Deck 16: Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues

Question 1

Professor Dietrich is giving a lecture about stigmas concerning people who have a mental illness.What will Professor Dietrich MOST likely claim is the reason for the popular opinion that people who have a mental illness are more dangerous than those who do not?

A) public knowledge of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
B) data from medical records
C) media reports
D) statistics on homicide and other violent crimes

Answer 1

media reports

Question 2

In Quebec,a psychiatrist can commit a patient with schizophrenia if they refuse to take their medications.This provincial difference is due to which of the following?

A) It is the result of more liberal definitions of competence.
B) It is the result of more liberal definitions of dangerousness.
C) It is the result of restricting patients' right to refuse treatment.
D) It is the result of more narrow definitions of dangerousness.

Answer 2

It is the result of more liberal definitions of dangerousness.

Question 3

Gavin was taken into custody under the principle of parens patriae.What does this mean?

A) The state is acting as a legal advisor.
B) The state is acting as a social worker.
C) The state is acting as a legal guardian.
D) The state is acting as a surrogate parent.

Answer 3

The state is acting as a surrogate parent.

Question 4

According to the research by Ogloff and his colleagues of nearly 300 psychiatric patients,which of the following persons would be NOT likely be at risk for self-injury?

A) those who engaged in self-injurious behaviour within the two weeks before being committed to hospital
B) those who have a history of self-harm
C) those who showed verbal and physical aggression toward others in the hospital
D) those who were recently victimized by a sexual or physical assault

Question 5

Which of the following assessment tools and/or strategies created by Ogloff and his colleagues has been credited for its ability to accurately predict the risk of violence?

A) comprehensive IQ testing
B) psychic driving test
C) clinical utility evaluation
D) HCR-20 evaluation

Question 6

What do statistics say about the relationship between dangerousness and mental illness?

A) Statistics point to a moderately increased rate of violence among people with mental illness.
B) Statistics suggest that there is an overwhelming increase in the rate of violence among people with mental illness.
C) Statistics suggest that there is a significant increase in the rate of violence among those with mental illness and that the violent acts are more severe.
D) Statistics overwhelming prove that there is no evidence to suggest that a higher rate of violence exists among people with mental illness.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for involuntary civil commitment?

A) a lawyer's request that his or her client be admitted
B) a person is deemed dangerous to herself/himself or others
C) a person has a mental disorder
D) a person is in need of treatment

Question 8

The government justifies its right to commit someone to a mental health facility under two types of authority.One is police power.What is the second type?

A) legal power
B) the protection of the mentally ill
C) parens patriae (state as the parent)
D) the will of the people

Question 9

When can parens patriae power be used to commit individuals with severe mental illness to mental health facilities?

A) when it is believed that they might be harmed because they are unable to secure the basic necessities of life, such as food and shelter
B) when it is believed that they might be harmed because they are not taking their medications
C) when it is believed that they might be harmed because they are vulnerable to attack by other inmates in jail
D) when it is believed that they might be harmed because they are being abused in their family situation

Question 10

Hannah's family has just begun the process of civil commitment.What have they had completed?

A) a petition to the court, submitted by the Crown attorney's office
B) a report by police or emergency medical workers
C) an assessment by one or two physicians or psychiatrists
D) an individual voluntarily requesting admission to a mental health facility

Question 11

Which of the following is a general requirement for civil commitment in all provinces in Canada?

A) presence of a mental disorder
B) dangerousness to self or others
C) a crime having been committed
D) a need for treatment

Question 12

Joe is being treated in a closed psychiatric ward for his panic disorder with agoraphobia.Which of the following patient rights issues arises here?

A) The staff-patient ratio is insufficient.
B) Less restrictive treatments are available.
C) The patient has a right to treatment.
D) The patient has a right to refuse treatment.

Question 13

Which of the following is characteristic of the definition of mental illness in Canada?

A) It is defined differently among provinces and territories.
B) It is defined similarly across Canada.
C) It is defined by the hospital where the patient is being committed.
D) It is determined by the federal government.

Question 14

James Ogloff and his colleagues studied nearly 300 psychiatric patients who had been involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital.Which of the following factors was NOT found to be predictive of risk for suicidal behaviour?

A) reporting suicidal thoughts while in hospital
B) showing verbal and physical aggression toward others in hospital
C) a history of self-harm
D) delusions

Question 15

The government justifies its right to commit someone to a mental health facility under two types of authority: police power and parens patriae.Which of the following describes what happens under police power?

