Deck 16: Therapies

Question 1

From Freud's psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems?

A) reinforce the client for ignoring neurotic thoughts
B) bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
C) have the client transfer fears and anxieties to the therapist
D) help the client to repress unpleasant memories more effectively

Answer 1

bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness

Question 2

Lithium is to ________ as clozapine is to ________.

A) alcoholism; Alzheimer's disease
B) anxiety disorder; mania
C) mood swings; sexual dysfunction
D) bipolar disorder; schizophrenia

Answer 2

bipolar disorder; schizophrenia

Question 3

Lithium is considered an effective ________ drug.

A) antipsychotic
B) antianxiety
C) antidepressant
D) mood-stabilizing

Answer 3

mood-stabilizing

Question 4

Mike takes lithium to regulate his mood. This drug is used to treat

A) panic attack disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) major depression.

Question 5

Psychotherapeutic drugs are primarily used to treat

A) anxiety disorders.
B) mood disorders.
C) schizophrenia.
D) All of these.

Question 6

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to

A) persuade clients to abandon their irrational, anxiety-inducing beliefs.
B) provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts.
C) train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior.
D) demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client.

Question 7

"Abnormal behavior is the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts." This statement would likely be made by a psychologist who practices ________ therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) social learning
D) biological

Question 8

Psychodynamic therapies stress all of the following EXCEPT

A) the unconscious mind.
B) rational-emotive behavior.
C) early childhood experiences.
D) interpretation by a therapist.

Question 9

Bonnie was just diagnosed with depression. Her doctor prescribes the drug ________ which is the most effective drug on the market today.

A) Prozac
B) Flavil
C) Remeron
D) Paxil

Question 10

Sharon is seeing a new doctor after many different medications have failed to help with her condition. This doctor tells her that many well-designed studies suggest that electroconvulsive therapy is effective in the treatment of

A) epilepsy.
B) panic attack disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) depression.

Question 11

Which of the following is a mental health professional?

A) social worker
B) school psychologist
C) occupational therapist
D) All of these.

Question 12

The widespread increase in the number of individuals taking SSRIs to combat their depression is primarily due to the

A) reduction in side effects as compared to other antidepressants.
B) lack of withdrawal symptoms when coming off these drugs.
C) over diagnosis of depression among young people.
D) reduced costs of these drugs.

Question 13

"My client must confront the conflicts which are left over from childhood and gain release from this burdening anxiety." This statement would likely be made by a psychologist who practices ________ therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

Question 14

The group of drugs known as SSRIs work primarily by interfering with the reabsorption of ________ in the brain.

A) monoamine
B) dopamine
C) norepinephrine
D) serotonin

Question 15

Which of the following is the LEAST used biomedical intervention?

A) transcranial magnetic stimulation
B) deep brain stimulation
C) psychosurgery
D) drug therapy

Question 16

Which of the following is the BEST example of psychotherapy?

A) You are given a prescription of Prozac to address your depression.
B) You receive electroconvulsive therapy to lift your depression.
C) You share all your concerns and worries with a trusted friend.
D) You say aloud to a therapist everything that comes to mind.

Question 17

Ivan is very depressed and the danger of suicide is imminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in rapidly reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior?

A) psychoanalysis
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy
D) rational-emotive therapy

Question 18

Who may benefit the most from electroconvulsive therapy?

A) Alan who has OCD
B) Frederic who has generalized anxiety disorder
C) Brad who is contemplating suicide
D) Byron who suffers from panic attacks

Question 19

Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who, after interviewing her, recommended either Paxil or Prozac. These are generally used to treat

A) anxiety.
B) depression.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) psychosis.

Question 20

Chaz has been on antipsychotic medication for several weeks now. When he returns home, he will likely have difficulty

A) coping with the demands of society.
B) dealing with side effects from the medication.
C) staying on his medication.
D) All of these.

Question 21

When resistance occurs in therapy, what event is taking place?

A) The client refuses to acknowledge therapeutic progress.
B) The therapist is actively resisting the client's need to control the direction of the therapy.
C) The client is using unconscious defense strategies that prevent progress.
D) The client refuses to end therapy even though his or her problems have been resolved.

Question 22

Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. She focuses on

A) prescribing medication that will reduce clients' anxiety.
B) teaching clients to replace their fears systematically with more relaxed responses.
C) giving the client the opportunity to experience emotions to their fullest in the "here and now".
D) using free association and dream interpretation.

