Deck 15: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Of the following factors, ________ is related to the highest rates of mental disorders.

A) low income
B) ethnicity
C) birth order
D) gender

Answer 1

low income

Question 2

Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time so she seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by someone who adheres to the ________ model of psychological disorders.

A) medical
B) behavioral
C) sociocultural
D) cognitive

Answer 2

medical

Question 3

You happen to hear two psychologists discussing an individual. They refer to the DSM-IV-TR. The two psychologists are most likely having a discussion about

A) learning and memory.
B) abnormal behavior.
C) sensation and perception.
D) motivation and emotion.

Answer 3

abnormal behavior.

Question 4

Which axes on the DSM-IV focus on the actual classification of psychological disorders?

A) Axes II and III
B) Axes III, IV, and V
C) Axes I and II
D) Axes III and IV

Question 5

An implication of the medical model of psychological disorders is that

A) an individual's behavior is the cause of the abnormality.
B) psychotherapy is the preferred treatment option.
C) the individual should not be blamed for the disorder.
D) paraprofessionals should deliver the appropriate treatment.

Question 6

What is the name of the manual that psychologists use to classify mental disorders?

A) WAIS
B) NEO-R
C) DSM-IV-TR
D) APA

Question 7

According to the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders, abnormal behavior can be influenced by

A) genes.
B) childhood experiences.
C) gender.
D) All of these.

Question 8

A professional who believes in the ________ approach to psychological disorders is most likely to consider a person's ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder.

A) sociocultural
B) behavioral
C) evolutionary
D) cognitive

Question 9

Jasmine is an attractive, well-dressed female who appears normal to those individuals she works with. However, Jasmine may still be considered abnormal if

A) she is statistically deviant.
B) her behavior is maladaptive.
C) she suffers from personal distress.
D) All of these.

Question 10

Jason is very depressed. He has trouble going to work every day and often feels that life holds few rewards. Which aspect of abnormal behavior applies to Jason?

A) deviant
B) maladaptive
C) personally distressful
D) All of these.

Question 11

Which axis on the DSM-IV focuses on disruptions in various life domains?

A) Axes II
B) Axes III
C) Axes IV
D) Axes V

Question 12

Which if the following is NOT considered one of the criteria for defining abnormal behavior?

A) deviant behavior
B) maladaptive behavior
C) unique behavior
D) behavior that is personally distressful

Question 13

Which axis on the DSM-IV addresses the current level of functioning of the individual who has been diagnosed with a mental disorder?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) V

Question 14

If your roommate acts in a way that is unusual (i.e., deviant) and it interferes with her schoolwork (i.e., dysfunctional), what would you need to know before deciding whether the behavior is abnormal?

A) her attitudes about school
B) her current stressors
C) whether or not she finds the behavior distressing
D) nothing more - you have enough information to label her behavior as abnormal

Question 15

A classification system for psychological disorders allows clinicians to do all of the following except make predictions about

A) the prevalence of a disorder.
B) which individuals might be susceptible to a disorder.
C) how the disorder is likely to progress.
D) how other people might react to the diagnosis of a disorder.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT important to those who deal with psychological disorders using the psychological approach?

A) genetics
B) thoughts
C) emotions
D) experiences

Question 17

Martin refuses to leave his house because he believes that his body odor is toxic to those around him. Martin's behavior is an example of

A) statistical deviance.
B) personal distress.
C) a maladaptive behavior.
D) All of these.

Question 18

Which of the following disorders is associated with a particular culture?

A) depression
B) anorexia nervosa
C) dementia
D) intellectual disability

Question 19

Penny is a single mom who is constantly struggling to make ends meet. As a result, she is depressed a great deal of the time. Her depression most likely has a ________ basis.

A) biological
B) cognitive
C) socio-cultural
D) psychological

Question 20

Steve is a scuba diver who is concerned about sharks every time he is diving near a boat wreck. Steve is exhibiting

A) a social phobia.
B) a specific phobia.
C) a normal reaction.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 21

Anxiety disorders involve fears that are

A) uncontrollable.
B) disproportionate to the actual danger.
C) disruptive to ordinary life.
D) All of these.