A) The government allows for the arrest of people who commit criminal offences whether mentally ill or not.
B) The government acts on behalf of a citizen who is not likely to act in his or her own best interest.
C) The government takes responsibility for protecting public health, safety, and welfare.
D) The government temporarily suspends the rights of a person who is harming or may harm others.

Question 16

The government justifies its right to commit someone to a mental health facility under two types of authority: police power and parens patriae.What happens under parens patriae?

A) The government becomes the legal guardian for an individual who is incompetent.
B) The government acts on behalf of a citizen who is not likely to act in his or her own best interest.
C) The government takes responsibility for protecting public health, safety, and welfare.
D) The government temporarily suspends the rights of a person who is harming or may harm others.

Question 17

What is the connection between mental illness from a legal standpoint and mental illness based on the criteria in the DSM-5?

A) Not everyone who is considered mentally ill from a legal standpoint would meet the criteria for a DSM-5 diagnosis.
B) It is a legal term used when the courts are describing dangerousness.
C) Not everyone who receives a DSM-5 diagnosis is considered mentally ill from a legal standpoint.
D) Mental illness has the same definition as psychological disorder.

Question 18

What has research determined regarding the accurate predictions of the risk for violence in mentally ill persons?

A) They can be made in over 90 percent of the cases.
B) They are rare but any prediction, even if inaccurate, is worth the risk to public safety.
C) They are impossible.
D) They are possible.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT outlined in civil commitment laws?

A) when a person is dangerous to himself/herself or others
B) when a person can be legally detained in a psychiatric institution, even against his or her will
C) what kinds of treatments can or cannot be administered, with or without the person's consent
D) when a person can be legally declared to have a mental illness

Question 20

Each Canadian jurisdiction has its own definition of mental illness.Saskatchewan uses what Robertson (1994)calls a functional definition.What does that mean?

A) It is practical and easy to understand and apply.
B) It emphasizes behaviour over emotions and thoughts.
C) It specifies the effect of the illness on the patient's thoughts and behaviour.
D) It serves the function of allowing for civil commitment.

Question 21

In an experiment by Schuller and colleagues (2004),mock jurors in a murder case involving a battered woman as the defendant reached different verdicts.What caused this variation?

A) The mock jurors weren't sure whether the defendant had killed her spouse during a fight or while he was sleeping.
B) The mock jurors weren't sure whether they had ever heard of the "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" defence.
C) The mock jurors weren't sure whether the victim had been previously convicted of a violent crime.
D) The mock jurors weren't sure whether the defendant had been previously convicted of a violent crime.

Question 22

Which of the goals of deinstitutionalization have been accomplished?

A) the creation of innovative outpatient mental health and recreational services
B) the reduction of the societal stigma that once harmed those suffering from a mental illness
C) the closing of large psychiatric hospitals
D) the creation of a network of community mental health centres

Question 23

What does the criminal commitment process refer to?

A) People are not held because they have only been accused of a crime and are instructed to be treated by their own psychiatrists because they have already been previously diagnosed.
B) People are held because they have been accused of a crime and are detained in a mental health facility until they can be assessed as fit or unfit to stand trial.
C) People are held because they have been found not criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder.
D) People are held because they have been convicted of a crime but are considered mentally ill and dangerous.

Question 24

According to Stuart and Arboldea-Florez (2000),what groups are increasing among the homeless?

A) younger people, women, and families
B) senior citizens who are unable to survive on fixed incomes
C) young children who have been abandoned by their families and women
D) couples and single women

Question 25

In which of the following cases would someone be allowed to use the insanity defence in The United States but not in Canada?

A) if the person knew what they were doing was wrong but was compelled to do it because of a compulsion or delusion
B) if the person was not aware of the law that they were breaking
C) if the person had been committed to a psychiatric institution within 12 months of committing the offence
D) if it was a charge of murder and the person did not know they had killed the person

Question 26

Over the past 40 years,which of the following has been the trend in mental health care?

A) increasing institutional beds
B) increasing hospital beds in psychiatric wards
C) increasing community care
D) increasing homelessness of the mentally ill who cannot receive mental health services

Question 27

According to estimates from social action agencies in the late 1980s,how many people in Canada were homeless?

A) 25 000-50 000
B) 50 000-100 000
C) 100 000-250 000
D) 250 000-500 000

Question 28

The term "transinstitutionalization" refers to the movement of people with severe mental illness out of psychiatric hospitals.Which of the following is NOT a place where these people are to move to?

