Deck 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Question 1

Follow up research from the John/Joan story suggested that ________ most strongly affects one's gender identity.

A) biology
B) environment
C) socialization
D) surgical intervention

Answer 1

biology

Question 2

Debbie is a warm nurturing individual who volunteers at the daycare located in her church. Debbie is best described as

A) instrumental.
B) expressive.
C) androgynous.
D) undifferentiated.

Answer 2

expressive.

Question 3

Although born with female sex organs and characteristics, Kristie has always felt uncomfortable being a girl. Her interests and activities have always been considered masculine, and she is happiest when engaging in masculine behavior. Kristie might be diagnosed with

A) gender confusion syndrome.
B) gender ambiguity disorder.
C) gender identity disorder.
D) reassignment conflict.

Answer 3

gender identity disorder.

Question 4

Gerald rates low on both scales of instrumentality and expressiveness. He is best described as

A) transgendered.
B) expressive.
C) androgynous.
D) undifferentiated.

Question 5

The term ________ refers to experiencing one's psychological gender as being different from one's physical sex.

A) androgyny
B) expressiveness
C) gender confusion
D) transgender

Question 6

________ refers to the properties of a person that determine his or her classification as male or female.

A) Sex
B) Gender
C) Sexual orientation
D) Identity

Question 7

If we refer to Martin as a male, we are referring to his

A) sex.
B) gender.
C) sexual orientation.
D) sexual preference.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary sex characteristic?

A) development of penis
B) facial hair
C) development of breasts
D) pubic hair

Question 9

Gina suffered damaged to her gonads. As a result, she may no longer produce

A) androgens.
B) ova.
C) chromosomes.
D) melatonin.

Question 10

While sex typically refers to differences in the biology of males and females, gender typically refers to differences attributed to

A) emotional development.
B) socialization.
C) puberty.
D) temperament.

Question 11

Although Dave was born with a penis, he has always "felt" like a female. Dave is considered to be a(n) ________ individual.

A) crossgender
B) transgender
C) androgynous
D) homosexual

Question 12

Pat is very assertive, nurturing, independent, and caring. Pat is best described as

A) instrumental.
B) expressive.
C) androgynous.
D) transgendered.

Question 13

The SRY gene causes one to become

A) male.
B) female.
C) undifferentiated.
D) androgynous.

Question 14

When Billy checks the "male" box on his application, he is referring to his

A) sex.
B) gender.
C) sexuality.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 15

________ refers to the social and psychological aspects of being male or female.

A) Sex
B) Gender
C) Sexuality
D) Sexual orientation

Question 16

________ are glands that produce sex hormones and generate ova in females and sperm in males.

A) Gametes
B) Chromosomes
C) Gonads
D) Genes

Question 17

According to the text, biological characteristics are referred to as one's

A) sex.
B) gender.
C) gender identity.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 18

How do female brains differ from male brains?

A) Female brains are larger.
B) Female brains have higher cortical volume.
C) Female brains have more white matter.
D) The female hippocampus is more reactive to stress.

Question 19

In females, the small sensory organ located where the labia meet is called the

A) g-spot.
B) mons pubis.
C) vaginal wall.
D) clitoris.

Question 20

Intersex conditions are now referred to as

A) hermaphroditism.
B) gender confusion.
C) disorders of sexual development.
D) transgender disorders.

Question 21

According to Darwin, sexual selection involves

A) gene quality and reproduction ability.
B) competition and choice.
C) desire and emotion.
D) compromise and availability.

Question 22

Dr. Watson is interested in the effects that higher than normal amounts of testosterone have on the gender of embryos. Dr. Watson favors the ________ approach.

A) biological
B) cognitive
C) evolutionary
D) social cognitive

Question 23

An expectation of how a woman or man should think, act, and feel is referred to as a

A) gender role.
B) sexual script.
C) gender theory.
D) sexual belief.

Question 24

Research on newborn and infant preferences in terms of gender-related items supports the ________ approach.

A) biological
B) socio-cultural
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Question 25

In terms of exploring the connection between sex and gender, the biological approach focuses on

A) societal expectations.
B) parenting style.
C) the environment.
D) genes.

Question 26

Professor MacArthur is lecturing on how gender stereotypes and culture affect differences in sexuality among men and women. The professor is a proponent of the ________ approach.

A) biological
B) evolutionary
C) social cognitive
D) social role

Question 27

Who is most likely to make fun of Little Johnny putting on his mother's apron and pretending to cook?

A) his father
B) his mother
C) his grandmother
D) his friend

Question 28

Those who adhere to the ________ perspective examine gender development by looking at how experience influences the formation of a person's sense of gender.

A) biological
B) social cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) social role

Question 29

According to evolutionary psychology, which of the following females would Victor be most likely to choose as a partner?

