Deck 10: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

After watching an episode of the Dr. Phil TV show, Shanae wonders why anyone would want to air their interpersonal dirty laundry in front of 70 million viewers. Shanae is most likely wondering about the ________ of Dr. Phil's guests.

A) motivation
B) instincts
C) self-esteem
D) intelligence

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

A thermostat in your house is a good analogy for

A) drive.
B) instinct.
C) homeostasis.
D) emotion.

Answer 2

homeostasis.

Question 3

Paige is an expert at golf and is bored by the thought of the upcoming tournament. Mary is pretty good at golf, and is somewhat excited, but not overly anxious about the tournament. Sara has only recently learned to play, but has very high expectations and is really nervous about the tournament. Jenna is also a beginner but she does not expect to play well. According to optimum arousal theory, who will perform the best?

A) Paige
B) Mary
C) Sara
D) Jenna

Answer 3

Mary

Question 4

Darrin is a good piano player. If he is alone, he gets distracted and makes mistakes. At a recital with strangers, he also makes mistakes. His best performance is typically when family and friends are nearby. This is an example of the

A) Yerkes-Dodson law.
B) set-point theory.
C) James-Lange theory.
D) Cannon-Bard theory.

Question 5

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, optimum performance is achieved when one is

A) highly anxious.
B) highly relaxed.
C) moderately anxious.
D) very afraid.

Question 6

Cannon and Washburn measured stomach contractions with a balloon. They found that when subjects reported

A) thirst, their stomach was relaxed.
B) a full stomach, their stomach was relaxed.
C) hunger, their stomach was contracting.
D) thirst, their stomach was empty.

Question 7

A need is to a physiological state as a drive is to a(n) ________ state.

A) innate
B) psychological
C) physical
D) biological

Question 8

You stayed up all night to study for a math exam. After the test, you returned to your dorm room and slept for seven hours. Your sleeping behavior was regulated by the body's tendency to maintain

A) self preservation.
B) self-determination.
C) homeostasis.
D) basic metabolic functions.

Question 9

Dr. Know-it-All hosts a TV talk show. One of his guests, Joe College, complains of his intense annoyance with people who talk on their cell phones while driving. Joe asks Dr. Know-it-All to explain why he reacts so strongly to this type of situation. Dr. Know-it-All immediately pronounces that Joe has an instinct for cell phone irritation. Is Dr. Know-it-All correct to assume that instinct is the cause of Joe's behavior?

A) yes - instinct is the basis for all behavior
B) yes - instinct is our primal reaction to all annoying behavior
C) no - instinct is only used to explain adaptive behaviors
D) no - most behavior is too complex to be explained on the basis of instinct

Question 10

If you have problems with homeostasis, which of the following is most likely to occur?

A) When the temperature rises, you begin sweating.
B) When it gets cold, you start to shiver.
C) When you exercise, your heart beats faster.
D) When you exercise, your breathing gets slower.

Question 11

Whenever Olivia sees a television commercial concerning food, she goes to the kitchen looking for something to eat. If you wanted to study Olivia's behavior, you would most likely conduct research in the area of

A) emotion.
B) motivation.
C) sensation.
D) perception.

Question 12

The need for salmon to return once a year to the stream where they hatched is best explained by which of the following concepts?

A) motivation
B) instinct
C) drive
D) desire

Question 13

You just ran a marathon in very hot weather and perspired heavily. According to drive reduction theory, your body will have a(n) ________ for water, which will produce a(n) ________ for water, which will lead to a ________ to get water.

A) instinct; need; drive
B) drive; instinct; motivation
C) motivation; drive; need
D) need; drive; motivation

Question 14

When you exercise, you begin breathing more rapidly to provide oxygen to your cells. This increase in breathing is an attempt to restore

A) drive.
B) homeostasis.
C) instinct.
D) actualization.

Question 15

Learning to perform a task so well that it becomes automatic is referred to as

A) self-actualization.
B) the primacy effect.
C) positive affect.
D) overlearning.

Question 16

A major criticism of the drive reduction theory is that

A) all behavior reduces drives.
B) people sometimes behave in ways that increase drives.
C) there are no behaviors that actually reduce drives.
D) the concept of drive has never been proven.

Question 17

The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)

A) stops the digestion of food.
B) signals hunger.
C) travels to the stomach to aid in digestion.
D) signals you to stop eating.

Question 18

When an infant obtains milk through the act of sucking, the infant satisfies a(an)

A) instinct.
B) drive.
C) need.
D) reflex.

Question 19

The act of going to the refrigerator because you are hungry best represents a(n)

A) instinct.
B) need.
C) drive.
D) reflex.

Question 20

You have not eaten for four days. When you finally have a candy bar, which of the following is most likely to occur? Your ________ will be reduced, but your ________ will not.

A) need; drive
B) drive; need
C) motivation; instinct
D) drive; instinct

Question 21

Which of the following is most closely related to blood sugar control?

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) insulin
D) fat cells

Question 22

Debbie is interested in working on projects that will help fight childhood obesity. She is offered a job in a laboratory where researchers are studying the effects of leptin on weight control. Should she take the job?

A) No; leptin is only relevant to animal weight control.
B) No; leptin has severe side effects and lacks FDA approval.
C) Yes; manufacturers have started producing leptin for human consumption.
D) Yes; leptin is a hormone that has been linked to human weight control issues.

Question 23

Edna loves McDonald's sweet tea. Whenever she sees the famous golden arches, she drives right in and orders a sweet tea. This best illustrates the effect of ________ on eating behavior.

A) learned associations
B) advertising
C) suggestion
D) mindlessness

Question 24

Fat is stored in ________ cells.

A) obese
B) adipose
C) insulin
D) CCK

Question 25

All of the following are associated with anorexia EXCEPT

A) loss of menstruation.
B) intense fear of gaining weight.
C) binging and purging.
D) distorted body image.

Question 26

Though her weight is normal, Ashley is terrified of becoming heavy. She knows she should stick to a healthy diet, but she often consumes huge servings of junk food-up to 5,000 calories in one sitting. Desperate to keep from gaining weight, she then uses laxatives and diuretics to purge the calories. Ashley is suffering from

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) obesity.
D) binge-eating disorder.

Question 27

After being in a car accident, Sally's ventromedial hypothalamus was severely damaged. She should expect that she will

A) lose weight rapidly.
B) lose weight gradually.
C) gain weight rapidly.
D) gain weight slowly.

Question 28

What happens when your blood sugar level gets too low?

A) You feel energized.
B) You feel hungry.
C) You feel warm.
D) You feel vitalized.

Question 29

A marathon runner would best be served by eating ________ prior to a race.

A) chocolate
B) lasagna
C) ice cream
D) broccoli

Question 30

________ antagonists have been used to treat obesity.

A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Norepinephrine

Question 31

A sprinter would best be served by eating ________ prior to a race.

A) chocolate
B) lasagna
C) steak
D) broccoli

Question 32

Gary wants to lose weight by reducing his caloric intake. He eats a candy bar for breakfast instead of a bowl of cereal because the candy bar has fewer calories. Is Gary doing the right thing?

A) Yes, the number of calories is the most important factor in losing weight.
B) Yes, the candy bar will keep Gary from getting hungry longer than if he had eaten the cereal.
C) Yes, the body needs high sugar intake at breakfast.
D) No, the candy bar will cause Gary to get hungry sooner than if he had eaten the cereal.

Question 33

Young women with very high standards but very low confidence are at risk for developing

A) bulimia.
B) obesity.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) anorexia.

Question 34

Which of the following individuals is most at risk for developing anorexia nervosa?

A) Daniel is 20 and works out at the gym.
B) Amelia is 40 and yo-yo diets.
C) Jill is 17 and lives in the suburbs.
D) Latoya is 25 and lives in a predominately lower-class neighborhood.

Question 35

Danielle is a normal weight female whereas Ron is an obese male. Whenever Danielle and Ron go out to dinner together, Ron always eats more food. Ron, a psychology major, correctly explains this difference in food intake by pointing out that

A) males release leptin more slowly than females.?
B) he has more fat cells than Danielle and he is not satiated until all his fat cells are full.
C) he is taller and leptin release is affected by height.
D) males have different levels of CCK than females.

Question 36

"I am so tired of dieting. It seems like it controls my life. I wonder what my real weight would be if I just ate only when I'm hungry." This dieter is curious about her

A) metabolic weight.
B) instinctive intake.
C) set point.
D) obesity level.

Question 37

Paris thinks her best friend, Nicole, may be suffering from an undiagnosed case of anorexia nervosa. She shares her concerns with Nicole, but Nicole insists that anorexia nervosa is "no big deal." What is the most serious consequence of anorexia nervosa?

A) It has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.
B) It can cause personality changes.
C) It can cause mood swings
D) It can impact logical thinking processes.

Question 38

Leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are similar in that they are both related to

A) feelings of satiety.
B) low blood sugar.
C) high insulin levels.
D) feelings of hunger.

Question 39

BED refers to a(n) ________ disorder.

A) sleep
B) eating
C) movement
D) digestive

Question 40

When Ginny's mother looks at her, she sees a bone thin person. When Ginny looks at herself in the mirror, she sees a person who could stand to lose a few more pounds. Ginny is most likely suffering from

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) schizophrenia.
C) delusions.
D) anorexia nervosa.

Question 41

Leiko is from Japan. Jill is from the United States. Affiliation, cooperation, and interdependence are more likely to be valued by

A) Leiko.
B) Jill.
C) both Leiko and Jill.
D) neither Leiko nor Jill.