A) jails and prisons
B) group residences
C) nursing homes
D) community health centres

Question 29

Last year,Danny murdered his brother,Wayne.Danny's lawyers have recommended the most commonly used insanity defence.What defence will Danny be using?

A) the M'Naghten rule
B) the American Law Institute rule 1962
C) the Mental Disease rule
D) the Durham rule

Question 30

Which of the following cases is the M'Naghten rule based on?

A) A man attempted to kill former Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.
B) A man in Ireland shot and killed his wife while in a dissociative state.
C) An Australian woman killed her husband after many years of severe abuse.
D) A man killed the British prime minister's secretary, thinking it was the prime minister.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a trend that has influenced the number of people in Canada who are involuntarily committed each year?

A) the increase in the number of people who are homeless
B) the inability to create the necessary network of community mental health services
C) the movement of people with severe mental illness out of institutions
D) the growing size of urban centres

Question 32

What were the two goals of the deinstitutionalization movement in the 1970s and 1980s?

A) to downsize or close the large mental hospitals and create a network of community mental health services
B) to close mental hospitals and give the responsibility of caring for the mentally ill back to their families
C) to improve treatment for mentally ill patients and save money
D) to eliminate the construct of "mental illness" and improve social conditions for the poor and vulnerable members of society

Question 33

Although battered woman syndrome is not recognized in the DSM-5,the Supreme Court of Canada has acknowledged that it may in some cases be used as a valid form of the self-defence defence.Why is this so?

A) because a woman who has been severely battered may not possess reasonable control over her behaviour
B) because an accused may reasonably believe that her life is in danger even though it may not be imminent or immediate
C) because a person has the right to protect himself or herself
D) because the battering may have resulted in brain damage, rendering the woman incapable of knowing right from wrong

Question 34

Which of the following is the Durham Rule of 1954?

A) A woman is not legally responsible for killing a spouse if she is suffering from battered woman syndrome.
B) A person cannot be tried for a criminal offence if they did not know what they were doing was wrong.
C) A person cannot be committed to a mental health facility against their will if they are not in danger of harming others.
D) A person is not responsible for a crime that is the result of a mental illness.

Question 35

What does research suggest is the relationship between mental health treatment and homelessness in Canada?

A) Deinstitutionalization created an increase in homelessness.
B) More than 90% of homeless people in Canada have a mental health disorder.
C) Symptoms of mental health disorders make living on the streets easier than living elsewhere for many people with mental illnesses.
D) Homelessness has increased because of an increase in unemployment and a shortage of low-income housing, which affects many mentally ill people indirectly.

Question 36

Since the 19th century,the method of determining responsibility when a person's mental state is in question has been based on the M'Naghten rule.Where did this rule originate?

A) England
B) Ireland
C) Australia
D) Canada

Question 37

In defence of deinstitutionalization,some have argued that it does not lead to homelessness or patient abandonment.For example,researchers at the University of Montreal did not find higher rates of homelessness in a deinstitutionalized sample as compared to a control sample of those who were hospitalized during the same interval.What did these researchers find?

A) Most discharged patients moved back home with their families.
B) Most discharged patients moved to some form of group residential supervised care in the community.
C) Most discharged patients sought hospitalized treatment in other communities.
D) Most discharged patients were able to live independently.

Question 38

What has been the result of the trend toward deinstitutionalization in the 1970s and 1980s?

A) decreased numbers of homeless mentally ill people
B) an increased number of patients in psychiatric institutions
C) a decreased number of patients in psychiatric institutions
D) better treatment of mentally ill patients in the community

Question 39

The M'Naghten rule (the insanity defence),which is still being used by numerous countries worldwide,holds that individuals are not responsible for their criminal behaviour if a certain condition applies.What is this condition?

A) if they don't know what they are doing or they don't know that what they are doing is wrong
B) if they don't know that what they are doing is illegal
C) if they know that what they're doing is wrong but they are unable to control their behaviour
D) if they are unable to appreciate the legal consequences of their act

Question 40

Under the 1985 Canadian Criminal Code,what would happen to a person found not guilty by reason of insanity?

A) The person would be automatically detained until his or her mental disorder improved sufficiently to justify release.
B) The person would be released back into the community in the care of his or her family.
C) The person would be automatically detained until he or she could appreciate the quality of his or her act.
D) The person would be incarcerated for the same number of years in a psychiatric institution as he or she would have been sentenced in jail for the same offence.

Question 41

What is recognized by the fact that the "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" defence used since 1991 has replaced "not guilty" with "not criminally responsible"?