Question 22

A deficiency in which neurotransmitter is linked to generalized anxiety disorder?

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) glutamate
D) GABA

Question 23

Maria is a social worker in an urban community mental health center. She has just seen a crisis client who expressed suicidal ideation. After doing a thorough assessment to determine that he needed inpatient care, she sent him to the hospital. Her client's depression would be coded as

A) Axis I.
B) Axis II.
C) Axis III.
D) Axis IV.

Question 24

Which neurotransmitters may play a role in panic disorders?

A) GABA and norepinephrine
B) dopamine and serotonin
C) dopamine and norepinephrine
D) serotonin and glutamate

Question 25

Rosita was just diagnosed with schizophrenia. This diagnosis came from which Axis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 26

Critics of the medical model of abnormal behavior argue that ADHD reflects

A) a social construct rather than a psychological disorder.
B) a psychological disorder that requires no treatment.
C) an example of racial profiling of African American children.
D) behavior that should be termed psychopathology.

Question 27

According to the DSM-IV, which of the following is an Axis II disorder?

A) dissociative disorder
B) sexual dysfunction
C) gender identity disorder
D) intellectual disability

Question 28

Mental retardation falls into what axis of disorders on the DSM-IV?

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV

Question 29

Carla is afraid to use any toilet other than the one in her home. She will go to any length to avoid using a public restroom or the washrooms at her friends' houses. Carla is most likely suffering from

A) phobic disorder.
B) panic disorder.
C) dysthymic disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 30

Brad seems to be in a continuous state of anxiety though he is unable to identify the source of his feelings. The most likely diagnosis for Brad is ________ disorder.

A) generalized anxiety
B) phobic
C) panic
D) dysthymic

Question 31

The main controversy surrounding the DSM-IV-TR is that it

A) places little emphasis on adaptive functioning.
B) ignores an individual's social relationships.
C) fails to use people-first language.
D) reflects the medical model.

Question 32

The etiology of social phobias includes a neural circuit that runs through all of the following except the

A) thalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) cerebellum.

Question 33

A fear becomes a phobia when a(n)

A) doctor diagnoses it as such.
B) individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear/phobia.
C) person can specifically identify what they are afraid of.
D) person realizes that their fear/phobia is irrational.

Question 34

Who wrote the book The Myth of Mental Illness?

A) Tom Cruise
B) Sigmund Freud
C)B.F. Skinner
D) Thomas Szsaz

Question 35

Evan decided to take an F in English class rather than have to get up in front of the class to make an oral presentation. Evan probably suffers from

A) dysthymic disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) a social phobia.

Question 36

Who is most likely to be diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

A) Latino female
B) Latino male
C) non-Latino white female
D) non-Latino white male

Question 37

John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which his heart races, he feels faint, and he has trouble catching his breath. During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die. From this description, it sounds like John has

A) a specific phobia.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) panic disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 38

Lola began having brief episodes of overwhelming anxiety about a year ago. She does not know what causes them, but she has had them in the grocery store, at busy restaurants, and once while driving. Her heart pounds, she has difficulty breathing, and sometimes she feels like her body no longer belongs to her. She is afraid she will go crazy or have a heart attack. Based on this information, Lola may have

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) somatoform disorder.
C) dissociative disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 39

Alex is almost always anxious at school, at home, and even when he is with his friends. Alex is most likely suffering from

A) a panic disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) social phobia.
D) routine anxiety.

Question 40

Robert's teacher has sent several notes home to his family during the past school year. Robert is inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive. Robert will most likely be diagnosed with

A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
B) conduct disorder.
C) impulse reactivity.
D) a learning disability.

Question 41

Jillian cannot bear to leave her home without washing the floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. She knows that her behavior is extreme but when she tries to go to work without doing all of these things, she is overcome with such overwhelming dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) a phobia.
D) panic disorder.

Question 42

Which disorder is associated with having too few serotonin and norepinephrine receptors?