Question 42

According to Maslow, Kenny probably has trouble committing to a relationship because

A) he does not feel safe.
B) he has not achieved self-actualization.
C) he likes to be alone.
D) his expectations are too high.

Question 43

Which country is least likely to promote autonomy?

A) United States
B) Canada
C) Germany
D) Japan

Question 44

According to Maslow, before you can feel safe, you need to

A) be satisfied physically.
B) find intimacy.
C) achieve self-actualization.
D) have high self-esteem.

Question 45

The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is

A) esteem.
B) self-actualization.
C) belongingness.
D) competence.

Question 46

The impact of extrinsic motivation depends on

A) the quality of the reward.
B) the availability of additional rewards.
C) the behavior being rewarded.
D) All of these.

Question 47

Cameron and her colleagues agree that extrinsic motivation

A) reduces intrinsic motivation.
B) enhances intrinsic motivation.
C) has mixed effects on intrinsic motivation.
D) has no overall effect on intrinsic motivation.

Question 48

From Maslow's perspective, motivation is primarily the result of

A) reinforced behaviors.
B) instinctive responses to environmental stimuli.
C) specific responses to ethological, innate drives.
D) satisfying basic needs before moving to higher needs.

Question 49

If you had to write a research paper on Maslow's hierarchy of motives, which of the following titles would you choose to capture the essence of Maslow's theory?

A) "Keep those reinforcements coming."
B) "The power of the unconscious."
C) "Easy come, easy go."
D) "Be all that you can be, from eating right to feeling content."

Question 50

According to Maslow, self-actualization is possible

A) at any time.
B) only after the needs of love and belongingness are fulfilled.
C) only after all other needs have been fulfilled.
D) when children are instructed on how to attain it.

Question 51

While free breakfast and lunches provided at school are an attempt to satisfy one of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, students may still fail to achieve unless they

A) reach self-actualization.
B) feel like they are leaders.
C) feel safe at school.
D) have advanced thinking abilities.

Question 52

At age thirty-three, Ricky is a top partner in a law firm. He lives alone because he cannot seem to maintain a relationship. He has a nice house with an elaborate security system and drives an expensive sports car. According to Maslow, why is he still miserable?

A) His biological needs are not being met.
B) His need to belong is not being met.
C) He has not reached self-actualization.
D) He does not feel safe at home.

Question 53

Which of the following definitions best describes the meaning of the term "autonomy"?

A) the sense that you can gain skills and overcome obstacles
B) being independent and self-reliant
C) the need to engage in warm relations with other people
D) the belief that you have the competence to accomplish a given goal or task

Question 54

Consider the following scenario from Maslow's perspective: William has volunteered to work in a war-torn country to try to improve the lives of the residents there. Assuming that the citizens have enough to eat and drink, what would they be in need of next?

A) safety
B) esteem
C) belongingness
D) companionship

Question 55

Ray played basketball all of his life because he loved the sport. He became so good that he was given the opportunity to play professionally and eventually he signed a very lucrative contract. After that contract ran out, the team offered him slightly more money, but he decided that it was not enough. Which of the following best explains Ray's behavior from a motivational perspective?

A) Ray was selfish.
B) The team did not show Ray the respect that he had earned.
C) The extrinsic motivation had replaced Ray's intrinsic motivation to play.
D) Ray lost all motivation to play.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a basic need identified as part of self-determination theory?

A) the need to eat
B) the need to feel competent
C) the need to be independent
D) the need to relate to another person

Question 57

Lidia graduated from college ten years ago and is considering a career change. She is eager to find a position that challenges her and allows her to grow as a person. To learn about potential career paths, she signs up for classes at the local community college. Lidia's desire to explore and grow as a person reflects

A) relatedness.
B) extrinsic motivation.
C) competence motivation.
D) homeostasis.

Question 58

Leiko is from Japan. Jill is from the United States. Cross-cultural evidence suggests that the needs emphasized by self-determination theory will be valued by

A) Leiko more so than Jill.
B) Jill more so than Leiko.
C) neither Leiko nor Jill.
D) both Leiko and Jill.

Question 59

According to self-determination theory, people are most fulfilled when they satisfy which of the following three fundamental needs?

A) competence, thirst, and sex
B) hunger, security, and love
C) competence, autonomy, and relatedness
D) hunger, esteem, and relatedness

Question 60

Charlie focuses all of his attention on money, prestige, and his physical appearance. Compared to Matthew who places more value on organismic needs, Charlie is likely to experience

A) lowered self-actualization.
B) more physical illness.
C) lowered well being.
D) All of these.

Question 61

Monica has had a very emotionally draining day, but she is not really sure what she is feeling. She takes a quiet moment to herself and starts to cry. After observing this bodily reaction, she decides that she must be sad. This example of emotional recognition is most consistent with the ________ theory of emotion.

