Deck 8: DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and Dna Profiling

Question 1

A patient with which blood type can receive blood from any donor?

A) type A
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What pattern of inheritance occurs in the ABO blood system where there are three distinct alleles in human populations?

Answer 2

Multiple allelism

Question 3

How would the pattern of inheritance for Rh factor be best described?

A) incomplete dominance
B) codominance
C) dominant-recessive
D) sex linkage

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What term describes phenotypic features that are coded for by several genes, such as eye color in humans?

A) linked
B) polytrophic
C) polygenic
D) codominant

Question 5

What pattern of inheritance results in Type AB blood?

A) polygenic inheritance
B) simple dominance
C) codominance
D) sex-linked recessive inheritance

Question 6

How is codominance expressed in an organism?

A) Both of the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in an individual.
B) Expression of two different alleles alternates from one generation to the next.
C) A heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype.
D) Offspring exhibit several different phenotypic expressions of a single trait.

Question 7

What blood type would a child with the genotype IAi have?

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 8

Which blood type lacks the sugar found on the surface of red blood cells in other blood types?

A) type A
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O

Question 9

Which genotype doesn't have the Rh factor on the red blood cells?

A) Rh+ Rh+
B) Rh+ Rh-
C) Rh- Rh+
D) Rh- Rh-

Question 10

What pattern of inheritance occurs when a light blue-colored flower results from a cross between a dark blue-colored flower and a white-colored flower?

A) incomplete dominance
B) codominance
C) independent assortment
D) sex linkage

Question 11

Which alleles are dominant to each other in blood type inheritance?

A) Alleles IA and i are dominant to the allele IB.
B) Alleles IB and i are dominant to the allele IA.
C) Alleles IA and IB are dominant to the allele i.
D) Alleles IA, IB, and i are codominant.

Question 12

What parental blood type would not be able to produce a child with type O blood?

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 13

What genetic phenomenon occurs when a dominant allele has different effects between heterozygous individuals and homozygous individuals?

A) codominance
B) continuous variation
C) incomplete dominance
D) polygenic inheritance

Question 14

What pattern of inheritance is occurring if one person in a population has two different alleles of a particular gene and other people in the population have a third allele of this gene?

A) codominance
B) pleiotropy
C) incomplete dominance
D) multiple allelism

Question 15

What pattern of inheritance applies to a woman with type A blood who has the alleles IA and i?

A) polygenic inheritance
B) simple dominance
C) codominance
D) sex-linked recessive inheritance

Question 16

What pattern of inheritance includes the AB blood type, in which both A and B alleles are expressed?

A) incomplete dominance
B) codominance
C) independent assortment
D) sex linkage

Question 17

What blood type would a person who is homozygous recessive for all blood type alleles have?

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 18

In human ABO blood types, what description applies to the alleles for A and B because they're both expressed?

Question 19

What pattern of inheritance results when the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between both homozygotes?

A) incomplete dominance
B) codominance
C) independent assortment
D) sex linkage

Question 20

How will people with the same blood type be related?

A) They are always unrelated.
B) They are always related.
C) They may or may not be related.
D) They always have both alleles in common but are not necessarily related.

Question 21

Y-linked genes include a gene that produces hairy ears. Which offspring would receive this trait from a male with hairy ears?

A) only his sons
B) only his daughters
C) only his grandsons
D) all his children if the mother is a carrier

Question 22

In addition to autosomes, what is contained in a human sperm cell?

A) an X chromosome always
B) either an X or a Y chromosome
C) a Y chromosome always
D) both an X and a Y chromosome

Question 23

A woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a baby with type O blood. What are the genotypes of the woman and the man?

A) IAi and IBi
B) IAIA and IBi
C) IAi and IBIB
D) IAIA and IBIB

Question 24

In which group can sex-linked traits be expressed?

A) males only
B) females only
C) either males or females
D) carriers only

Question 25

A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. Which type of blood could the child have?

A) type A or type O
B) type B or type O
C) type AB or type O
D) type A or type B

Question 26

In humans, the allele for red-green color blindness is X-linked and recessive (Xʳ; the dominant allele is called Xᴿ). A man with normal color vision marries a color-blind woman who gives birth to a color-blind daughter. What can be inferred from this information?

A) The woman is XᴿXʳ.
B) The man must be a carrier for the color blindness allele.
C) The daughter must be heterozygous.
D) The man is probably NOT the father of the daughter.

Question 27

A person with hemophilia lacks the pleiotropic gene that codes for the protein called clotting factor VIII. What effects will this have on a person with hemophilia?

