Deck 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide

Question 1

Which of the following is characteristic the manic state?

A) anhedonia
B) hyposensitivity
C) irritability
D) decreased energy

Answer 1

irritability

Question 2

Hannah has just been diagnosed with depression.How long is her depressive episode likely to last?

A) three months
B) nine months
C) two years
D) more than two years

Answer 2

nine months

Question 3

Which of the following behaviours is NOT likely to lead to hospitalization for mania?

A) recurrent thoughts of suicide
B) self-destructive buying sprees
C) taking extreme physical risks
D) violent behaviour

Answer 3

self-destructive buying sprees

Question 4

Liz is in a very downcast mood.She has lost weight,has no appetite,and is constantly fatigued.She has lost interest in most of her regular activities and hobbies,and they no longer give her any joy.She seems indifferent to her family and friends and has recurrent thoughts of suicide.What does Liz appear to be suffering from?

A) bipolar disorder
B) dysthymia disorder
C) cyclothymia disorder
D) major depressive disorder

Question 5

Dr.Thompson is observing Reid's behaviour and notes that Reid is displaying a "flight of ideas".What does Dr.Thompson mean when she uses this phrase?

A) extremely creative thinking
B) inability to concentrate
C) talking about grandiose plans
D) rapid speech expressing many subjects at once

Question 6

Andrew has been diagnosed with mania.Which of the following symptoms might Andrew be exhibiting?

A) grandiosity
B) visual hallucinations
C) hypersomnia
D) hypoactive behaviour

Question 7

Sima experiences dysphoric mania.What type of manic episodes will Sima experience?

A) manic episodes related to a medical condition
B) very mild manic episodes
C) extremely severe manic episodes
D) manic episodes accompanied by depression or anxiety

Question 8

Allison's family has been told Allison has the most severe form of depression.What disorder has Allison been diagnosed with?

A) cyclothymia
B) dysthymia
C) profound depression
D) major depressive disorder

Question 9

Thirty-five-year-old Rick recently formulated an elaborate plan to cure AIDS with vitamin therapy.To provide funding,he withdrew all his money from his bank and purchased thousands of jars of vitamins and small boxes to put them in.When he appeared at a hospital emergency room loudly demanding names of patients with AIDS,Rick was hospitalized for psychiatric observation.What is Rick's most likely diagnosis?

A) hypomanic episode
B) schizophrenic mania
C) depressive psychosis
D) manic episode

Question 10

According to the text,the average length of a major depressive episode if left untreated is:

A) 5 months
B) 7 months
C) 9 months
D) 12 months

Question 11

Jackie has depression and is having a particularly hard time with anhedonia.What does this mean?

A) Jackie cannot concentrate.
B) Jackie feels of worthless.
C) Jackie can't experience pleasure.
D) Jackie has an altered pattern of sleep.

Question 12

How do depressive disorder,recurrent and major depressive disorder,and a single episode of depression differ?

A) They differ in terms of gender prevalence; more males have the recurrent episode type.
B) They differ in terms of gender prevalence; more females have the single episode type.
C) They differ in the severity of symptoms.
D) They differ in terms of family history of depression.

Question 13

About 10 percent of major depression episodes last as long as two years; however,most are time-limited.Approximately how long do they usually last?

A) three months
B) six months
C) nine months
D) one year

Question 14

Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive disorder.In the intervals between the episodes,he does not seem to return to "normal." In fact,during those periods,he has been diagnosed as dysthymic.What condition does Jack most likely have?

A) bipolar disorder
B) atypical depression
C) dysfunctional dysthymia
D) double depression

Question 15

Isaac has bipolar I disorder and does not take medication.He has just started a manic episode.How long will the episode likely last?

A) two to six weeks
B) four to eight weeks
C) two to six months
D) six to nine months

Question 16

Marieke has dysthymic disorder while Jackie has major depressive disorder.How will the experiences of the two women differ?

A) Marieke will have episodic symptoms of depression.
B) Marieke will have longer-lasting symptoms of depression.
C) Marieke will have more severe symptoms of depression.
D) Marieke will have have temporary symptoms of depression.

Question 17

Last year,Debbie experienced a three-month period of depressed mood,feelings of worthlessness,difficulty concentrating,recurrent thoughts of death,sleep difficulties,and loss of energy.Four weeks ago,she began to experience the same severe symptoms.What is Debbie's most likely diagnosis?