Question 23

Transference is useful in the therapeutic situation because it

A) provides an opportunity to re-create difficult relationships.
B) redirects anxiety.
C) stimulates the release of powerful emotion.
D) stimulates resistance.

Question 24

Dr. Judd is a psychodynamic therapist who is working with Tyler. Tyler suffers from extreme mood instability and anxiety. When asked to talk about his problems, Tyler refuses and quickly changes the subject. Dr. Judd would probably say that Tyler's behavior is an example of

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) blocked associations.
D) catharsis.

Question 25

The therapist is constantly looking for the hidden meanings behind Holly's statements. In terms of psychoanalysis, what is the therapist trying to do?

A) use free association
B) provide transference
C) provide an interpretation
D) reduce Holly's resistance

Question 26

Psychoanalysts attempt to eliminate self-defeating behaviors by

A) convincing the client of the inappropriateness of the behaviors.
B) paraphrasing the client's statements and asking for clarification.
C) training the client in social skills.
D) bringing unconscious material to consciousness.

Question 27

According to the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy, which of the following is an essential part of the job of a psychotherapist?

A) point out inconsistencies in the client's thoughts and behaviors
B) encourage the client to transfer negative feelings to the therapist
C) free the client from conscious influences
D) interpret the disguised revelations of the unconscious mind

Question 28

Your psychotherapist asks you to use free association. You are being asked to

A) concentrate on relaxing as your therapist presents you with anxiety-provoking stimuli.
B) completely empty your mind of all thoughts.
C) just talk in an undirected manner without reflecting on what you are about to say.
D) recall everything you can about traumatic childhood events.

Question 29

James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich. His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to go to bed with his neighbor's wife. Making the sandwich was the ________ content of the dream.

A) symbolic
B) manifest
C) latent
D) explicit

Question 30

Freud argued that the true meaning of dream symbols was

A) sexual in nature.
B) culturally dependant.
C) universal.
D) dependent on the individual dreamer.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods used in traditional psychoanalysis?

A) analysis of transference
B) free association
C) dream analysis
D) reflective listening

Question 32

In psychoanalytic theory, transference is used to describe

A) the gradual shifting of erogenous desires from the mouth to the genitals.
B) how the client comes to relate to the therapist in ways that resemble his or her other relationships.
C) efforts to redirect anxiety-provoking desires into socially acceptable actions.
D) the cathartic release of painful memories from unconscious awareness.

Question 33

Sherice started seeing a psychotherapist because of marital problems. She is unhappy because she feels her husband does not give her enough attention. After several sessions, she is quite taken with her male therapist because he gives her undivided attention. This growing affection for her therapist is called

A) resistance.
B) latency.
C) reflection.
D) transference.

Question 34

According to Freud, getting people to talk freely

A) exhausts them.
B) causes them to lose focus.
C) allows their deepest thoughts to emerge.
D) masks their unconscious conflicts.

Question 35

According to Freudian dream interpretation, the obvious content of a person's dream hides the ________ content.

A) hidden
B) subliminal
C) latent
D) manifest

Question 36

After several months in psychoanalysis, Ryan had an emotional outburst during which he cried and sobbed as he talked about a childhood experience. Freud termed this emotional release

A) transference.
B) catharsis.
C) regression.
D) reflection.

Question 37

Catharsis is a term used to describe

A) a client's resistance to the therapist's suggestions.
B) a client's transfer of parental conflicts onto the therapist.
C) a release of emotional tension.
D) the process of redirecting unacceptable motives into a socially acceptable form.

Question 38

Which of the following BEST describes the psychoanalytic notion of resistance?

A) avoidance
B) catharsis
C) lack of motivation
D) emotional strength

Question 39

Since his father left, Joel has been treating his older brother more like a father. In terms of psychoanalysis, what may be occurring?

A) free association
B) transference
C) resistance
D) interpretation

Question 40

During her last session with her psychoanalyst, Fran was asked about an uncle who visited one summer. Subsequently, Fran has missed her last two sessions. Fran is exhibiting

A) free association.
B) interpretation.
C) transference.
D) resistance.

Question 41

Which of the following questions is a behavioral therapist more likely to ask than a psychoanalyst?

A) How is your relationship with your mother?
B) Why won't you talk about your father?
C) What did you dream about last night?
D) How much did your anxiety subside after you washed your hands?

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT an element recognized by Rogers as one that is essential for human growth?