A) The person will only have the symptom of lack of blood clotting (bleeding).
B) The person will always have the same symptoms as other hemophiliacs.
C) The person will have many other symptoms in addition to excessive bleeding.
D) The person will always have neurological problems.

Question 28

In addition to excessive bleeding, persons with hemophilia may have excessive bruising, pain, and swelling in the joints, vision loss, anemia, or neurological problems. What process results from the effects of a single gene loss?

A) codominance
B) multiple allelism
C) pleiotropy
D) environmental effects

Question 29

What genetic information is indicated by describing a person as having hemophilia?

A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) genetic code
D) number of chromosomes

Question 30

In humans, what ordinarily determines the sex of the offspring?

A) autosomes carried by the egg cell
B) autosomes carried by the sperm cell
C) sex chromosome carried by the egg cell
D) sex chromosome carried by the sperm cell

Question 31

Hemophilia is a genetic disease that has plagued the royal houses of Europe. The disease allele is recessive and X-linked. Queen Victoria was a carrier, and her granddaughter Alexandra married Nicholas II, the last czar of imperial Russia. Alexandra was a carrier for hemophilia; Nicholas was normal. Their son, Alexis, was afflicted with the disease. Alexis and his four sisters were killed in 1917. What genetic traits were possible for the four sisters?

A) None of the four sisters carried the hemophilia allele.
B) At least one of the sisters was a carrier of the allele.
C) All four sisters were carriers of the hemophilia allele.
D) At least one of the sisters had hemophilia like Alexis.

Question 32

A patient with which blood type can donate blood to anyone?

A) type A
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O

Question 33

What types and numbers of chromosomes are found in humans?

A) two pairs of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes
B) two pairs of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes
C) one pair of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes
D) one pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes

Question 34

Which characteristic applies to a normal individual who is a carrier for an X-linked trait such as hemophilia?

A) The carrier is always female.
B) The carrier is homozygous for the recessive condition.
C) The carrier shows the recessive phenotype.
D) The carrier cannot have daughters who have the allele.

Question 35

What is the ability of a gene to cause multiple effects on a phenotype?

A) pleiotropy
B) codominance
C) polygenic inheritance
D) continuous variation

Question 36

Which offspring will receive a harmful allele for a sex-linked trait from a man who carries the allele?

A) all of his daughters
B) only half of his daughters
C) only half of his sons
D) all of his children

Question 37

What is the most common blood type in the U.S. population?

A) type O-
B) type B+
C) type AB-
D) type O+

Question 38

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive allele causing a blood disorder. What are the chances that a daughter of a normal man and a woman, who is heterozygous for the disease, will have hemophilia?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 39

Hemophiliacs have blood that does not coagulate well, and they often die at a young age. The disease allele is recessive and X-linked. Which genetic possibilities can be predicted for the offspring of a hemophiliac male and a nonhemophiliac female who is a carrier for the disease?

A) All children would be hemophiliac.
B) All females would be hemophiliac.
C) All males would be hemophiliac.
D) Some males and females could be hemophiliac.

Question 40

In addition to the environment, what genetic factor affects human bone size and structure?

A) polygenic inheritance
B) codominance
C) simple dominance
D) sex-linked recessive inheritance

Question 41

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. If phenotypically normal parents have children without hemophilia, what information could be determined by a pedigree analysis?

A) Neither parent carries the hemophiliac allele.
B) None of their children is a carrier of the hemophilia allele.
C) None of their children could have hemophiliac children.
D) The exact genotypes of the parents or children

Question 42

What information can be inferred about Queen Victoria based on a pedigree of the British royal family?

A) She was the first royal family member with hemophilia.
B) All of her children were born with hemophilia.
C) She was the first royal family member with a mutation in a blood-clotting gene.
D) She inherited a mutation in a blood-clotting allele.

Question 43

A DNA fingerprint of a suspect doesn't match a DNA fingerprint from a blood sample taken at a crime scene. What can you conclude?

A) The suspect was never at the crime scene.
B) The blood sample was probably degraded or destroyed in some way.
C) There is no DNA in a blood sample.
D) The blood came from a different person, but the suspect may have been there.

Question 44

When comparing the DNA fingerprints of a parent and child, the parent's DNA fingerprint will have which of the following genetic traits?

A) all of the DNA bands that the child has
B) more than half of the DNA bands that the child has
C) DNA bands that match those in the child's fingerprint and that aren't from the other parent
D) DNA bands that are very close to bands found in the child but do not match precisely

Question 45

Which member(s) of the Romanov family shared DNA sequences with England's Prince Philip?