A) major depressive disorder, recurrent
B) dysphoric mania
C) dysthymia, recurrent
D) major depressive disorder, chronic

Question 18

David is with his sister Debbie,who is having a hypomanic episode.He is trying to estimate how many days he will need to take off work to stay with Debbie,what estimate would you give him?

A) two days
B) four days?c!. six days?d! twelve days

Question 19

Kathy informed her doctor that she has had three major depressive episodes,which were separated by a two-month period when she did not feel depressed.What is Kathy's most likely diagnosis?

A) dysthymic disorder
B) major depressive disorder, single episode
C) major depressive disorder, recurrent
D) double depression

Question 20

Anne has major depression and her friend Gail is experiencing mania.Both are refusing drug treatment.If both Anne and Gail began feeling symptoms on the same day,what can you predict about when the symptoms will end?

A) Anne's symptoms will go away first.
B) Gail's symptoms will go away first.
C) Anne's and Gail's symptoms will end around the same time.
D) When untreated, the duration of both depression and mania is highly variable so a prediction cannot be made.

Question 21

Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder.Which of the following can we expect her to experience?

A) She will experience hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes.
B) She will experience manic episodes and major depressive episodes.
C) She will experience hypomanic episodes alternating with mild depressive symptoms.
D) She will experience hypomanic episodes predominantly.

Question 22

What distinguishes bipolar I disorder from bipolar II disorder?

A) only bipolar I disorder includes episodes of clinical depression
B) only bipolar I disorder has episodes of mania
C) only bipolar II disorder is linked to cyclothymic disorder
D) only bipolar I disorder involves periods of hypomania

Question 23

Jamie is six years old and has been diagnosed with dysthymic disorder.What disorder is Jamie highly likely to develop as he gets older?

A) cyclothymia
B) mania
C) major depressive disorder
D) bipolar disorder

Question 24

Four people have just experienced the death of a spouse.Which of them is most likely to have a pathological grief reaction?

A) Alice, whose husband committed suicide
B) Beth, who was highly dependent on her late husband
C) Claire, who has no family support
D) Diane, who had a highly conflicted relationship with her late husband

Question 25

Dr.Hammond is frustrated because he is having the same problem with the medical treatment he has prescribed for three different patients with bipolar disorder.What is the most likely source of Dr.Hammond's frustration?

A) His patients are taking too much medication during a severe manic state.
B) His patients are stopping the medical treatment and becoming depressed.
C) His patients are having problems with addiction to the medication while in a manic state.
D) His patients often stop taking the medication in order to bring on a manic state.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an important reason for identifying the pattern of mood disorder known as "double depression"?

A) It usually has a problematic future course.
B) It is associated with severe psychopathology.
C) It is often misdiagnosed as bipolar II disorder and inappropriately treated with lithium.
D) It has very high rates of relapse and recurrence.

Question 27

Bipolar II disorder is characterized by major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes,while bipolar I disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of major depression and another symptom.What is the other symptom?

A) dysthymia
B) mania
C) cyclothymic disorder
D) periods of remission

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT an associated characteristic of early onset of dysthymia (before age 21)?

A) greater chronicity
B) genetic influence
C) better prognosis
D) poorer response to treatment

Question 29

It has been ten days since Diana's mother died.Diana doesn't eat,she has lost interest in her usual activities,and she takes no pleasure in anything she does.All she can do is think about the past and wish she could be with her mother.What is Diana suffering from?

A) impacted grief reaction
B) pathological grief
C) complicated grief
D) pathological grief reaction

Question 30

In severe cases of depression in which the episode lasts five years or longer,approximately what percentage of patients can be expected to recover?

A) 18 percent
B) 38 percent
C) 53 percent
D) 98 percent

Question 31

Jerry experienced a manic episode six months ago,which was followed by a major depressive episode.What would he most likely be diagnosed with?

A) cyclothymic disorder
B) rapid cycling disorder
C) bipolar II disorder
D) bipolar I disorder

Question 32

For several years now,20-year-old Cynthia has been considered by her family and friends to be moody,high-strung,explosive,or hyperactive,yet never out of control.What is Cynthia's most likely diagnosis?

A) cyclothymia
B) mania
C) major depressive disorder
D) dysthymia

Question 33

Ms.Barr experienced the death of a close friend three months ago.She is so depressed that she has no appetite or energy,and she is suicidal.What would most mental health professionals conclude that Ms.Barr is experiencing?

