust"-those between the baby boom and the echo of the baby boom.
C) today's middle-aged adults who have children under 18 living at home as well as caring responsibilities for one or more of their own parents.
D) young adults-those caught between the adolescents and the middle-aged baby boomers.
E) latchkey children who must care for themselves.

Question 39

In Lillian Rubin's study, which trait is a frequently mentioned quality attributed to good husbands by working-class women?

A) communication with their wives
B) drinking excessively
C) being unemployed
D) engaging in violence
E) good provider

Question 40

In Lillian Rubin's study, which trait is a frequently mentioned quality attributed to good husbands by middle-class women?

A) being a steady worker
B) drinking excessively
C) engaging in violence
D) communication with their wives
E) good provider

Question 41

Jesse Bernard states that every marriage is actually two different marriages, namely, a/an ________ marriage and a/an _________ marriage.

A) sexual/nonsexual
B) woman's/man's
C) good/bad
D) exogenous/endogenous
E) private/public

Question 42

Which of the following is a finding in Jesse Bernard's study of marriage?

A) Married women have better mental health.
B) Married women have less passive attitudes toward life.
C) Married women report more personal happiness.
D) Married women are not generally required to participate in the labour force.
E) Few contemporary marriages are composed of two completely equal partners.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about marriage in Canada is FALSE?

A) Marriage is based on romantic love.
B) Marriage is becoming unpopular.
C) Women are less financially dependent on men than they once were.
D) Divorce is more socially acceptable than it once was.
E) Romantic love often subsides.

Question 44

Which of the following is a factor in the high Canadian divorce rate?

A) Men are becoming financially dependent on women.
B) Individualism is on the decline.
C) Romantic love often subsides.
D) Marriage is relaxed.
E) Legally, a divorce is harder to get.

Question 45

Which of the following factors are related to Canada's high divorce rate?

A) today's marriages are relaxed
B) romantic love seldom fades
C) divorce is socially prohibited
D) legally, a divorce is harder to get
E) women are less dependent on men

Question 46

Which of the following situations is LEAST likely to lead to divorce?

A) The marriage was a response to an unexpected pregnancy.
B) One or both partners have alcohol or substance abuse problems.
C) The marriage took place after a long courtship.
D) Both partners have successful careers.
E) Neither partner is religious.

Question 47

Remarriage often creates ________ families, which are composed of children and some combination of biological parents and stepparents.

A) homogeneous
B) assimilated
C) institutional
D) heterogeneous
E) blended

Question 48

What is true about men, women, and remarriage in Canada?

A) Marriage is less popular for men and women than ever before.
B) Remarriage is less popular for men and women than ever before.
C) Men are more likely to remarry than women are.
D) Women are more likely to remarry than men are.
E) Remarriages make up only a small proportion of all marriages.

Question 49

Which statement about domestic violence in Canada is true?

A) Male violence against females rarely results in injury.
B) Women initiate most family violence.
C) The less frequent but most serious injuries affect males.
D) Men are at a greater risk for spousal homicide than women.
E) Women are more likely to be victims of repeat spousal violence.

Question 50

Which of the following is true about child abusers?

A) Most abusers are lower class.
B) Most abusers have been abused themselves as children.
C) Fifty percent of abusers are men.
D) Most abusers are middle class.
E) Most abusers have substance abuse problems.

Question 51

In the 2011 Canadian Census, approximately ________ percent of Canadian families were single-parent families.

A) 16
B) 28
C) 36
D) 52
E) 75

Question 52

Of these one-parent families in 2011, 8 out of 10 were headed by lone _________

A) grandparents.
B) step-parents.
C) siblings.
D) fathers.
E) mothers.

Question 53

Which of the following is FALSE regarding growing up in a one-parent family?

A) Children raised in one-parent families are more likely to be single parents themselves.
B) Single parenting itself is the problem that results in serious negative consequences for children.
C) Most families with one parent contend with poverty.
D) Children growing up in a single-parent family end up with lower incomes as adults.
E) Children growing up in a single-parent family gain less schooling.

Question 54

The sharing of a household by an unmarried couple is called:

A) a prenuptial agreement.
B) serial monogamy.
C) cohabitation.
D) monogamy.
E) endogamy.

Question 55

Regarding cohabitation, which of the following is FALSE?

A) Common-law unions have a lower probability of dissolution than do formal marriages.
B) Cohabitation is rare in more traditional nations.
C) Cohabitation is more likely than marriage for previously married women.
D) The number of cohabiting couples has increased sharply since 1980.
E) Few common-law families involve children.

Question 56

Which statement is TRUE about gay and lesbian couples?

A) It is now possible for Canadian provinces to register gay marriages.
B) No country formally recognizes gay marriages.
C) Few gay couples derive emotional reward from childrearing.
D) No country allows full legal rights for gays to adopt children.
E) The state of gay marriage in Canada is now clearly defined.

Question 57

Which adult group is choosing to live alone at a rapidly increasing rate?

A) young women
B) elderly men
C) young men
D) middle-aged women
E) the rate is very similar for all ages and both genders

Question 58

Evidence that the traditional family is changing includes which of the following?

A) cohabitation is less common.
B) the divorce rate is down.
C) fewer children are born to single mothers.
D) the use of new birth technologies is decreasing.
E) more people are choosing to live alone.

Question 59

Which trend is NOT characteristic of living arrangements in Canada?