A) unconditional positive regard
B) intelligence
C) empathy
D) genuineness

Question 43

Josie went to a psychoanalyst but found his style too cold and uninvolved. She wanted a therapist with whom she could have more of a relationship. She switched to a Rogerian therapist. The therapeutic setting is now one of

A) arousal and challenge.
B) structure and desensitization.
C) warmth and acceptance.
D) analysis and interpretation.

Question 44

Jan is afraid of crowds. If her therapist uses the flooding technique, which of the following will Jan most likely be asked to do?

A) imagine being in a crowded elevator
B) expose her fear during group therapy
C) attend a sold-out rock concert with no way home until after the concert
D) learn how to relax

Question 45

"First, I would like you to get in a comfortable position and begin the breathing techniques which we have been practicing. When you sense that you have arrived at complete relaxation, we will proceed." This therapist is initiating

A) operant conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) aversion therapy.
D) contingency training.

Question 46

Dr. Patterson engages in reflective listening with her depressed client. She waits for him to express his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems. Dr. Patterson is practicing ________ psychotherapy.

A) client-centered
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) interpersonal
D) gestalt

Question 47

Ann has a spider phobia. During her first therapy session, her therapist plans to expose Ann to live spiders for the whole 50-minute session. Her therapist is going to use the technique called

A) extinction.
B) transference.
C) flooding.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 48

When compared to psychoanalysts from the past, contemporary psychoanalysts place less emphasis on

A) conscious thoughts.
B) current relationships.
C) sex.
D) early childhood experiences.

Question 49

Frank has been seeing a therapist about his spider phobia. The therapist first asked Frank to describe what it is about spiders that frightens him and these fears were then put in order from least to most frightening. The therapist then taught Frank muscle relaxation, and finally Frank was exposed to a series of increasingly fearful stimuli. Frank has been seeing a therapist who uses

A) exposure therapy.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) aversion therapy.
D) social skills training.

Question 50

Which of the following is considered an insight therapy?

A) classical conditioning
B) client-centered approach
C) applied behavioral analysis
D) Both B and C.

Question 51

Which of the following is part of the process of systematic desensitization?

A) hypnosis
B) rational arguing
C) relaxation exercises
D) flooding

Question 52

The first step in systematic desensitization is

A) presenting the CS.
B) finding the right dosage of medication.
C) the analysis of behavior.
D) discussing aspects of the feared situation that are most frightening.

Question 53

Alice is trying to decide on a type of therapy. Her counselor recommends that she choose between Kohut's contemporary psychodynamic therapy and humanistic psychotherapy. Which of the following statements best describes how these two types of therapies are most similar?

A) A healthy relationship with the therapist replaces the patient's unhealthy childhood relationships.
B) Therapeutic sessions focus on the past rather than the present.
C) Empathy and understanding play a key role in therapeutic interactions.
D) Repressed sexual motives are uncovered in order to determine the extent of emotional disturbance.

Question 54

Which of the following persons is engaging in reflective speech?

A) Mary - after listening to Joel describe his anxiety, she tells him not to worry
B) Tabitha - after listening to Gus talk about his frustration with his boss, she tells him that it sounds like he is facing obstacles at work.
C) Horace - after listening to his mother complain about a rude customer at work, he tells her to quit her job.
D) All of these.

Question 55

Two key assumptions of the ________ approach to therapy are that psychological disorders are learned in exactly the same way as normal behaviors are and that they can be treated by applying the basic principles of learning.

A) biological
B) interpersonal
C) humanistic
D) behavioral

Question 56

Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very non-directive and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings. Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the ________ perspective of psychotherapy.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic

Question 57

The second step in systematic desensitization is

A) putting the list of fears in order of severity.
B) hypnosis.
C) extinction.
D) muscle relaxation.

Question 58

"I have never been a good problem solver. I am not direct enough to be successful," the client complains. "You do not see yourself as a direct problem solver?" responds the therapist. This conversation is typical of ________ therapy.

A) dialectical
B) rational-emotive
C) biological
D) client-centered

Question 59

You are a humanistic therapist. A potential client is unfamiliar with your school of therapy and asks you to sum it up for him. You tell him the primary tenet of humanistic therapy is that

A) individuals possess self-healing capacities.
B) irrational thought results in negative consequences.
C) the unconscious mind can affect conscious behavior.
D) individuals can unlearn abnormal behavior in the course of therapy.

Question 60

If you wanted to mimic the humanistic approach to therapy, you would talk to

A) a parent.
B) a friend.
C) a sibling.
D) yourself.

Question 61

Which of the following is a cognitive therapy technique where the client rates her emotions in order to help gain perspective of her situation?