A) drive-reduction
B) two-factor
C) James-Lange
D) Cannon-Bard

Question 62

What is the main problem with using polygraph results as an indication of whether or not a person is lying?

A) Different emotions can cause the same physiological changes.
B) Most people can camouflage their response patterns.
C) Examiners are usually biased against the person being tested.
D) The error rate of polygraphs is eighty percent.

Question 63

The most effective element of the polygraph test lies in the

A) recording of physiological responses.
B) ability to read minds.
C) belief it is accurate in detecting deception.
D) training of examiners.

Question 64

Polygraph examiners can

A) read your mind.
B) recognize deception with a very high rate of accuracy.
C) record physiological responses.
D) All of these.

Question 65

Research on temptation demonstrated that children could successfully resist the temptation to eat a cookie in an effort to obtain the delayed payoff of two cookies. These children focused on ________ thoughts.

A) hot
B) cool
C) warm
D) cold

Question 66

Goals that are short-term, specific, and challenging lead to

A) greater achievement.
B) better attribution.
C) increased internal attributions.
D) increased external attributions.

Question 67

Which of the following systems is responsible for calming the body?

A) immune
B) parasympathetic
C) respiratory
D) sympathetic

Question 68

"It seemed like the two cars crossed the finish line at exactly the same time," yelled the commentator. Which theory of emotion most closely resembles this outcome?

A) James-Lang
B) Cannon-Bard
C) two-factor
D) drive-reduction

Question 69

Which of the following are included in the definition of emotion?

A) feeling
B) thinking
C) behaving
D) All of these.

Question 70

Tim and Margaret are enjoying a picnic on the edge of a large forest. Suddenly, a huge black bear invades their space and heads for the picnic basket. According to the James Lange theory of emotions, the couple will

A) experience fear and then run as a result of feeling the emotion of fear.
B) run away and then experience the emotion of fear as a result of the physical changes in their bodies.
C) experience fear, run, and as a result experience more fear.
D) be frozen in fear until the bear begins to grab the basket.

Question 71

Our daily moods give us feedback on the effectiveness of our self-regulation. This means that

A) we will not always be happy with the feedback.
B) being unhappy will hinder us from pursuing our goals.
C) we will have to learn to modify our concept of happiness.
D) we should not focus on the negative feedback.

Question 72

Marsha does a good job because she knows her performance will result in a bonus if she meets her goals. Dianna does an adequate job but lacks motivation to perform in a timely manner. Georgia does a good job because she feels a sense of accomplishment when she meets her goals. All three women do the same kind of work. Who is likely to be the most competent?

A) Marsha
B) Dianna
C) Georgia
D) All three are probably equally competent.

Question 73

Many elementary teachers offer prizes for students who read the most books during the school year. The failure of many students to read over the summer may be due to a lack of

A) drive.
B) need.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) reading material.

Question 74

Tom is interested in working for an intelligence branch of the government. A polygraph test is part of the interview process. Though Tom intends to be honest, he is worried that the polygraph will say he is lying when he is not. Tom's friend Cameron assures Tom that polygraph tests are infallible. Is Cameron right?

A) Yes; polygraphs pick up certain physiological responses associated with lying, and there is no way to change or hide those responses.
B) Yes; many government agencies rely on polygraphs, and they would not do so if the tests were fallible.
C) No; anxiety may cause false positives and people can be coached to "beat" polygraphs.
D) No; polygraph machines are just props that allow the examiner to watch for cues that the subject is lying, and the examiner may make errors due to bias.

Question 75

According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, crying over spilled milk will result in

A) sorrow because you are crying.
B) sorrow because the milk has been spilled.
C) problem solving which will control the emotions.
D) several indiscriminant emotions.

Question 76

Setting goals, planning for the implementation of goals, and monitoring progress are all aspects of

A) self-determination theory.
B) self-regulation.
C) the broaden and build approach.
D) intrinsic motivation.

Question 77

Donnell realizes he is smiling when Lateisha walks in the room and decides he must have a crush on her. This reaction is best explained by the ________ theory.

A) James-Lang
B) Cannon-Bard
C) drive-reduction
D) two-factor

Question 78

Which of the following terms is NOT used when referring to the pursuit of goals?

A) personal projects
B) best possible selves
C) life outcomes
D) personal strivings

Question 79

Which of the following is most related to extrinsic motivation?

A) persistence
B) mastery
C) self-esteem
D) reward

Question 80

Research on delayed gratification indicates that the best way to resist temptation is to

A) focus on reasons why you should not do the forbidden activity.
B) focus on other activities rather than the forbidden activity.
C) cognitively compare the forbidden activity to similar ones.
D) cognitively contrast the forbidden activity to similar ones.