A) both the tsar and the tsarina
B) only the tsar
C) only the tsarina
D) neither the tsar nor the tsarina

Question 46

On a pedigree chart, what symbol would represent a son who is affected by a genetic disorder?

A) a shaded circle
B) a clear circle
C) a shaded square
D) a clear square

Question 47

For what purpose is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used?

A) to analyze a person's fingerprints
B) to separate fragments of DNA
C) to make many copies of a small amount of DNA
D) to cut DNA into many small pieces

Question 48

What are the chances that a hemophiliac male and an unaffected female could have a baby that is a hemophiliac male?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 49

What is a family tree that is used to follow human matings that have already occurred?

A) test cross
B) karyotype
C) sex-linked record
D) pedigree

Question 50

What does the acronym VNTR mean?

A) variable number tandem repeats
B) varied nucleotides to repeat
C) volumes of nucleotide tandem repeats
D) variation of nucleotide terminal repeats

Question 51

Polydactyly is a dominant trait. What symbol on a pedigree chart would represent a male who has polydactyly?

A) a half-shaded square
B) a shaded square
C) a half-shaded circle
D) a clear circle

Question 52

Queen Elizabeth II of England is a descendant of Edward VII of England, who was the son of Queen Victoria. Edward VII did not have hemophilia. Prince Philip, who is married to Queen Elizabeth II, is a descendant of Alice, the daughter of Queen Victoria. Alice was a carrier of hemophilia. However, Prince Philip does not have hemophilia. What can you infer about the children of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip?

A) None of the children could have the hemophilia allele.
B) Only the sons could have the hemophilia allele.
C) Only their daughter could have the hemophilia allele.
D) Any one of the children could have the hemophilia allele.

Question 53

Why do different people have different DNA fingerprints?

A) They have completely different kinds of VNTRs.
B) They have different numbers of the same VNTR.
C) PCR generates some sequences more than other sequences.
D) Restriction enzymes may not cut some VNTRs next to specific DNA sequences.

Question 54

Which item is used to produce genetic fingerprints of people?

A) RNA polymerase
B) Punnett squares
C) pedigree analysis
D) VNTRs

Question 55

Why must DNA fragments be denatured during the polymerase chain reaction?

A) Taq polymerase breaks down when heated.
B) The repeated gene sequences are not present in double-stranded DNA.
C) The primer must bind to a single-stranded template to synthesize double-stranded DNA.
D) VNTRs have DNA sequences that vary in number.

Question 56

What does a half-shaded circle represent on a pedigree chart?

A) a female carrier
B) a female who does not have an allele for the genetic disorder represented
C) a male who is affected by the genetic disorder represented
D) a male carrier

Question 57

Because the bones thought to belong to the Romanov family were highly decayed, what type of analysis was used by scientists to determine the gender of each deceased individual?

A) pelvic bone analysis only
B) DNA analysis of material that is specific to the Y chromosome
C) DNA analysis of material that is specific to the X chromosome
D) both pelvic bone analysis and DNA analysis

Question 58

What are VNTRs?

A) fragments of DNA that have been denatured
B) nucleotide sequences that correspond to specific genes
C) distinct nucleotide sequences that everyone has in different numbers
D) nucleotide sequences that are different in different individuals

Question 59

Which type of forensic evidence was available for scientists studying the case of the Romanovs?

A) fingerprint
B) toxicology
C) DNA
D) footprint

Question 60

What is the function of Taq polymerase?

A) to denature DNA so its strands separate
B) to bond to complementary DNA
C) to free nucleotides from a DNA strand
D) to use primers to initiate DNA synthesis

Question 61

What enzyme is used to synthesize daughter strands of DNA during PCR?

A) replicase
B) DNA polymerase
C) RNA polymerase
D) Taq polymerase

Question 62

Why is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) so useful for DNA fingerprinting?

A) It can produce millions of copies from tiny amounts of DNA.
B) It can be used to compare DNA from different individuals.
C) It can identify the complete sequence of a gene.
D) It can allow scientists to visualize the DNA of specific individuals.

Question 63

On what basis does gel electrophoresis separate DNA segments?

A) weight
B) length
C) types of nucleotides
D) complexity

Question 64

In DNA fingerprinting, amplified fragments of DNA are separated from one another by which process?

A) filtering
B) chromatography
C) electrophoresis
D) PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Question 65

What does each different band on a DNA fingerprint represent?

A) gene
B) VNTR site
C) allele
D) pleiotropy