A) a depressive episode that is unrelated to the loss, because it has been three months
B) a grief reaction within normal limits
C) a pathological grief reaction
D) a grief reaction that is considered within normal limits unless she actually attempts suicide

Question 34

Which of the following statements best describes the terms used to differentiate mood disorders?

A) Cyclothymic is to dysthymic as manic is to hypomanic.
B) Cyclothymic is to dysthymic as major depressive is to bipolar.
C) Cyclothymic is to dysthymic as bipolar is to major depressive.
D) Cyclothymic is to dysthymic as bipolar I is to bipolar II.

Question 35

Sarah has major depressive disorder,and her doctor says that she is the average age for someone with major depression.How old is Sarah most likely to be?

A) 15 years old
B) 25 years old
C) 35 years old
D) 45 years old

Question 36

Dr.Yu is giving a lecture on depression.She emphasizes that:

A) the best treatment for depression is always medication
B) depression is mostly a problem of university-aged women and the elderly
C) depression does not increase the risk of suicide
D) depressive symptoms occur in most people at some point in their lives

Question 37

Jenny has experienced long-standing feelings of depression.During the past 20 days,she has experienced a depressed mood,feelings of emptiness,and significant weight loss.Jenny confided in a neighbour that she is considering suicide.What is Jenny MOST likely suffering from?

A) major depressive disorder, postpartum type
B) major depressive disorder, rapid cycling type
C) double depression
D) cyclothymia

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT typically involved in therapeutic approaches used to help the bereaved?

A) re-experiencing the emotions associated with the death
B) talking about the deceased loved one
C) examining unexpressed hostility toward the loved one
D) finding meaning in the loss

Question 39

Victoria has had a history of depressive episodes in the past.Recently,her mother died.What would you predict about Victoria?

A) Victoria's past clinical history is unrelated to the development of an abnormal grief reaction.
B) Victoria would be more likely to develop a pathological grief reaction than someone without a past history of depression.
C) If Victoria had a lot of repressed anger toward her mother, she is more likely to develop an abnormal grief reaction.
D) Victoria would have a grief reaction that is considered within normal limits unless she had previously attempted suicide.

Question 40

When referring to the mood disorders,which of the following terms would family most likely use to describe cyclothymia?

A) moody
B) depressing
C) hyperactive
D) focused

Question 41

A friend states he is mildly depressed but he's not sure,and he asks if there is any kind of laboratory test that could determine whether or not someone is depressed.What would you tell him?

A) Cortisol levels are decreased in depression; he could have his cortisol levels checked by a blood test.
B) Currently, there is no way of diagnosing depression with a laboratory test.
C) The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) can be used only to diagnose severe cases of depression.
D) The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is a biological test for depression.

Question 42

The best evidence that genes have something to do with mood disorders comes from twin studies.The concordance rates of identical twins are compared with those of fraternal twins.What have studies shown the concordance rates in mood disorders are associated with?

A) age at first episode; the higher the age of onset, the higher the concordance rate
B) severity; if one twin has had three or more major depressive episodes, the chances of his or her twin presenting with a mood disorder is greater
C) age at first episode; the lower the age of onset, the higher the concordance rate
D) response to treatment; if one twin responded poorly to treatment, the chances of his or her twin presenting with a mood disorder is greater

Question 43

One symptom of depression is an increase in sleeping.What other symptoms related to sleep occur in depression?

A) decreased delta (slow wave) sleep, the deepest stage of sleep
B) stages of deepest sleep occurring earlier in the sleep cycle
C) less intense REM activity
D) slower onset of REM sleep

Question 44

It can be difficult to diagnose depression in older adults because the presentation of mood disorders is often complicated by another variable.What is that variable?

A) substance abuse
B) symptoms of menopause
C) the presence of medical illnesses or symptoms of dementia
D) family members who are unwilling to admit there are psychological problems in their elderly relatives

Question 45

Wendy usually says,"It's all my fault," when anything goes wrong.Which dimension of the depressive attributional style is she reflecting?

A) hopeless
B) global
C) stable
D) internal

Question 46

At what age is the gender difference in the prevalence of depression the greatest?

A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) middle adulthood
D) old age

Question 47

Which disorder puts adolescents at a higher risk for aggression,sexual promiscuity,and accidental injury?

A) bipolar disorder
B) major depression
C) cyclothymia
D) dysthymia

Question 48

Jeremy has just been diagnosed with rapid-cycling manic-depressive episodes.How many manic episodes must Jeremy have had in the past year??

A) at least two
B) at least four
C) at least six
D) at least ten

Question 49

Which of the following individuals is showing signs of cyclothymic disorder?

A) Abe, who alternates between depression and hypomania every three months
B) Ben, who seems to be either depressed or manic but neither his depression nor his manic meet the clinical criteria for a disorder
C) Claire, who alternates between depression and mania with a month of neutral mood in between
D) Diane, who alternates between manic and hypomanic states at irregular intervals

Question 50

What do we call the phenomenon where individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression have a tendency to place themselves in high-risk,stressful environments?

A) humoral theory
B) the cognitive-behavioural model
C) a stress-depression linkage effect
D) the reciprocal gene-environment model

Question 51

Patient X has rapid cycling bipolar I disorder.Patient X is MOST likely:

A) an adolescent
B) male
C) elderly
D) female

Question 52

According to Martin Seligman,people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives.Which model of depression is this?

A) learned helplessness theory
B) control theory
C) hopelessness bias theory
D) cognitive-behavioural theory

Question 53

In 1989,Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligman's theory of learned helplessness,which had focused on specific attributions as the crucial factor in depression.What did Abramson and his colleagues change the focus to?

A) repressed anger
B) lack of control
C) a sense of hopelessness
D) a feeling of failure

Question 54

Jason had cyclothymia and was not treated for it.He now has been diagnosed with another,more serious disorder.What disorder is that most likely to be?

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) major depression
C) bipolar I disorder
D) borderline personality disorder

Question 55

When is the rapid-cycling specifier added to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder?

A) when the patient has had at least two episodes within a year
B) when the patient has had at least four episodes within a year
C) when the patient has had at least six episodes within a year
D) when the patient has had at least eight episodes within a year

Question 56

If a person has symptoms of major depression,anxiety,or panic,what are you more likely to find in their family than in the family of someone without depression,anxiety,or panic?

A) people with major depression but not panic
B) people with major depression or panic but not anxiety
C) people with major depression, anxiety, or panic
D) people with panic or anxiety but not depression

Question 57

Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the "permissive hypothesis." What does this hypothesis state?

A) The norepinephrine system regulates serotonin levels; if norepinephrine is low, depression will occur.
B) The absolute levels of neurotransmitters are more significant in mood regulation than the overall balance of the various neurotransmitters.
C) Low levels of serotonin are sufficient to explain the etiology of mood disorders.
D) When serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and contribute to mood irregularities.

Question 58

Prevalence rates for mood disorders in Canadian studies vary widely,from 4.1 percent in the Ontario Health Survey to 10.3 percent and 11 percent in surveys in Toronto and Calgary,respectively.What is epidemiologist psychiatrist Roger Bland's explanation regarding these varying rates?

A) different research methods
B) cultural differences in the reporting of mood symptoms
C) differences in health care systems
D) varying levels of sunlight across regions of Canada

Question 59

There is some evidence to suggest that many famous creative people have suffered from bipolar disorders.What has this finding led Richards and colleagues (1988)to speculate?

A) Mania is at the heart of all creativity.
B) The genetic vulnerability to mood disorders is associated with a predisposition to creativity.
C) Creative endeavours may create sufficient stress such that they contribute to the development of mood disorders.
D) The same gene that causes bipolar disorder causes creativity.

Question 60

Mack almost always draws conclusions that emphasize the negative rather than the positive.What is Mack exemplifying?

A) overgeneralization
B) learned helplessness
C) delta commentary
D) arbitrary inference

Question 61

Kelly has just been prescribed a tricyclic antidepressant for her depression.When can she expect to start feeling benefits from the medication?

A) immediately
B) within 24 hours
C) two to eight weeks from now
D) three months from now

Question 62

Ambrose has just been prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).Which of the following medications may have been prescribed to Ambrose?

A) Prozac
B) hypericum
C) Thorazine
D) Valium

Question 63

Mike has bipolar I disorder.Which of the following medications has most likely been prescribed for him?

A) an anticonvulsant
B) lithium
C) Prozac
D) St. John's Wort

Question 64

According to several studies,which of the following has been found to show a strong association with depression in women?