A) Kaleen who has a successful job
B) Miranda who has a nurturing personality
C) Rena who is very attractive
D) Janice who is studying to be a doctor

Question 30

________ occurs among members of the same sex as they vie for the opportunity to mate with members of the opposite sex.

A) Competition
B) Bonding
C) Compromise
D) Cohesiveness

Question 31

According to Darwin, ________ drives sexual selection.

A) attractiveness
B) personality
C) competition
D) environment

Question 32

The ________ theory best supports the statement: "A women should stay home and care for the children and a man should go to work to provide for them."

A) social cognitive
B) social role
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 33

Carolina tells her friends that she helps take care of her little brother because that is what girls are supposed to do. Carolina's statement describes her

A) sexual script.
B) gender role.
C) gender identity.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 34

Any man can be a great leader because men are strong, dominant, and rational. This statement reflects a gender

A) script.
B) stereotype.
C) orientation.
D) scheme.

Question 35

The only empirically evaluated treatment for someone diagnosed with gender identity disorder is

A) psychotherapy.
B) antidepressants.
C) sex reassignment surgery.
D) sexual orientation therapy.

Question 36

Having a father who is a nurse should have the greatest impact on Kevin's gender

A) script.
B) identity.
C) role.
D) schema.

Question 37

According to Darwin, Shelly is most likely to go out with Cole if he

A) is good looking.
B) can win his tennis match.
C) is nice.
D) is older than her.

Question 38

Little Jimmy is watching television with his parents. He notices that when a person on the television says a mean thing, his mother frowns and his father laughs. Which theory of gender development suggests that Little Jimmy might start teasing his baby sister?

A) biological
B) evolutionary
C) social cognitive
D) humanistic

Question 39

Four-month-old Carlos will probably stare the longest at a

A) doll.
B) book.
C) car.
D) circle.

Question 40

A mental framework for understanding what is considered appropriate behavior for males and females is called a gender

A) stereotype.
B) role.
C) schema.
D) theme.

Question 41

The ways in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings is referred to as our

A) sex.
B) gender.
C) sexuality.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 42

Men's attitudes toward premarital sex tend to be

A) conservative.
B) ambivalent.
C) permissive.
D) restrictive.

Question 43

Behaviors designed to harm another person physically or verbally are referred to as

A) aggressive.
B) non-conforming.
C) irrational.
D) stereotypical.

Question 44

A homosexual man who is watching two lesbian women engage in sexual activity is likely to

A) become aroused.
B) begin masturbating.
C) be disinterested.
D) be disgusted.

Question 45

The strongest differences between males and females are evident in the areas of

A) love and relationships.
B) intellect and creativity.
C) aggression and sexuality.
D) sexuality and intellect.

Question 46

Based on the research of Clark and Hatfield, what percentage of women would agree to go to bed with a total stranger?

A) 70 percent
B) 45 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 0 percent

Question 47

The evolutionary perspective predicts that, compared to men, women will be

A) more influenced by attractiveness when choosing a mate.
B) less particular when choosing a mate.
C) more ambiguous about choosing a mate.
D) more selective when choosing a mate.

Question 48

According to social cognitive theory, girls engage in relational aggression because they

A) experience fluctuating testosterone levels.
B) are competing for male attention.
C) are socialized that way.
D) try to adopt male behavior patterns.

Question 49

The difficulty that many divorced fathers experience when trying to gain custody of their children may be due to

A) sexual scripting.
B) relational aggression.
C) gender stereotyping.
D) non-conforming behavior.

Question 50

Melissa is attracted to members of the opposite sex. She is considered to be

A) heterosexual.
B) homosexual.
C) bisexual.
D) cross-gendered.

Question 51

Paul pushes Susie off the swing. Paul's behavior is best categorized as ________ aggression.

A) conduct
B) overt
C) relational
D) social

Question 52

An overly general belief about what women and men are like is known as a gender

A) script.
B) orientation.
C) theory.
D) stereotype.

Question 53

Dr. Hendricks believes that differences in sexuality are the result of hormonal differences between men and women. He favors the ________ approach.

A) biological
B) evolutionary
C) social cognitive
D) gender role

Question 54

Lonnie, who is fifteen, has a history of exhibiting aggressive behaviors and acts that violate the rights of others. He has been diagnosed with

A) long term aggression.
B) relational aggression syndrome.
C) conduct disorder.
D) overt aggression disorder.

Question 55

The research data on gender differences in general intellectual ability suggests that

A) males are superior to females.
B) females are superior to males.
C) there are no systematic differences between males and females.
D) more studies are required to explain the irregularities that are evident.

Question 56

Which of the following would best predict Barry's sexual orientation?