A) ADHD
B) schizophrenia
C) chronic mania
D) major depressive disorder

Question 43

What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who do not have OCD, but may have some tendencies related to OCD?

A) the amount of distress caused by the thoughts
B) the presence of agoraphobia
C) past sexual abuse
D) the subject of their negative thoughts

Question 44

Mood disorders can include a disturbance in all of the following areas EXCEPT

A) cognition.
B) behavior.
C) somatic characteristics.
D) cultural identity.

Question 45

The tendency to ruminate on negative experiences is most closely associated with

A) depression.
B) borderline personality disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 46

Which of the following is the correct term for a fear of pain?

A) acrophobia
B) algophobia
C) aerophobia
D) arachnophobia

Question 47

In cases of OCD, ________ frequently accompany obsessions and appear to serve the function of reducing the anxiety created by such disturbing thoughts.

A) manias
B) hallucinations
C) compulsions
D) delusions

Question 48

What cognitive attribution style can serve as a protective factor against depression?

A) learned helplessness
B) internal attributions
C) optimism
D) All of these.

Question 49

Evette believes that she must touch the door knob seven times before she opens the door so that her mother will not become deathly ill. What is her compulsion?

A) the belief that her mother will get sick
B) touching the door knob
C) going through the door
D) opening the door

Question 50

An optimistic attribution style has been related to ________ levels of depression and ________ risk of suicide.

A) higher; increased
B) lower; increased
C) higher; decreased
D) lower; decreased

Question 51

Oscar feels that if he does not circle his car five times before he gets in it, he will have an accident. The feeling that he is going to have an accident represents a(n)

A) delusion.
B) compulsion.
C) hallucination.
D) obsession.

Question 52

Jerome was about to get into his car when he heard gun shots and saw his neighbor come stumbling out her front door with blood all over her. Since then Jerome has had a very difficult time concentrating at work, has been experiencing flashbacks, and has had several aggressive outbursts at home. Jerome may be suffering from

A) a social phobia.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) post-traumatic stress disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 53

When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident. Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward. Sandra is now very anxious when driving, will not drive near the site of the accident, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections. Sandra has symptoms suggestive of

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) a specific phobia.
C) post-traumatic stress disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 54

A possible behavioral explanation for depression focuses on

A) mixed reinforcement.
B) harsh punishers.
C) irrational beliefs.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 55

In movies that focus on war, soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, the soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness. These movie characters are most likely experiencing ________ disorder.

A) panic
B) post-traumatic stress
C) dysthymic
D) dissociative identity

Question 56

For a person to have experienced a major depressive episode, he/she must have had at least five of the nine symptoms for at least

A) one month.
B) two days.
C) two months.
D) two weeks.

Question 57

All of the following are common compulsions EXCEPT

A) checking.
B) cleansing.
C) counting.
D) repeating phrases.

Question 58

The ________ may be smaller in individuals with OCD than in those who do not have the disorder.

A) thalamus
B) hippocampus
C) reticular formation
D) amygdala

Question 59

A fear of strangers is referred to as

A) mysophobia.
B) agoraphobia.
C) xenophobia.
D) melissophobia.

Question 60

Riley routinely blows every little setback out of proportion. For example, when she forgot to turn in her algebra homework she was convinced that she would fail the class. Riley is at risk for developing

A) depression.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) social phobia.

Question 61

Last week your roommate Delia would not get out of bed. However, this morning she rushes into your room and hands you a three hundred page paper that she said she started writing yesterday afternoon. Delia may be suffering from

A) major depressive disorder.
B) dysthymic disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 62

Who is LEAST likely to complete the act of killing themselves?

A) Alice whose grandmother committed suicide
B) Althea who has a boyfriend but is always depressed
C) Alberta who feels no one in the world would care if she lived or died
D) Alma who has extremely low levels of serotonin in her system

Question 63

Alcohol abuse is a major risk factor for attempted suicide in

A) Latinos.
B) non-Latino White males.
C) African American males.
D) American Indian/ Alaska Natives.

Question 64

Postmortem analyses of the brains of those who have committed suicide tend to show low levels of

A) dopamine.
B) norepinephrine.
C) acetycholine.
D) serotonin.

