Deck 13: The Urinary Tract

Question 1

The most common urinary stones are composed of:

A) Calcium phosphate
B) Magnesium ammonium sulfate
C) Uric acid
D) Cystine
E) Xanthine

Answer 1

Calcium phosphate

Question 2

A solid renal tumor in a 4-year-old child is histologically composed of immature cells reminiscent of fetal tubules.This tumor represents a(n):

A) Renal cell adenoma
B) Renal cell carcinoma
C) Wilms' tumor
D) Interstitial cell fibroma
E) Teratoma

Answer 2

Wilms' tumor

Question 3

The most important developmental disorder of the urinary tract is known as:

A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) One-sided renal agenesis
E) Glomerular disease

Answer 3

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 4

Patients who develop chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease require:

A) Nephrectomy
B) Dialysis
C) Blood transfusions
D) Corticosteroid treatments
E) Ultrasonic targeting

Question 5

The most important hormone regulating renal function is:

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Aldosterone
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone
D) Growth hormone
E) Parathyroid hormone

Question 6

All of the following are renal complications of diabetes except:

A) Diffuse glomerulosclerosis
B) Nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease)
C) Arteriolar hyalinosis
D) Papillary necrosis
E) Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Question 7

The most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract is:

A) Renal cell carcinoma
B) Wilms' tumor
C) Carcinoma of the renal pelvis
D) Carcinoma of the ureter
E) Carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Question 8

The best-known local symptom of pyelonephritis or renal tumors is:

A) Dysuria
B) Urinary colic
C) Hematuria
D) Flank pain
E) Low abdominal pain

Question 9

The kidneys secrete which hormone necessary to raise blood pressure?

A) Erythropoietin
B) Renin
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Aldosterone
E) Atrial natriuretic hormone

Question 10

Which of the following is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

A) Membranous nephropathy
B) Lipoid nephrosis
C) Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
D) Crescentic glomerulonephritis
E) Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 11

Atherosclerosis of the aorta and renal arterioles causing significantly reduced blood flow through the kidneys is known as:

A) Hypertension
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Nephroangiosclerosis
D) Acute tubular necrosis
E) Diffuse glomerulosclerosis

Question 12

James Smith,56 years old,has just experienced a myocardial infarction.His kidneys are not producing the normal amounts of urine.This is known as:

A) Prerenal renal failure
B) Postrenal failure
C) Intrarenal failure
D) Hypertension
E) Edema

Question 13

Which of the following is the most prevalent metabolic disease that affects the kidneys?

A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Lupus
C) Hypertension
D) Heart disease
E) Diabetes mellitus

Question 14

Mercury poisoning primarily affects the:

A) Glomeruli
B) Proximal renal tubules
C) Distal renal tubules
D) Collecting ducts
E) Ureter

Question 15

Which condition is also known as "poisoning with urine"?

A) Uremia
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Oat cell carcinoma
D) Anuria
E) Pyuria

Question 16

Carcinoma of the urinary bladder is most often histologically classified as:

A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Oat cell carcinoma
D) Urothelial carcinoma
E) Seminoma

Question 17

Biopsy specimens used to confirm bladder cancer are obtained by:

A) Urine specimen
B) Blood urea nitrogen
C) KUB x-ray examination
D) Cystoscopy
E) Abdominal surgery

Question 18

Which of the following is considered "the functional unit" of the kidney?

A) Glomerulus
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal tubules
D) Collection ducts
E) Nephrons

Question 19

Acute "honeymoon" cystitis is caused by:

A) Viruses
B) Bacteria
C) Parasites
D) Fungi
E) Mechanical irritation

Question 20

Patients with diabetes are prone to which disorder of the kidney?

A) Bacterial urinary infections
B) Viral urinary infections
C) Fungal urinary infections
D) Edema
E) Deposits of immunoglobulin G in the glomeruli