Deck 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The two basic approaches to treating mental illness are:

A) psychological and biological
B) psychopharmacology and behavior therapy
C) Freudian therapy and client-centered therapy
D) behavior modification and cognitive therapy

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Psychodynamic therapy has become increasingly controversial because it:

A) does not appear to work with minor adjustment problems
B) is more time consuming and expensive than many other effective therapies
C) is based on the "talk therapy" model, which research has shown to have little effect on psychological functioning
D) relies more on medication than on the patient/therapist relationship

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Contemporary psychodynamic therapy includes:

A) focusing on the therapist/patient relationship
B) looking for recurring themes
C) exploring distressing thoughts
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Someone with a disorder such as _____ would be best helped by psychodynamic therapy because _____.

A) schizophrenia; people with schizophrenia usually have histories of trauma and abuse, and psychodynamic therapy helps people deal with these experiences
B) depression; depression is the result of traumatic childhood experiences, and psychodynamic therapy helps people deal with these experiences
C) borderline personality disorder; psychodynamic therapy is focused on uncovering interpersonal relationships and problems with childhood attachments
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder; psychodynamic therapy deals well with compulsions and teaches clients how to extinguish maladaptive behavioral responses

Question 5

Renaldo is a 20-year-old male who has shown some odd behaviors in the past but has always seemed mostly normal to other people.However,lately he has been hearing voices,seeing things that he knows cannot be real,and expressing paranoia about others' intentions.His family has noticed a dramatic change in Renaldo and fears he is going crazy.Considering current evidence regarding the best treatment(s)overall for people with mental disorders,you would expect that Renaldo would _____ because _____.

A) receive at least two forms of biological treatment; biological treatments are synergistic and produce prolonged and profound effects when administered together
B) be put in inpatient care; distance from a dysfunctional family system will often reduce dysfunctional behaviors
C) receive both a biological treatment and a psychotherapeutic treatment; drugs can have an immediate impact, whereas psychotherapy can effect long-lasting behavioral changes
D) receive two forms of psychotherapy; each can deal with a specific problematic aspect of functioning (e.g., one can deal with emotions, whereas the other can deal with delusional thinking)

Question 6

Freud arranged his therapy room so that his patient could not see him.In his view,this physical arrangement:

A) allowed him to focus on his own feelings
B) increased the sense of mystery experienced by his patient
C) caused the patient to feel more vulnerable and thus to express his or her sickness more
D) reduced inhibitions the patient might feel about revealing unconscious thoughts and wishes

Question 7

One of the limits of biological therapies in treating mental disorders is that:

A) such treatment may require long-term intervention
B) almost all psychotropic drugs are habit forming
C) they are more expensive than other forms of therapy
D) they cannot be used with children

Question 8

Jason has recently been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder.Jason's treatment will probably involve one or both of the two major classes of treatment,which are:

A) psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy
B) biological treatment and psychotherapy
C) psychotherapy and behavioral therapy
D) client-centered therapy and biological treatment

Question 9

A general conclusion that can be reached from much recent research on treating mental disorders is that:

A) psychotropic medications are the treatment of choice for most disorders because they all involve dysfunctional brain systems
B) medications should be given at the beginning of treatment, whereas psychotherapy can be used to teach patients long-term change in behaviors and thought patterns
C) even though some mental disorders are clearly caused by biological factors such as autism, the best treatment may be based on behavioral principles
D) the use of psychotropic medications is likely to become much less popular in the years ahead

Question 10

Two mental health providers are choosing treatment approaches for two different patients.Patient A has schizophrenia,believed to be caused by brain dysfunction,and is being seen by Dr.Brahma,a psychiatrist.Patient B has a mild eating disorder,believed to be caused in part by inaccurate beliefs,and is being seen by Dr.Johnson,a clinical psychologist.Patient A will likely receive _____ treatment,and Patient B will likely receive _____ treatment,each being one of the major treatment approaches available to mental health professionals.