Question 65

The prevalence of major depressive disorder among adolescents ranges from ________ percent.

A) 10 to 20
B) 40 to 60
C) 4.5 to 7.5
D) 1.5 to 2.5

Question 66

Which psychological approach would attribute a person's depression to escalating negative and self-defeating thoughts?

A) behavioral
B) biological
C) sociocultural
D) cognitive

Question 67

Eeyore, the despondent and downcast donkey in A.A. Milne's "Winnie the Pooh", is chronically morose but not so sad that he cannot function. For example, when Pooh says, "Good morning, Eeyore," Eeyore gloomily replies, "Good morning, Pooh Bear, if it is a good morning, which I doubt." Eeyore may have ________ disorder.

A) dysthymic
B) a conversion
C) bipolar
D) an antisocial personality

Question 68

Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She has cleaned and re-cleaned her closets several times. She has invested in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited in the previous semester. The DSM-IV diagnosis would most likely be

A) bipolar disorder.
B) depression.
C) ADHD.
D) mania.

Question 69

Dora has been up for two straight days remodeling her bathroom. She has not eaten or taken a break and is still full of energy. Dora may be exhibiting a

A) form of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) manic episode.
C) schizophrenic delusion.
D) dysthymic episode.

Question 70

Mrs. Johnson recently returned home after being gone for nearly five months. She has no memory associated with those five months. She most likely experienced a(n)

A) manic episode.
B) depressive attack.
C) dissociative fugue.
D) episode of schizophrenia.

Question 71

Joshua has received low grades in math throughout his school years. In the lower grades, he would study hard, but the results were always the same. Eventually, he stopped trying to do better in math because nothing seemed to work. Joshua has developed

A) learned helplessness.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 72

Biological support for the notion that dissociative disorders are related to problems in pulling together emotional memories is found in the

A) higher volume of activity in the amygdala and hippocampus.
B) increased release of the neurotransmitter glutamate.
C) lower volume of activity in the cerebral cortex.
D) decrease in receptors for serotonin.

Question 73

Chronic problems of poverty, hopelessness, and alcoholism are consistent with the finding that ________ have the highest suicide rate of all demographic groups in the United States.

A) Native Americans
B) divorced women
C) Latinos
D) African Americans

Question 74

A person experiencing a manic episode may

A) sleep very little.
B) be impulsive.
C) feel euphoric.
D) All of these.

Question 75

The difference between dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue is the

A) loss of memory.
B) loss of identity.
C) cause of the disorders.
D) tendency to run away.

Question 76

What statement best describes the relationship between dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue?

A) There is no relationship between the two.
B) The two always happen together.
C) Dissociative amnesia is required in order to have a dissociative fugue.
D) Dissociative fugue is required in order to have dissociative amnesia.

Question 77

Amy often offends other people because she does not seem to be able to read their emotions accurately. She shows little or no emotions herself, and maintains an immobile facial expression when interacting with other people. She does not plan or engage in goal-directed behaviors and jumps from one low-paying job to another. Her family thinks she is lazy. Amy is most likely

A) suffering from schizophrenia.
B) suffering from multiple personalities.
C) severely depressed.
D) on drugs.

Question 78

As reflected by the content of suicide notes, what statement best reflects the difference between those who attempt suicide and those who complete suicide?

A) Those who are most depressed complete suicide.
B) Those who feel a sense of belonging are less likely to complete suicide.
C) Those who talk about career accomplishments are less likely to complete suicide.
D) Those who talk about their pets are less likely to complete suicide.

Question 79

One possible reason for the increase in the number of reported cases of dissociative identity disorder is

A) groupthink.
B) social construction.
C) social contagion.
D) group polarization.

Question 80

It has been over two years since the death of her husband, and although Jenelle tries to go out with her friends for dinners and sometimes a concert, she still cannot seem to find much pleasure in life. Jenelle is most likely suffering from

A) a major depressive disorder.
B) dysthymic disorder.
C) a social phobia.
D) involuntary grief reaction.