A) The act is not really a crime because it was committed without sufficient intent.
B) The person feels remorse for the behaviour.
C) The person did commit the crime.
D) The act may be morally wrong but not legally wrong.

Question 42

According to Ogloff and Whittemore (2001),what do negative public perceptions of the "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" (NCRMD)defence reflect?

A) an underestimate by the public of how often the NCRMD defence is used in criminal cases
B) a lack of understanding by the public about the nature and prevalence of mental illness
C) a lack of understanding by the public about criminal law
D) a lack of appreciation by the public about just how serious the consequences are of using this defence

Question 43

Andrea is being held in a psychiatric hospital after being tried for a criminal offence.Why is she in this facility instead of in jail?

A) because she was found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder
B) because she was found criminally responsible because of her particular mental health diagnoses
C) because she was found not guilty by reason of insanity
D) because she was found to be unable to participate in legal proceedings against her

Question 44

Since 1991,when the "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" (NCRMD)defence was introduced in Canada,which of the following has occurred?

A) The number of people recommended for NCRMD has remained constant.
B) There have been fewer cases recommended for NCRMD each successive year since 1991.
C) There has been a slight increase over time in the number of people recommended for NCRMD, but it is still fairly uncommon.
D) There has been a steady and substantial increase each year in the number of people recommended for NCRMD and it is becoming the most common defence used in Canadian criminal cases.

Question 45

In British Columbia,during the two years following the legal change to the "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" (NCRMD)defence,what percentage of cases remanded for assessment of criminal responsibility led to psychiatrists' recommendations favouring an NCRMD defence?

A) 1 percent
B) 28.6 percent
C) 57 percent
D) 71.4 percent

Question 46

According to the Canadian Criminal Code,which of the following is NOT a requirement for a person assessed as being fit to stand trial?

A) They must understand the nature and object of the proceedings.
B) They must understand the nature and moral quality of the act of which they stand accused.
C) They must understand the possible consequences of the proceedings.
D) They must communicate with counsel.

Question 47

What did the court find in the 1995 case (described in your textbook)of André Dallaire,who tried to kill former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien?

A) André Dallaire was not guilty of the crime and not criminally responsible for his actions.
B) André Dallaire was guilty of the crime but not criminally responsible for his actions.
C) André Dallaire was guilty of the crime but insane.
D) André Dallaire was not guilty of the crime by reason of insanity.

Question 48

Since Joe's arrest,a decision was made to have him undergo the Fitness Interview Test-Revised,a three-part instrument developed by Webster and colleagues (1999).What is the purpose of this test?

A) to assess a person's mental state at the time a crime was committed
B) to determine a person's physical and intellectual status as part of a standard pretrial assessment
C) to assess a criminal defendant's ability to appreciate the quality and moral nature of the act of which he or she is accused
D) to assess a criminal defendant's fitness to stand trial

Question 49

The court has found that Mounir is currently unable to participate in his own defence.What does this mean?

A) The court found Mounir not guilty by reason of insanity.
B) The court found Mounir not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder.
C) The court found Mounir unfit to stand trial.
D) Mounir was conditionally charged.

Question 50

If a person succeeds at using the "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder defence," which of the following is most likely to occur?

A) The person would express regret for having done so because of the stigma associated with mental illness.
B) The person would automatically be incarcerated in a psychiatric institution for exactly the same length of time as he would have been sentenced to prison if he had not used this defence.
C) The person may end up spending only a fraction of the time in a psychiatric institution than he would have been sentenced to prison if he had not used this defence.
D) The person may end up incarcerated in psychiatric institutions for much longer periods than he would have been sentenced to prison if he had not used this defence.

Question 51

According to Hans (1986),what percentage of people who responded to a survey agreed with the statement that the "insanity plea is a loophole that allows too many guilty people to go free"?

A) 23 percent
B) 44 percent
C) 77 percent
D) 91 percent

Question 52

A TV reporter is interviewing students about the insanity plea.If these students are similar to about 90 percent of the population,which of the following statements will they agree with?

A) "If someone successfully pleads insanity, he or she will spend more time in a mental hospital than in a jail."
B) "There are more mentally ill people in prisons than in mental hospitals."
C) "The insanity defence is not used in enough cases. Too many mentally ill people are in jail instead of in hospitals."
D) "Too many people escape responsibility for their crimes by pleading insanity."

Question 53

Margaret was diagnosed with schizophrenia ten years ago and has been hospitalized several times.She has paranoid delusions and hallucinations.Her speech is rambling and incoherent.Recently,Margaret got hold of a gun and shot several people,believing that they were her enemies.Following her arrest,what is the most likely scenario for Margaret?

A) Her case will never go to trial.
B) She will be found fit to stand trial.
C) If convicted, she will go to prison.
D) Following a trial, she will be hospitalized again.

Question 54

What has research shown regarding the Fitness Interview Test-Revised,which was developed by Webster and colleagues (1999)?

A) It reliably screens out those individuals who are unable to appreciate the quality and moral nature of the act of which they are accused.
B) It is a reliable assessment of a person's mental state at the time a crime was committed.
C) It reliably screens out those individuals who are clearly fit to stand trial.
D) It is considered an unreliable assessment tool.

Question 55

In a Canadian review,Woodworth and colleagues (2003)suggested that forensic community programs are one of the best settings for helping people who are judged to be not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder.Which of the following is NOT a recommendation made by the authors to ensure a successful implementation of such community-based programs?

A) Routine use must be made of validated risk assessment tools.
B) There must be unanimous acceptance of the program by people in the community.
C) People in the community must be aware of the program and educated about the risk that these individuals pose.
D) There must be high levels of monitoring of these individuals.

Question 56

The outcome of Frank's trial resulted in a finding of "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder." According to Canadian law,where will Frank now be sent?

A) a psychiatric hospital
B) a prison
C) a community mental health centre
D) a prison with 24-hour psychiatric treatment

Question 57

Which of the following best describes the public perception that people with mental illness have "beat the rap" as a result of being judged not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder?

A) It is an incorrect perception.
B) It is considered a factual perception in murder cases.
C) It is true for males who commit crimes but not for females who commit crimes.
D) It is correct perception.

Question 58

According to Ogloff and Whittemore's (2001)research on public opinions,what happens when someone is found not criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder?

A) The public often protests that the person "got off" too easily.
B) The public expresses more negative views of the mentally ill than before.
C) The public becomes a little more educated about the nature of mental illness.
D) The public mistakenly believes the person will be hospitalized for the rest of his or her life.

Question 59

Andrew has been accused of committing a crime and is currently in a mental health facility.He will stay there until it is determined that he is fit to participate in legal proceedings against him.What does it mean if Andrew is found unfit to stand trial?

A) He will be convicted of the crime but sent to a psychiatric hospital instead of prison.
B) He will have a better chance of success with a "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" defence.
C) He will be conditionally discharged, detained in hospital, or ordered to receive treatment.
D) He will be acquitted of the crime.

Question 60

According to Canadian law,who can raise the issue of "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" (NCRMD)at any time,and who can raise the possibility of NCRMD only after the defendant has been found guilty or after the defence raises the issue of the defendant's mental state?

A) defendant and prosecution, respectively
B) government and psychiatrist, respectively
C) prosecution and defendant, respectively
D) defendant and psychiatrist, respectively

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT included in the "boundary issues" principle in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists?

A) Give reasonable assistance to help a person secure needed services if the therapist is unable to treat the person himself or herself.
B) Do not exploit any relationship established with a client to further one's own personal, business, or political interests at the expense of the best interests of the client.
C) Avoid dual relationships (e.g., acting as therapist to someone the therapist has interactions with in another context).
D) Do not take advantage of a client's trust or dependency to encourage or engage in sexual relations with clients or with a client's partner or relatives.

Question 62

Which of the following rights of people with mental illness in Canada is NOT protected by advocacy efforts and constitutional provisions?

A) the right to refuse treatment
B) the right to choose their own medial practitioner
C) the right to legal counsel
D) the right to treatment in the least restrictive environment

Question 63

Which of the following psychological tests has been used to accurately identify malingering in persons claiming to have post-traumatic stress disorder?

A) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
C) Rorschach Inkblot Test
D) Wechsler Adult Scale of Intelligence (WAIS)

Question 64

Which of the following subjects is NOT included in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists published by the Canadian Psychological Association?

A) the requirement that psychologists do no harm
B) boundary issues
C) the need for psychologists to practise within their area of expertise
D) total confidentiality

Question 65

What does "malingering" mean?

A) warning potential victims of the mentally ill
B) hanging around on street corners
C) feigning symptoms, possibly to avoid criminal prosecution
D) reporting child abuse

Question 66

In the 1980s,psychologist David Garner lost his licence to practise psychology in Ontario after he engaged in sexual relations with two clients he was treating.Which ethical principle for psychologists did Garner breach?