A) applied behavior analysis; cognitive therapy
B) cognitive therapy; biological treatment
C) biological treatment; applied behavior analysis
D) biological treatment; psychotherapy

Question 11

The goal of Freud's psychoanalytic approach to therapy was to:

A) have patients acknowledge their abuse history
B) have clients acknowledge the mismatch between their ideal and actual selves
C) uncover the unconscious feelings and motives that were creating problems for the patient
D) retrain maladaptive behaviors through techniques such as classical conditioning

Question 12

Which of the following phenomena do contemporary psychodynamic therapists NOT explore with their clients?

A) interpersonal relations and childhood attachments
B) cognitive distortions
C) unresolved conflicts
D) recurring themes and patterns in thoughts and feelings

Question 13

Which of the following patients would benefit most from psychoanalysis?

A) a person recently diagnosed with schizophrenia who is in an acute psychotic episode
B) a low-functioning person with depression in need of immediate behavioral change
C) a person with antisocial personality disorder
D) a young person who cannot separate emotionally from his parents and who is experiencing an identity crisis

Question 14

Rajneesh decided that in order for him to lead a healthy and productive life,he needed to separate emotionally from his parents and give up their dreams of him becoming a doctor.Rajneesh resented his parents because of their lack of understanding of his unique interests and abilities.When he was young,they always said,"We want you to be as successful as your brother,the doctor," even though Rajneesh never showed an interest in medicine and instead preferred the arts.Rajneesh was trying to work out his issues between himself and his parents.Problems like Rajneesh's,which deal with childhood attachment,interpersonal relationships,and early childhood experiences,might be best helped by treatment with:

A) applied behavior analysis
B) rational emotive therapy
C) psychodynamic therapy
D) exposure therapy

Question 15

One primary goal of psychotherapy is to:

A) assess a person's dreams
B) change behavioral patterns
C) improve communication skills
D) none of the above

Question 16

All forms of psychotherapies depend on the:

A) therapist/client relationship
B) age of the client
C) therapist's training and expertise
D) clinical setting

Question 17

Recent use of psychodynamic therapy has changed in which of the following ways?

A) More emphasis is now placed on uncovering childhood traumas.
B) It now involves a strong behavior modification component.
C) The length of the treatment is significantly shorter.
D) People are treated primarily in groups rather than one on one.

Question 18

Studies of people with schizophrenia who live with their families after therapy indicate that:

A) the family has little influence on the course of the illness
B) the amount of negative emotion expressed toward the individual by family members predicts relapse rates
C) the more time spent with the family, the better the prognosis
D) relapse rates are higher when families are wealthier

Question 19

Psychoanalysis uses _____ to help patients gain insight into their psychological processes.

A) free association
B) learned maladaptive behaviors
C) faulty thinking
D) emotional expression

Question 20

If psychotherapy and biological therapy for a given mental disorder are found to be equally effective and only one therapy can be used:

A) psychotherapy should be used because it has no side effects and has longer-lasting effects
B) biological therapy should be used because it has longer-lasting effects
C) choice of therapies should be left up to the patient, not the physician or psychiatrist
D) alternative therapies should be investigated

Question 21

Which form of psychotherapy emphasizes the modification of distorted or faulty thinking?

A) group therapy
B) humanistic therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) behavioral therapy

Question 22

Hamza is a very gentle person who values others' opinions and wants to help people live up to their potential.He is never critical or argumentative with others.He believes all people have many positive qualities and seeks to make others feel valuable and special.If Hamza decided to go into the mental health field,the _____ approach to therapy would best match his personality.

A) psychodynamic
B) rational-emotive
C) moral
D) humanistic

Question 23

Imagine that you have gone to the university's counseling center.There you encounter a therapist who does not pass judgment on your behavior,encourages you to talk about your subjective experiences,and frequently attempts to paraphrase,or say back to you,what you have just said.This therapist is probably using:

A) behavioral modification
B) a variant of the psychodynamic approach
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy
D) client-centered therapy

Question 24

A cognitive therapist would probably find it easiest to work with which of the following clients?

