Deck 20: Muscles and Peripheral Nerves

Question 1

Peripheral motor neurons are extensions of nerve cells that are typically located in the:

A) Cortex of the brain
B) Basal ganglia
C) Pons
D) Medulla oblongata
E) Anterior horn of the spinal cord

Answer 1

Anterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 2

Botulism,a disease caused by a toxin from Clostridium botulinum,is marked by:

A) Tetany
B) Convulsions
C) Paralysis of muscles
D) Loss of sensation
E) Hypercalcemia

Answer 2

Paralysis of muscles

Question 3

Frontal baldness,testicular atrophy,and muscle spasm are typical of which autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy?

A) Duchenne's
B) Becker's
C) Facioscapulohumeral
D) Limb-girdle
E) Myotonic

Answer 3

Myotonic

Question 4

Patients with myasthenia gravis who are given edrophonium,an antagonist of cholinesterase,show:

A) Aggravation of symptoms
B) Complete paralysis
C) Temporary improvement of muscle weakness
D) Reduced levels of circulating antibodies
E) Reduced calcium in blood

Question 5

What is the most common cause of muscle weakness and paralysis in infants and children?

A) Duchenne-type dystrophy
B) Becker's dystrophy
C) Cerebral palsy
D) Dermatomyositis
E) Infectious myositis

Question 6

Which virus is the best-known cause of myositis?

A) Herpesvirus type I
B) Herpesvirus type II
C) CMV
D) Coxsackie virus
E) Mumps virus

Question 7

Which of the following is a typical "upper neuron injury"?

A) Polymyositis
B) Guillain-Barré syndrome
C) Spinal cord injury caused by traffic accident
D) Diabetic neuropathy
E) Lead poisoning

Question 8

The most prominent symptom of muscle disease is:

A) Weakness
B) Fatigability
C) Myotonus
D) Fibrillation
E) Myalgia

Question 9

The transmission of impulses from the nerve to the striated muscle at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by the release of:

A) Adrenaline
B) Acetylcholine
C) Cholinesterase
D) Norepinephrine
E) Acetaldehyde

Question 10

Almost all patients with myasthenia gravis show:

A) Signs of muscle degeneration
B) Regrouping of type I and type II muscles
C) Muscle atrophy
D) Antibodies to acetylcholine
E) Antibodies to acetylcholine receptor

Question 11

In women the first symptoms of myasthenia gravis appear most often in which age group?

A) 0-5 years
B) 5-20 years
C) 20-35 years
D) 35-50 years
E) Older than 50 years

Question 12

Spastic contraction of muscles,known as tetany,is caused by:

A) Hypercalcemia
B) Hypoparathyroidism
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Hyponatremia
E) Hypophosphatemia

Question 13

After wallerian degeneration,the nerve function is restored by the:

A) Regeneration of dendrites from the perikaryon
B) Regeneration of the axon from the peripheral parts of the transected nerve
C) Regeneration of the axon from the proximal portion of the transected axon
D) Loss of the perikaryon
E) Loss of the Nissl substance

Question 14

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is inherited as a(n):

A) Autosomal dominant trait
B) Autosomal recessive trait
C) Sex-linked recessive trait
D) Sex-linked dominant trait
E) Polygenic trait

Question 15

Skeletal muscles are:

A) Composed of either type I (slow) or type II (fast) fibers
B) Composed of rapidly dividing cells
C) Composed of nondividing cells that can be stimulated to enter mitosis by a variety of cytokines
D) In close contact with nerves
E) Major storage sites of calcium and phosphate

Question 16

A patient with myasthenia gravis is found to have an anterior mediastinal mass.This mass proves to be a tumor.Most likely it is a:

A) Thyroid adenoma
B) Parathyroid adenoma
C) Neuroblastoma
D) Smooth muscle cell tumor
E) Thymoma

Question 17

Muscle inflammation characterized by infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells is most typical of:

A) Muscular dystrophy
B) Muscular atrophy
C) Trichinella spiralis infection
D) Polymyositis
E) Myasthenia gravis

Question 18

Which muscular dystrophy involves the same gene as Duchenne's dystrophy?

A) Becker's dystrophy
B) Limb-girdle dystrophy
C) Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
D) Myotonic dystrophy
E) Werdnig-Hoffmann disease

Question 19

Destruction of muscle fibers in polymyositis is characterized by a release of enzymes,of which the most specific for muscle disease is:

A) Lactate dehydrogenase
B) Acid phosphatase
C) Alkaline phosphatase
D) Creatine kinase
E) Alanine aminotransferase

Question 20

Symptoms of muscle weakness in Duchenne's dystrophy begin in:

A) Preschool children
B) Elementary school children
C) High school children
D) College-level teenagers
E) Adults

Question 21

This autoimmune disease may affect the motor nerves and cause weakness and paralysis.It is also known as a postinfectious polyradiculoneuropathy but is commonly referred to as:

A) Liposarcoma
B) Guillain-Barré
C) Rhabdomyosarcoma
D) Coxsackievirus
E) Becker's dystrophy

Question 22

Congenital myopathies affect infants to the point that they cannot hold up their head. This disorder is also known as:

A) Floppy neck syndrome
B) Floppy arm syndrome
C) Floppy baby syndrome
D) Atrophy myopathies
E) Becker's dystrophy

Question 23

Neurogenic atrophy of the skeletal muscles that causes paralysis on one side of the body is known as:

A) Paraplegia
B) Quadriplegia
C) Hemiplegia
D) Biplegia
E) CVA

Question 24

The most common histologic type of soft tissue sarcoma in adults is:

A) Liposarcoma
B) Polymorphous cell sarcoma
C) Rhabdomyosarcoma
D) Leiomyosarcoma
E) Synovial sarcoma

Question 25

Malignant tumor of striated muscle is called:

A) Leiomyosarcoma
B) Rhabdomyosarcoma
C) Liposarcoma
D) Synovial sarcoma
E) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma