Deck 4: Blacksafrican Americans

Question 1

Glass walls are

A) vertical barriers that prevent people from progressing beyond a certain level in an organization.
B) real barriers that prevent women and minorities people from entering staff instead of line positions.
C) barriers that prevent Whites and men from entering line instead of staff positions.
D) horizontal barriers that confine minorities and women to certain positions within organizations.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In a study of car pricing, researchers found

A) race and sex were related to initial offer prices and to the final prices offered testers.
B) White men's initial offers were higher but final prices were lower than other testers.
C) White women were offered lower prices than all other groups.
D) strong consumer advocacy has reduced bias in car pricing.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Regarding involuntary servitude in the United States:

A) Africans were first sold in the United States around the time Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering America (1492).
B) During the same time that Africans were first sold in the U.S., Whites were also held as indentured servants.
C) Involuntary servitude of Africans and Whites continued at the same rates through 1865.
D) Involuntary servitude of all types has been confined to only certain southern states and not the north.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Regarding employment of Black women,

A) because of their "double-minority" status, Black women are preferred by employers when compared with White women and Black men.
B) Black women in the U.S. are less likely to work outside the home than women of any other racial or ethnic group.
C) Black women who work for unionized firms earn more than Black women who work for non-unionized firms.
D) Black women earn more than Black men.

Question 5

"New racism"

A) describes beliefs that racism is a thing of the present and future regardless of what is done.
B) occurs when those who demonstrate overt racism use excuses to discriminate.
C) was refuted in research studies when unqualified Blacks were chosen over qualified Whites.
D) The belief that Blacks have attained excessive, unfair gains through programs such as affirmative action.

Question 6

Black women are less likely to be participating in the workforce than White women are.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the education and earnings of Blacks/African Americans is true?

A) Different educational levels between Blacks and Whites do not completely explain the Black/White earnings gap.
B) Earnings and employment differences between Blacks and Whites are due to the lower educational attainment of Blacks.
C) Returns to investments in education are similar across racial and ethnic groups and for women and men.
D) Black women have higher educational levels and earnings than Black men.

Question 8

The Black population is about

A) 30% of the U.S. population
B) 25% of the U.S. population
C) 20.5% of the U.S. population
D) 13.5% of the U.S. population

Question 9

Glass ceilings and glass walls are likely to be strengthened by all of the practices below except:

A) Assigning less challenging work to minorities.
B) Minimizing constructive feedback to women and minorities to avoid being seen as racist.
C) Providing mentoring opportunities for women and minorities to take on positions involved with finance.
D) Assigning minorities to minority neighborhoods and clients so they can establish better connections.

Question 10

Differences in Black/White accumulation of wealth are not influenced by

A) differences in inheritance.
B) effects of discrimination which limits the ability of Blacks to acquire and thus pass on wealth.
C) compulsory mortgage loan approvals credit-worthy Blacks.
D) racial segregation of neighborhoods.

Question 11

In research involving matched pairs of Black and White applicant testers to investigate the effects of having a criminal record on job search outcomes,

A) the negative effect of having a criminal record on employment opportunities was 40% larger for Blacks than for Whites.
B) Blacks with a criminal record received no callbacks.
C) more than half of Whites with a criminal record were called back for interviews.
D) neither Black nor White applicants with criminal records were called back for interviews.

Question 12

Harry Holzer's research investigating the relationships between firm size and employment hiring practices indicates that:

A) large companies hire much smaller percentages of Black employees than small companies.
B) small companies hire much smaller percentages of Black employees than larger companies do.
C) small and large companies employ about the same percentages of Black employees.
D) larger firms are less likely to have formal hiring practices than smaller firms.

Question 13

Blacks who are high school graduates are about twice as likely to be unemployed as White high school graduates.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the education, employment, and/or earnings of Blacks/African Americans is true?

A) The participation rate of Black women is projected to increase by 2018.
B) Blacks with college degrees have similar employment levels and earnings as Whites with college degrees.
C) Because of affirmative action, Blacks with college degrees are more likely to be employed and have higher earnings than Whites with college degrees.
D) Black unemployment is higher than the unemployment of every other racial/ethnic group at the same educational level.

Question 15

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s

A) was less successful than the movement of the 1930s and 1940s.
B) primarily occurred in the North.
C) had no assistance from Jewish allies.
D) included lunch counter sit-ins that college students organized.

Question 16

Discrimination against customers

A) is a thing of the past; organizations no longer practice this costly behavior.
B) can be avoided by profiling only "typical" shoplifters.
C) has negative effects on organizations' ability to market to diverse customer groups.
D) ironically can result in patronization from more desirable customers.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of the Black population?

A) Blacks have a slightly lower birthrate than Whites.
B) A younger population means a lower proportion of Blacks will enter the workforce in the future.
C) Underutilization of Blacks' skills at work contributes to their illness and early death.
D) Both Black birthrate and Black proportion for the workforce is expected to remain unchanged far into the future.

Question 18

In empirical research on access to employment, researchers found that

A) applicants with "Black-sounding" names were three times less likely to be called for interviews than applicants with "Hispanic-sounding" names.
B) applicants with "White-sounding" names were two times more likely to be called for interviews than applicants with "Hispanic-sounding" names.
C) having higher quality resumes did not increase the number of callbacks for Black applicants.
D) having a "White-sounding" name was equivalent to adding a college degree and an MBA to a person's qualifications.

Question 19

In a study on employment and earnings of native and immigrant Blacks and Whites,

A) native and immigrant Blacks had different earnings.
B) African-born Blacks had higher educational levels than native-born Blacks.
C) immigrants with less education had lower employment rates than native-born Blacks.
D) immigrants had higher earnings than native-born workers.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is not true about sexual harassment of Black women?

A) Early on Black women were likely to be overrepresented in cases of sexual harassment brought against organizations, but are not currently overrepresented.
B) Companies have tolerated sexual harassment in some of these cases.
C) Black (and other minority) women are especially likely to be subjected to racialized sexual harassment.
D) Racialized harassment of Black women is likely rooted in the sexual abuse and powerlessness Black women endured as slaves.

Question 21

About 8% of the foreign-born population in the U.S. is Black and these immigrants Blacks are often perceived to be native born.

Question 22

Legally sanctioned (or mandated) discrimination and segregation persisted for decades after the end of slavery.

Question 23

The first U.S. Federal law regarding the citizenship of immigrants allowed only White men to become citizens.

Question 24

As Whites are more likely to be managers than Blacks, the similarity effect tends to advantage White employees.

Question 25

Removing name and sex-identifying information from resumes may be helpful in reducing discrimination.

Question 26

Access discrimination occurs when people are employed, but treated differently after employment.

Question 27

Researchers estimate that about 35% of business establishments have no minority workers.

Question 28

When access discrimination occurs, its targets are likely to be aware that it has occurred.

Question 29

Underemployment can affect the quality of a person's future employment.

Question 30

On some military bases in the South, Black soldiers had to drink from separate water fountains for "colored" people while White soldiers and German prisoners of war drank from the fountains for Whites.

Question 31

Aversive racism continues to affect Black applicants and employees but not customers.

Question 32

When Black parents engage in racial socialization, they usually decrease the ability of their Black children to handle discrimination in an effective manner.

Question 33

Underemployment refers to when very few minorities are able to find a job.

Question 34

Evidence suggests that employers need to attend more to access discrimination because there is little treatment discrimination in organizations.

Question 35

Lack of job autonomy and advancement at work have been associated with stress and high blood pressure for Blacks.