A) Jan, a woman who believes that she is being followed by people from another planet
B) Jordan, a woman who falsely believes that she is the president of the United States
C) Jouma, an extremely self-centered woman who believes that other people are worthless and useless and that her needs are the only important ones
D) Jamala, a woman who believes that she is worthless and who experiences extreme anxiety because she worries that she is not loveable

Question 25

Hayley has a snake phobia.She has always avoided situations in which she may encounter a snake,and she will even avoid viewing pictures of them.If Hayley's therapist approaches her problem from a behavioral perspective,he may use:

A) thought prevention
B) exposure therapy
C) reaction-prevention therapy
D) rational-emotive behavior therapy

Question 26

A friend describes having had therapy for a fear of snakes in which she was first asked to think about snakes,then shown pictures of them,and finally,several sessions later,given the opportunity to actually pick up a snake.Her therapist is using:

A) overload techniques
B) exposure techniques
C) distraction
D) modeling

Question 27

Behavioral therapies are based on the idea that:

A) distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors
B) behavior is learned
C) behavior is influenced by unconscious motives
D) none of the above

Question 28

Reflective listening is used primarily in _____ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) psychodynamic
D) group

Question 29

Brendon believes that he is worthless,that other people do not like him,and that he will never have satisfying interpersonal relationships.To counteract this belief,Brendon's therapist says to him,"Brendon,I like and appreciate you.I enjoy interacting with you.What do you think of that?" Brendon says,"Well,if you like me,I guess it makes me think I am not such a bad person after all." In discussing these issues with his therapist,Brendon starts to think differently about himself.The therapist is using _____ with Brendon.

A) behavioral rationalization
B) rational creativity
C) cognitive restructuring
D) emotive analysis

Question 30

In which form of therapy is the therapist most likely to model or demonstrate adaptive behaviors so the client can learn how to perform these behaviors?

A) psychodynamic
B) client-centered
C) behavioral
D) rational-emotive therapy

Question 31

Deepa is excessively shy in public and finds it almost impossible to talk to people she does not know.People think she is aloof,but actually she is terribly afraid that people will criticize her,and so she dislikes and avoids interacting with others.If she chose to go into psychotherapy to overcome this problem,the therapist who would seem least threatening to her would be a(n):

A) client-centered therapist
B) psychoanalyst
C) rational-emotive therapist
D) applied behavior analyst

Question 32

Jenny is in psychotherapy for an eating disorder.Her therapist is warm and supportive and can easily take her perspective.He encourages her to express her thoughts and feelings about her eating issues and does not judge or criticize anything she says.This therapeutic relationship is the basis for change,creating an environment where the client can be herself.This therapist is using a _____ therapeutic approach.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) client-centered
C) rational-emotive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 33

Your therapist suggests that when you go to college,you keep a diary and record events and your emotional reactions to them.She says that this will help keep you physically healthy.Is this a good suggestion?

A) Yes; it has been shown to improve immune functioning and reduce frequency of illness.
B) No; it will cause you to ruminate about your troubles and not deal with them.
C) No; it will serve as a constant reminder of the difficulties you are facing.
D) Yes; but only in the short term-there will be no long-term benefits.

Question 34

In Ellis's rational-emotive therapy:

A) the focus is on how the situation elicits maladaptive behaviors
B) a therapist explains and demonstrates thinking patterns that are adaptive
C) a link between dysfunctional emotions and unstructured thought is developed by the client
D) maladaptive behaviors are extinguished via classical conditioning

Question 35

Humanistic approaches to treatment are focused on:

A) creating ambiguous situations in which clients can project their deepest motives
B) changing specific problematic behaviors
C) highlighting a client's problematic thinking patterns
D) creating a warm and supportive environment in which clients can express themselves honestly

Question 36

What characterizes client-centered therapy?

A) the use of dream interpretations to uncover unconscious conflicts
B) the use of direct suggestions for how the patient could behave more effectively
C) getting the patient to take the perspective of others so he or she can become more empathetic
D) helping the client to clarify his or her feelings

Question 37

If Ivan Pavlov had never conducted his classical conditioning studies,therapists might never have developed:

A) exposure therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) insight therapy
D) dialectical behavior therapy

Question 38

The idea that behaviors are learned and can be unlearned through classical and operant conditioning is the basis of _____ therapies.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic

Question 39

Jalisa is in therapy for major depression.In therapy,she has been encouraged to acknowledge and express her feelings in a warm,accepting environment established by her therapist.Jalisa is probably in therapy with a(n):

A) humanistic therapist
B) rational-emotive therapist
C) psychoanalyst
D) applied behavior analyst

Question 40

Dallas believes that he will never be successful enough or likeable enough.His friends always tell him that he is too hard on himself,but he persists in the belief that he will never live up to his own high standards.Dallas would benefit most from _____ because his beliefs about himself are both negative and unrealistic.

A) applied behavior analysis
B) psychoanalysis
C) cognitive restructuring
D) client-centered therapy

Question 41

The use of tranquilizers to control anxiety disorders:

A) is problematic because many of these drugs are addictive
B) is ideal because most of these drugs are not addictive
C) increases the presence of an excitatory neurotransmitter
D) is most effective for phobias

Question 42

Haloperidol is a medication that acts on key neurotransmitter systems to effect cognitive and behavioral changes.Jake takes haloperidol to ease his hallucinations and delusional thinking.Jake is taking:

A) illicit drugs
B) psychedelic drugs
C) a set of endogenous neurotransmitter agonists
D) an antipsychotic medication

Question 43

Assiyah,a therapy client,believes she is an unattractive person.Her therapist told her: "Go to a social gathering and ask out five different men." Assiyah did this,and each man agreed to go on a date with her.Her belief that she was unattractive then changed.Her therapist is using _____ with Assiyah.

A) rational analytic therapy
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy
C) emotion recognition therapy
D) insight therapy

Question 44

Constanza just entered therapy for an eating disorder.She is starting to recognize how her role in the family affects her family members' treatment of her.She has started to consciously change some of her interpersonal behaviors; for example,she now stands up for herself when someone criticizes her.Accordingly,her parents are starting to treat her with more respect.The positive changes in the family's interactions makes sense if you look at the problem from a(n)_____ perspective.

A) family cycle
B) expressed emotion
C) systems
D) cathartic

Question 45

_____ was a strong advocate of the cognitive restructuring approach to therapy,which has been shown to be very effective in treating _____.

A) Carl Rogers; mild adjustment problems
B) Erik Erikson; mild adjustment problems
C) Aaron Beck; depression
D) Abraham Maslow; depression

Question 46

Jen is a college student who was diagnosed with depression last year; subsequently,she was given a prescription for Prozac.This year,she is studying abroad in India,and in order not to become depressed again,she has kept taking her medicine.It is slightly more likely that she will say to her Indian doctor that she is experiencing _____ because _____.

A) depression; she wants the right prescription
B) depression; the disorder is more culturally accepted as a normal part of life in non-Western countries
C) strain and tension; being depressed carries a social stigma in India
D) strain and tension; the medical establishment in India does not see depression as a mental health problem

Question 47

When you go to your therapist in an attempt to overcome your fear of heights,she asks you to lie on a couch and relax while you imagine slowly climbing up the steps of a ladder.She is using:

A) insight therapy
B) creative visualization therapy
C) flooding technique
D) systematic desensitization

Question 48

Group therapy increased in use after World War II because:

A) it was particularly effective in dealing with anxiety and depression related to combat situations
B) the number of people needing therapy far exceeded the number of available therapists
C) group therapy best mimicked an organized military context
D) it was found to be the best empirically validated treatment available at that time

Question 49

Which of the following terms is NOT a category of psychotropic drugs?

A) anti-anxiety drugs
B) antidepressants
C) antipsychotics
D) antisystolics

Question 50

Cognitive-behavioral therapy works best with:

A) personality disorders
B) schizophrenia
C) anxiety and mood disorders
D) autism

Question 51

Jaime has generalized anxiety disorder.Her psychiatrist gives her a psychotropic medication.The most likely action of this drug is to _____ activity.

A) increase GABA
B) increase dopamine
C) decrease norepinephrine
D) decrease serotonin

Question 52

In contrast to insight therapies,behavioral therapy:

A) sees maladaptive behavior as the problem to be treated
B) attempts to uncover the underlying conflict that gives rise to the maladaptive behavior
C) trains patients to express their emotions
D) focuses on the whole person

Question 53

The most widely used biologically based therapy for mental disorders is:

A) psychotropic medication
B) brain stimulation
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) biofeedback

Question 54

Which of the following factors is NOT an advantage of group therapy?

A) practice using new interpersonal behaviors
B) cost
C) lack of need for a trained therapist
D) increasing insight

Question 55

Being helped by listening to another person's experiences is the goal of _____ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) humanistic
D) group

Question 56

In behavior therapy,an important aspect of treatment is _____,and this is called _____.

A) eliciting the undesirable behavior so it can be punished; behavior modification
B) getting the patient to model the correct behavior; classical conditioning
C) reinforcing desired behaviors; behavior modification
D) getting the patient to recognize the motives behind the maladaptive behavior; projective behavioral assessment

Question 57

Dora the Explorer is on a mission to find a completely healthy society in which people experience no mental disorders.According to the systems approach,Dora will never succeed in her mission because people:

A) are biopsychosocial organisms, and any aspect of an organism may be dysfunctional
B) exist in families and larger social units, and those units are often dysfunctional
C) always strive for personal achievement and fulfillment in a society with outdated laws and regulations that inhibit an individual's free expression
D) fail to understand that they have a faulty cognitive system, and this faulty system causes them to think illogically

Question 58

In Society X,everyone has enough money,people demonstrate good social skills,and most people experience adequate mental and physical health.At the same time,some people wish to go into therapy for minor problems,for example,related to breaking bad habits or simply for personal growth.In Society X,there is the least amount of need for:

A) antipsychotic medication
B) client-centered therapy
C) behavioral therapy
D) brief therapies

Question 59

Jeremy knows that the anxiety he experiences is abnormal.He thinks he may have generalized anxiety disorder.Jeremy does not have a lot of money,is in need of social support,and desires a structured therapy setting.In terms of psychological treatment,the best choice for Jeremy would be:

A) brief psychoanalytic therapy
B) brief cognitive therapy
C) brief client-centered therapy
D) group therapy

Question 60

In some cultures,it is more acceptable to say a person is "not feeling well" than to say the person "is feeling depressed." According to the discussion in your textbook,you would be correct if you assumed that cultures that use _____ probably have _____.

A) more words for psychological disorders; a low degree of cultural acceptance for those disorders
B) more words for psychological disorders; more people with serious psychological disorders
C) fewer words for psychological disorders; better resources to deal with those disorders in the community
D) fewer words for psychological disorders; some cultural stigma attached to those disorders

Question 61

Who is usually given credit for introducing surgical treatments of mental disorders?

A) Freud
B) Moniz
C) Gottman
D) Erikson

Question 62

Like some other biological treatment techniques,_____ was originally developed to treat the medical condition _____,but after use with psychological disorders was found to be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression.

A) electroconvulsive therapy; Renaud's disease
B) deep brain stimulation; Parkinson's disease
C) transcranial magnetic stimulation; brain injury
D) targeted prefrontal lobotomy; Tourette's syndrome

Question 63

Antipsychotic drugs:

A) affect behavior, but do little to affect cognition
B) have some minor and reversible side effects
C) reduce the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations
D) are most helpful with people who have catatonic schizophrenia

Question 64

What do the alternative biological (nondrug)treatments for psychological disorders primarily have in common?