A) He likes to dress up in women's clothes.
B) He has lower than normal levels of testosterone.
C) He was raised by a single mother.
D) He is attracted to other men.

Question 57

The direction of one's erotic interests refers to a person's

A) sex.
B) gender.
C) sexuality.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 58

The research data on gender differences in intellectual abilities has revealed that

A) girls do poorly on most tasks that require mathematical computations.
B) girls have superior verbal abilities.
C) boys struggle on tasks requiring object manipulation.
D) boys and girls both struggle with visual spatial orientation.

Question 59

Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person is called ________ aggression.

A) conduct
B) overt
C) relational
D) social

Question 60

Marcy tells her best friend that Kelcie will kiss any boy that asks her to. Marcy is engaging in

A) misconduct behavior.
B) overt aggression.
C) stereotyping.
D) relational aggression.

Question 61

Research on the influence of genes on sexual behavior has revealed that genes

A) determine sexual behavior.
B) play a role in determining sexual behavior.
C) are as strong an influence as they are for other characteristics like intelligence.
D) impact psychological characteristics just as directly as they impact physical characteristics.

Question 62

Early data collected by Kinsey regarding sexual behavior indicated that ________ percent of married men had been unfaithful.

A) 75
B) 50
C) 16
D) 7

Question 63

Geami is attracted to both males and females. Her sexual orientation is best described as

A) heterosexual.
B) homosexual.
C) lesbian.
D) bisexual.

Question 64

Differences in hemispheric symmetry may be the result of

A) prenatal hormone exposure.
B) postnatal behavioral patterns.
C) hormonal changes during adolescence.
D) both A and B.

Question 65

The 2D:4D ratio refers to

A) brain size.
B) finger length.
C) testosterone levels.
D) hemispheric symmetry.

Question 66

A drawback of Kinsey's early research was

A) the fact that subjects admitted to lying about their sexual behavior.
B) the fact that men were more open than women about their sexual behavior.
C) the lack of representativeness of the sample.
D) All of these.

Question 67

Donna views herself as a bisexual. Over time, she is most likely to engage in

A) strictly homosexual behavior or strictly heterosexual behavior.
B) more heterosexual behavior than homosexual behavior.
C) more homosexual behavior than heterosexual behavior.
D) both homosexual and heterosexual behavior.

Question 68

In regards to parenting, the best predictor of good psychological adjustment in adolescence is having

A) heterosexual parents.
B) a single mom who does not work.
C) a close relationship with parents.
D) homosexual parents.

Question 69

The occurrence of homosexuality ranges from ________ percent of the population.

A) 1 to 5
B) 2 to 10
C) 5 to 12
D) 9 to 15

Question 70

Which is the correct definition of sexual behavior?

A) activities that are involved in reproduction
B) activities that lead to arousal and a sexual response
C) activities that are pleasurable to a specific individual
D) All of these.

Question 71

One challenge in researching sexual orientation is

A) creating appropriate hypotheses.
B) small sample size.
C) finding appropriate ways to analyze the data.
D) explaining significant differences.

Question 72

According to research, of the boys who engage in extreme gender-nonconforming activities approximately ________ percent end up being homosexual or bisexual later in life.

A) 75
B) 5
C) 50
D) 95

Question 73

Although homosexual couples tend to report higher levels of relationship satisfaction than heterosexual couples, they are more likely to

A) be unfaithful.
B) break up.
C) be abusive.
D) All of these.

Question 74

Which of the following researchers is considered to be the father of sexology?

A) Johnson
B) Michael
C) Kinsey
D) Masters

Question 75

Leslie has two mothers. We can expect that Leslie will

A) have psychological problems.
B) become a lesbian.
C) be relatively unaffected.
D) have an excessive number of boyfriends.

Question 76

In terms of conflict, gay and lesbian couples are likely to

A) argue more than heterosexual couples.
B) avoid it because they understand the pain associated with conflict.
C) manage it because of their positive attitudes.
D) model their heterosexual parents.

Question 77

Which of the following factors predicts sexual orientation?

A) same-sex experimentation in childhood
B) having gay parents
C) permissive parenting
D) None of these.

Question 78

Heterosexual women and gay men both have

A) thicker corpus callosa.
B) longer corpus callosa.
C) symmetry between the brain's two hemispheres.
D) a lack of symmetry between the brain's two hemispheres.

Question 79

Darlene is uncertain if the person who just approached her is a male or a female. The best indicator may be

A) the ratio of arm to torso length.
B) the length of his/her pointer and ring fingers.
C) whether or not he/she is wearing makeup.
D) the firmness of his/her grip.

Question 80

The vast majority of "tomboys" turn out to be

A) bisexual.
B) homosexual.
C) heterosexual.
D) cross-gendered.