A) Cohabiting couples have increased.
B) Blended families have increased.
C) One-parent families have increased.
D) Singlehood is becoming a more popular choice.
E) Marriage is becoming obsolete.

Question 60

What is a likely future trend for the Canadian family?

A) Economic changes will cease to affect marriage and the family.
B) Family life will become less diverse.
C) Fewer children will be growing up with weaker ties to fathers.
D) The divorce rate will decrease.
E) Forms of reproduction will alter the traditional meaning of parenthood.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about trends in marriage in Canada is FALSE?

A) The divorce rate is likely to remain high.
B) A traditional marriage is becoming more appealing to most women.
C) The importance of new reproductive technology will increase.
D) Men are playing a limited role in child rearing.
E) Personal choice will play a larger role in family forms.

Question 62

Emile Durkheim referred to that which is set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe and reverence, as the:

A) sacred.
B) faith.
C) profane.
D) ritual.
E) the family.

Question 63

The structural-functional analysis of religion emphasizes the role religion plays in:

A) turning our attention away from problems to a "better world to come."
B) bringing meaning to daily interactions through sacred symbols.
C) social inequality.
D) social conflict.
E) social cohesion.

Question 64

Your new acquaintance tells you of her faith in the Torah. She in all probability is:

A) Muslim.
B) Christian.
C) Jewish.
D) Buddhist.
E) Protestant.

Question 65

The term for formal, ceremonial behaviour is:

A) ministration.
B) religion.
C) church.
D) ritual.
E) role play.

Question 66

The term for belief that is based on conviction rather than scientific evidence is:

A) conjecture.
B) belief.
C) faith.
D) religion.
E) value.

Question 67

What is TRUE about the sociologist's study of religion?

A) It may be a threat to a person's faith.
B) Sociologists offer comment on the meaning and purpose of human existence.
C) Sociologists seek to understand how religion affects human society.
D) Sociologists pass judgments on religions as right or wrong.
E) Sociologists are able to rank religions from "more right" to "less right."

Question 68

A/An ________ is an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred.

A) totem
B) profane
C) idol
D) symbol
E) religious leader

Question 69

Which of the following is a function of religion, according to Durkheim?

A) Religion creates social inequality.
B) Religion creates social conflict.
C) Religion creates social control.
D) Religion provides indoctrination.
E) Religion provides confusion.

Question 70

Which of the following is an appropriate criticism of the structural-functional approach to religion?

A) It ignores the differing role of religion in modern and traditional societies.
B) It does not compare the various religions of different societies.
C) It ignores religion's dysfunctions.
D) It ignores the positive consequences of religion for society.
E) It ignores religion's consequences for social cohesiveness.

Question 71

Which of the following mirrors the symbolic-interaction approach's view of religion?

A) Religion is the opiate of the masses.
B) Religion and society are inherently stable.
C) Religion, like all of society, is socially constructed.
D) It is based on Emile Durkheim's liberal views.
E) Religion is the same for all converts.

Question 72

What is an appropriate criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach to religion?

A) It ignores religion's link to social inequality.
B) It treats reality as objective.
C) It ignores the social construction of religion.
D) It assumes that the constructed nature of religion is widely realized.
E) It emphasizes the functional aspects of religion.

Question 73

According to the Marxist perspective, religion:

A) focuses life on the present.
B) legitimizes the unequal economic status quo.
C) treats existing society as secular and corrupt.
D) undermines the power of the state.
E) promotes gender equality.

Question 74

What do Christian, Judaic, and Islamic sacred texts have in common?

A) the support of patriarchy
B) a belief in multiple deities
C) a belief in woman's divinity as well as man's
D) the support for gender equality
E) the support of secularism

Question 75

Which of the following is a reasonable criticism of Marx's social-conflict approach to religion?

A) Marx underestimated how religion may support the state.
B) Marx underestimated how religion may support the bourgeoisie.
C) Marx ignored how religion advances capitalism.
D) Marx underestimated how religion promotes gender equality.
E) Marx minimized ways in which religion has promoted change, as well as equality.

Question 76

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the theoretical analysis of religion?

A) According to the symbolic-interaction analysis, religion strengthens marriage by giving it sacred meaning.
B) According to the structural-functional analysis, religion serves to unite people.
C) According to the social-conflict analysis, people often turn to sacred symbols for comfort when facing danger and uncertainty.
D) According to the social-conflict analysis, religion turns attention from problems in this world to a "better world to come."
E) According to the structural-functional analysis, religion serves to control behaviour.

Question 77

According to Max Weber's analysis of Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, which of the following statements is true?

A) Protestantism held back the development of capitalism for years.
B) Protestantism, with its conflict with the Roman Catholic Church, fostered social unrest and averted a socialist revolution.
C) Protestantism, despite its argument with the dominant Roman Catholic Church, still supported the economic status quo.
D) Protestantism, with its emphasis on worldly success and frugality, fostered the rise of capitalism.
E) Belief in predestination reduced the importance of hard work.

Question 78

A church that is independent of the state that recognizes religious pluralism is a/an:

A) state church.
B) cult.
C) sect.
D) ecclesia.
E) denomination.

Question 79

A _______ is a type of religious organization that stands apart from the larger society.

A) church
B) denomination
C) sect
D) state church
E) cult

Question 80

What is the name for a type of religious organization that stands apart from the larger society?

A) church
B) cult
C) sect
D) denomination
E) separatist