A) They all tend to overemphasize the role of free will in recovery.
B) They all involve surgical techniques.
C) They all attempt to directly alter brain functioning.
D) They all depend on behaviorist principles.

Question 65

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (such as Prozac):

A) are ideal drugs for treating severe depression
B) can cause sexual dysfunction
C) work for adults, but are usually not effective with children
D) have been used to effectively treat almost all forms of mental illness

Question 66

Phoua has been severely depressed for the last year and has been hospitalized for the past three months because she is suicidal and a danger to herself.Many of the "first-line" or typical treatments for depression have not been effective for Phoua,including cognitive therapy and drug therapy.The form of treatment most likely to be effective for her is:

A) institutionalization
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) a prefrontal lobotomy
D) a combination of deep brain stimulation and an atypical antipsychotic

Question 67

This treatment delivers a strong electrical current to the brain,with the goal of reducing the symptoms of depression:

A) transcranial magnetic stimulation
B) deep brain stimulation
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) none of the above

Question 68

The extensive use of _____ is largely responsible for the dramatic reduction in the number of individuals institutionalized for mental disorders in the latter half of the last century.

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) behavior modification
C) medications
D) social skills training

Question 69

With the development of _____ used to treat serious mental disorders,the use of _____ declined starting in the 1950s.

A) trepanning; drug therapy
B) drug therapy; electroconvulsive therapy
C) electroconvulsive therapy; drug therapy
D) drug therapy; prefrontal lobotomies

Question 70

Antipsychotic medications would not be effective if they did not:

A) block serotonin
B) block dopamine
C) enhance dopamine
D) enhance serotonin

Question 71

In this form of treatment,electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes implanted in the brain:

A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) deep brain stimulation
C) transcranial magnetic stimulation
D) none of the above

Question 72

Arianna has anxiety symptoms and has been prescribed an anti-anxiety medication.She will probably be prescribed _____,will experience an increase in _____ neurotransmitter activity,and may experience_____.

A) Xanax; serotonin; drowsiness
B) Xanax; GABA; drowsiness
C) Risperdol; dopamine; facial tics
D) Risperdol; acetylcholine; facial tics

Question 73

If Prozac did not increase the activity of _____,it would not be effective in treating depression.

A) norepinephrine
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) serotonin

Question 74

This type of medication works by increasing the level of serotonin and other neurotransmitters in the brain:

A) anti-anxiety
B) antidepressants
C) antipsychotic
D) none of the above

Question 75

John is being treated with a biological therapy for a disorder.His side effects include twitching muscles in his neck and face.John probably has _____ and is being treated with _____.

A) depression; an older tricyclic
B) depression; transcranial magnetic stimulation
C) schizophrenia; a traditional antipsychotic
D) schizophrenia; deep brain stimulation

Question 76

The fact that people used to engage in _____ means that _____.

A) trepanning; people have always sought ways to treat mental disorders
B) prefrontal lobotomies; people have always sought ways to punish those with mental disorders
C) ritualistic cleansing; people have always sought ways to treat mental disorders
D) electroconvulsive therapy; people have always sought ways to punish those with mental disorders

Question 77

Serotonin affects mood,but is also the neurotransmitter most associated with appetite.Which of the following medications would most disrupt normal hunger cues?

A) Prozac
B) Xanax
C) a tricyclic
D) a MAO-inhibitor

Question 78

Ramos has symptoms of panic disorder and has been prescribed the drug Xanax.Due to the medication,he is most likely to have side effects such as:

A) facial tics
B) sexual dysfunction
C) drowsiness
D) white blood cell deficiency

Question 79

Which of the following actions is NOT performed by at least one type of antidepressant?

A) increasing the action of monoamine oxidase
B) increasing the action of dopamine
C) increasing the action of serotonin
D) increasing the action of norepinephrine

Question 80

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work by:

A) allowing serotonin to remain in the synapse
B) facilitating the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron
C) blocking serotonin's effects on the postsynaptic receptors
D) converting serotonin to another chemical form