A) a tendency to engage in activities that take their minds off negative feelings
B) a history of childhood sexual abuse
C) the size of their extended families
D) brain damage

Question 65

Reports in the 1990s suggested that the use of Prozac might lead to suicidal preoccupations,paranoid reactions,and occasionally,violence.According to your textbook,what do more recent findings suggest?

A) They substantiate the early claims.
B) They suggest that the benefits outweigh substantial risks.
C) They indicate that the risks of suicide are no greater than with any other antidepressant.
D) They show that Prozac is associated with far less risk of suicide than other antidepressants.

Question 66

How are MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants similar?

A) They both result in the pooling of neurotransmitters at the synapse.
B) They both have an effectiveness rate of about 60%.
C) They are both more effective in men than women.
D) They both result in similar side effects including increased sex drive and loss of appetite.

Question 67

A student who has been doing very well in class receives a minor critical comment on an essay she wrote.The student thinks,"This is terrible.I'm probably going to fail the course." What is this type of cognitive error in thinking?

A) overgeneralization
B) dissociating
C) splitting
D) arbitrary inference

Question 68

Angela belongs to an online support group for mothers with postpartum depression.Recently,ten mothers in the group have had their second child.How many of the mothers are likely to experience postpartum depression following these new births?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 8

Question 69

Which of the following is a side effect of tricyclic antidepressants?

A) sexual dysfunction
B) insomnia
C) excessive urination
D) weight loss

Question 70

According to recent research on the development of depression,what type of vulnerability to depression do dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook)and hopelessness attributions (explaining things negatively)constitute?

A) cognitive vulnerability
B) biological vulnerability
C) sociological vulnerability
D) behavioural vulnerability

Question 71

Why does the Canadian National Population Health Survey suggest that men and women have different rates of depression?

A) Women tend to experience less overall stress in their work situations.
B) Men tend to experience less overall stress in their work situations.
C) Work-related depression is rarely reported by women.
D) Different types of work demands predict depression in women versus men.

Question 72

Consider Aaron Beck's depressive cognitive triad.Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that individuals think negatively about?

A) their future
B) their past
C) themselves
D) their immediate world

Question 73

Hannah and Greg are the same age and were both laid off from their jobs recently.What can you predict about the likelihood of each of them developing depression?

A) Hannah is more likely to develop depression than Greg.
B) Greg is more likely to develop depression than Hannah.
C) Hannah and Greg are equally likely to develop depression.
D) Whether Hannah or Greg is more likely to develop depression will depend entirely on their genetic makeup.

Question 74

If Sarah has a low level of serotonin in her system,will she show symptoms of depression?

A) Yes, as long as the levels of other neurotransmitters are low as well.
B) She will only if the levels are low compared to other neurotransmitters.
C) No, low levels of serotonin are linked to mania, not depression.
D) No, serotonin is not linked to depression.

Question 75

Which herbal treatment has recently gained considerable interest as a treatment for depression?

A) milk thistle
B) St. John's wort (hypericum)
C) gingko biloba
D) saw palmetto

Question 76

Which class of drugs includes the antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil)and amitriptyline (Elavil)?

A) tricyclics
B) tranquilizers
C) MAO inhibitors
D) SSRIs

Question 77

Why is the antidepressant medication lithium also referred to as a mood stabilizer?

A) because it increases the availability of both dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain
B) because it increases thyroid functioning, which results in improved mood stabilization
C) because it helps to prevent manic episodes
D) because it elevates serotonin levels, which prevents depression

Question 78

In their study of individuals who experienced a marital separation or divorce,but who had no previous history of severe depression,what did Bruce and Kim (1992)find?

A) a higher rate of depression in men
B) a higher rate of depression in women
C) an approximately equal and a significant rate of depression for males and females
D) no serious symptoms of depression in either males or females

Question 79

Which of the following describes what is known regarding drug treatment for depression?

A) Drug treatments for mood disorders are effective for adults, but drug treatments are seldom effective with children.
B) Drug treatments that are effective for adults are equally effective for children.
C) Drug treatments for mood disorders that are effective for adults are even more effective for children.
D) Drug treatments for mood disorders are effective for adults but have sometimes caused sudden deaths in children.

Question 80

Karen had a baby about ten months ago.Ever since,she has had a poor appetite and poor self-esteem,been unable to sleep (even when the baby wasn't waking her),and been unable to concentrate for any length of time.What Karen is most likely experiencing?

A) major depression, single episode
B) postpartum depression
C) depression
D) postpartum psychosis