A) boundary issues
B) do no harm
C) not engaging in sexual relationships with clients under the age of 21
D) recognizing limits of competence

Question 67

Wyatt v.Stickney (1972),a U.S.class action lawsuit filed on behalf of mental patients,addressed several issues.Which of the following is NOT one of these issues?

A) methods of administering medication
B) adequate shower and toilet facilities
C) staff?0?patient ratios
D) treatment goals

Question 68

Although Canada has not had a legal precedent like the ruling in the Tarasoff case in the United States,what did the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench state in Wenden v.Trikha (1991)?

A) Psychologists must never violate patient-therapist confidentiality.
B) Canadian psychologists must abide by U.S. laws regarding a duty to warn.
C) A duty to warn might be imposed for psychologists under some circumstances.
D) Psychologists will not be held responsible for not warning a patient's potential victim(s).

Question 69

Why is the public often skeptical of testimony from expert witnesses?

A) Expert witnesses are biased and want their testimony in court to be consistent with what they have concluded in research they have published.
B) Expert witnesses generally are concerned about being sued if they give testimony that frees a person who goes on to commit a violent crime.
C) The public suspects that the side paying the expert witness determines the expert's opinion.
D) The public often does not fully understand the scope and breadth of expertise within academic fields.

Question 70

Fatima is has a mental illness.She has the legal right to treatment.What else does she have a legal right to?

A) hospital treatment for as long as it takes to stabilize
B) the least restrictive treatment option possible
C) to refuse treatment even if she is at risk for harming herself or others
D) to choose the facility where she will receive treatment

Question 71

Gerri was found to be malingering.How was Gerri's malingering MOST likely detected?

A) through a polygraph
B) through a validated instruments such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
C) through the clinical experience of expert witnesses
D) through an fMRI

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT an area in which expert witnesses assist courts or juries in making decisions?

A) identifying malingering (faking symptoms)
B) assessing the accused's potential for future violence
C) determining whether someone has a "mental illness"
D) assessing someone's fitness to stand trial

Question 73

Mental health expert witnesses appear to have expertise in several areas.Which of the following is NOT one of these areas?

A) making reliable diagnoses according to DSM-5 criteria
B) identifying malingering
C) identifying the underlying causes of the person's mental disorder
D) assessing competence to stand trial

Question 74

Why is the public often skeptical of testimony from expert witnesses?

A) Expert witnesses are biased and want their testimony in court to be consistent with what they have concluded in research they have published.
B) Expert witnesses generally are concerned about being sued if they give testimony that frees a person who goes on to commit a violent crime.
C) The public suspects that the side paying the expert witness determines the expert's opinion.
D) The public often does not fully understand the scope and breadth of expertise within academic fields.

Question 75

Dr.Bell works in the United States.Dr.Bell has a patient who has made threats against someone. What is Dr.Bell's legal obligation (if any)?

A) to warn a patient's potential victim(s)
B) to advise a patient of his or her rights
C) to file a police report
D) to involuntarily commit the patient

Question 76

As specified by the U.S.case of Wyatt v.Stickney (1972),the least restrictive conditions for intellectually disabled individuals included several issues.Which all of the following is NOT one of these issues?

A) integration into the community
B) more structured living
C) smaller facilities
D) independent living

Question 77

According to your textbook,what is one of the most fundamental rights of people in mental health facilities?

A) the right to treatment
B) the right to legal counsel
C) the right to refuse treatment
D) the right to not participate in research

Question 78

In the 1970s U.S.case Tarasoff v.Regents of the University of California,a student killed a fellow student who had rejected his romantic advances.What important issue did this case involve?

A) competency
B) duty to warn
C) restrictive environment
D) patients' rights

Question 79

Dr.Beck is a psychologist who risked having his psychologist's licence revoked after he was ordered by the provincial court to surrender his records on a client who was involved in a criminal proceeding.Dr.Beck had recorded information about his client that was so carelessly and ambiguously worded that it was clinically inaccurate and was misinterpreted by the jury,to the detriment of his client.Which principle in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists did Dr.Beck appear to violate?

A) recognizing limits of competence
B) incompetence case recording
C) boundary issues
D) do no harm

Question 80

According to your textbook,which of the following is one of the most controversial issues in mental health today?

A) the "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" defence
B) the misuse of expert witnesses in criminal trials
C) the right of people, even those with severe mental disorders, to refuse treatment
D) sexual relations between therapists and clients