A) thought stopping
B) questioning the evidence
C) labeling of distortions
D) scaling

Question 62

If a therapist gives Henry, who is suffering from alcoholism, a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that he will become ill after drinking the alcohol, the therapist is using

A) systematic desensitization.
B) aversive conditioning.
C) flooding.
D) implosion therapy.

Question 63

A therapist challenges her client during a therapy session by saying, "So what if your fiancée left you and married your roommate instead? Why does that mean that you are not a good person?" The therapist is working from which perspective?

A) behavioral
B) psychodynamic
C) rational-emotive
D) biological

Question 64

One difference between the therapeutic approaches of Ellis and Beck is

A) how they view self-defeating beliefs.
B) how they communicate with the client.
C) the extent to which they strive to change the client's cognitions.
D) the extent to which they emphasize overt symptoms.

Question 65

Judy thinks she is depressed because of her teacher's criticism of her term paper. Judy's therapist explains to her that Judy's own irrational belief--that the criticism means she is stupid--is really why she is depressed. Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing ________ therapy.

A) behavioral
B) rational-emotive
C) client-centered
D) psychoanalytic

Question 66

Kendall's therapist has asked her to imagine a large "X" when she begins to think about things that make her anxious. This is an example of the ________ technique.

A) scaling
B) decatastrophizing
C) thought stopping
D) questioning the evidence

Question 67

Dr. Tetris is a rational-emotive therapist speaking to a group of introductory psychology students. Which of the following would likely be his summary statement?

A) "Children must be reared with appropriate high quality role models."
B) "Behavior that is normal in one society may be deviant in others."
C) "You must get in touch with your own feelings!"
D) "Our unrealistic beliefs cause many emotional problems."

Question 68

Pete's therapist says, "Don't say you will never fall in love again, say it will be difficult to learn to trust someone again." The therapist is utilizing ________ in his efforts to help Pete.

A) flooding
B) cognitive restructuring
C) systematic desensitization
D) introspection

Question 69

Which of these individuals would be a candidate for cognitive restructuring?

A) Abby says she cannot participate in cheerleading unless she gets her grades up.
B) Nelson says he will never fall in love again after his girlfriend broke up with him.
C) Cliff says if he fails one more test in Algebra he will fail the class.
D) Jennifer says she is not going to eat fast food anymore after getting food poisoning.

Question 70

As part of a smoking cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in

A) aversion therapy.
B) behavior modification.
C) exposure therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 71

Luanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend. Her therapist points out that her thoughts, and not the situation itself, is causing her to be depressed. This information suggests that Luanne's therapist practices ________ therapy.

A) Freud's psychodynamic
B) Skinner's behavioral
C) Rogers' client-centered
D) Beck's cognitive

Question 72

Someone who uses cognitive restructuring believes that ________ are the causes of abnormal behavior.

A) unpleasant events
B) irrational beliefs
C) chemical imbalances
D) childhood experiences

Question 73

________ is an example of a cognitive therapy.

A) Client-centered therapy
B) Flooding
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Rational-emotive therapy

Question 74

Brian's therapist has asked him to count backwards from 100 when he starts to feel anxious. This is an example of the ________ technique.

A) reattribution
B) distraction
C) guided association
D) decatastrophizing

Question 75

The therapy that is based on the assumption that abnormal behavior is due to self-defeating and irrational beliefs is

A) humanistic psychotherapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) operant conditioning.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 76

A cognitive therapist helps a client who suffers from a major depressive disorder by

A) using systematic desensitization to replace the depression with relaxation.
B) getting the client to recognize and identify irrational and self-defeating beliefs.
C) analyzing unconscious conflicts from the client's past.
D) engaging the client in a dialogue about negative childhood experiences.

Question 77

All of the following are examples of therapy procedures derived directly from the principles of classical conditioning EXCEPT

A) exposure therapies.
B) token economies.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) aversion therapy.

Question 78

Who is being treated with the flooding technique?

A) Barbara is being asked about her past.
B) Chris is being shown increasingly scary pictures of sharks.
C) Dan is being forced to touch a live snake.
D) Sam is being asked if spiders are scary.

Question 79

Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on

A) eliminating illogical and self-defeating thoughts.
B) transference and resistance.
C) positive and negative reinforcement.
D) the relationship between therapist and client.

Question 80

According to Ellis, which of the following is NOT an element of "musterbating"?

A) must perform well to win the approval of others
B) must earn enough money to feel self-sufficient
C) other people must treat one fairly and kindly
D) life must not be frustrating