Deck 4: From Polis To Cosmopolis: The Hellenistic World,387-30 B.C.E.

Question 1

One of the main objections that the Macedonians and Greeks had to Alexander's conquests was

A) his grandiose plans to build an empire.
B) his insistence that everyone learn to speak Greek.
C) his desire to see Persian culture blend with Macedonian.
D) his refusal to settle in one area and raise a family.
E) none of these.

Answer 1

his desire to see Persian culture blend with Macedonian.

Question 2

What was the cause of Alexander's death in 323 B.C.E.?

A) Poisoning.
B) Battle injuries
C) The flu.
D) Malaria.
E) It is unknown.

Answer 2

It is unknown.

Question 3

King Philip II had support from a Greek orator who thought he could unify them and put aside polis differences.This man was

A) Demosthenes.
B) Aristotle.
C) Isocrates.
D) Hippocrates.
E) Archimedes.

Answer 3

Isocrates.

Question 4

In order to establish Greek presence in the territories he conquered,Alexander established

A) new colonies populated by retired soldiers
B) satrapies of deported Greeks.
C) freedom from slavery for any Greek who would move to his new cities.
D) trade agreements free of tariffs for Greek merchants
E) universities led by Greek philosophers.

Question 5

Who was the historian who wrote most about Alexander's conquests?

A) Livy.
B) Herodotus
C) Plutarch
D) Pindar
E) Nearchus

Question 6

In which area was Alexander the Great NOT acknowledged as a ruler?

A) Greece
B) India
C) Persia
D) Egypt
E) Macedonia

Question 7

Due to a loss of power of Macedonia,the Antigonid ruler was only able to hold power in Greece by

A) offering stipends to retired soldiers to live on their lands.
B) enslaving the former coastal colonies as a buffer zone.
C) establishing strategic fortresses to control the Greeks.
D) allowing small pockets of democracy.
E) applying martial law to the whole area.

Question 8

Greeks generally dismissed the Macedonians as barbarians because they

A) were considered rude.
B) did not speak proper Greek.
C) did not contribute to the growth of Golden Age literature.
D) spent too much time hunting and drinking.
E) considered all of these to be true of the Macedonians.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a method used by Alexander to integrate his empire?

A) Adoption of Persian style of dress.
B) Using Persian styles of administration with non-Greeks as bureaucrats.
C) Unifying his army by teaching non-Greeks the Macedonian style of fighting.
D) Imposing Greek religion throughout his empire.
E) All of these were used.

Question 10

Alexander I's first battle after succeeding his father took place in which area?

A) Sparta
B) Thebes
C) Armenia
D) Issus
E) Tyre

Question 11

In the division of the Alexandrian Empire,the Seleucids gained control over which area?

A) India
B) Macedonia
C) Egypt
D) Asia
E) Greece

Question 12

The next area Alexander reportedly wanted to conquer was

A) India.
B) Rome.
C) Arabia.
D) Russia.
E) Africa.

Question 13

Philip II of Macedonia conquered Greece and then formed a coalition called the

A) League of Sparta.
B) Delian League.
C) League of Corinth.
D) Peloponnesian League.
E) Julian League.

Question 14

The primary form of Macedonian government was

A) monarchy.
B) oligarchy.
C) democracy.
D) theocracy.
E) tyranny.

Question 15

Alexander met the greatest resistance to his conquests led by

A) Demosthenes.
B) Darius III.
C) Cleopatra VII.
D) Porus.
E) his own Macedonian troops.

Question 16

Which area did Darius III offer to Alexander as an act of settlement?

A) Egypt
B) The Jordan River Valley
C) Persopolis
D) his empire west of the Euphrates
E) Armenia

Question 17

Macedonia was useful to the Greek states because

A) its plentiful resources were exploited by the polis of Corinth.
B) its fertile agricultural land provided food resources to Athens.
C) it had a powerful army that allied with the Greeks against the Persians.
D) it served as a buffer zone against violent tribes to the north.
E) it was a significant area for intellectual development.

Question 18

What was the main territory that Philip II wanted to conquer?

A) Sparta
B) Anatolia
C) Rome
D) Egypt
E) India

Question 19

Macedonian "spear land" was

A) where the Macedonians trained their army.
B) what they referred to the Northern areas as because they were always under attack.
C) land given to peasants in exchange for military service.
D) a colony where slaves made spears for warfare.
E) where Philip II went hunting for boar with his friends.

Question 20

The battle at which Alexander defeated Darius III and was injured was

A) Gordum.
B) Issus.
C) Jaffa.
D) Persepolis.
E) Gaugamela.

Question 21

Which of the following did Hippocrates,a scientist of medicine,believe?

A) illness was caused by diet or environment.
B) rest was important.
C) the body would generally heal itself.
D) the important point of an illness was crisis, after which the patient would either live or die.
E) All of these.

Question 22

Aristotle's opinion on change was that

A) the gods willed change to happen when they so desired.
B) the world was defined by the manner in which change happened.
C) change was the misperception by unenlightened thinkers, and that perfect forms existed in unchanging form.
D) change was the result of imperfections dying out.
E) the world changed on a regular basis and we could only study it.

Question 23

Under Ptolemaic Egypt,the Greeks were

A) ostracized.
B) top officials in a centralized government.
C) given lavish rewards by the pharaoh.
D) punished for being unwilling to learn Egyptian culture.
E) in charge of a new system of education.

Question 24

The centers of culture in the Hellenistic world were found in

A) Greek colonies.
B) cities.
C) the palaces of the kings.
D) independent academic institutions.
E) places where Alexander had lived.

Question 25

The first practical philosopher was

A) Pythagoras.
B) Plato.
C) Socrates.
D) Thales.
E) Aristotle.

Question 26

One of the most significant characteristics of the Hellenistic world was

A) free trade along the Silk Road.
B) an awareness and combination of Greek with other cultures.
C) the submission of all territories to Greek hegemony.
D) the loss of political cohesion provided by Alexander.
E) the fragmentation of identity from its core Greek values.

Question 27

The standard language used for commerce and intellectual discussion in the Hellenistic era was

A) English
B) Aramaic.
C) Koine
D) Demotic.
E) Persian.

Question 28

A significant reason that the Greeks in the Hellenistic Age felt out of place in cosmopolitan life was that

A) their accomplishments seemed insignificant by comparison.
B) their gods were not seen as being truly comparable to more awesome gods of other cultures.
C) they felt their culture was no longer the most superior in the world, threatening their sense of identity.
D) some of the other cultures they encountered were wealthier than Hellenistic ones.
E) they felt the unification of other nations and empires was a significant political accomplishment.

Question 29

As a result of their discomfort due to cultural displacement,many Greeks looked to ____ to regain control in their lives.

A) building a powerful army
B) promoting Greek philosophy as the triumph of the western world
C) athletic prowess and personal fitness
D) embracing a multicultural perspective
E) religion

Question 30

All of the following are characteristics of mystery cults except

A) purification rituals.
B) initiation ceremonies.
C) confession of sin and absolution.
D) sharing the experience of the god or goddess.
E) secrecy.

Question 31

In the Hellenistic world,what was the predominant form of government?

A) absolute monarchy
B) oligarchy
C) representative government
D) true democracy
E) empires

Question 32

Merchants in the Hellenistic area opened trade for the first time with which area?

A) Arabia
B) Africa
C) India
D) China
E) All of these

Question 33

The isolated Greek kingdom in Bactria is known through

A) Buddhist records in India.
B) coins and archeology.
C) establishment of the furthest Silk Road outpost.
D) inscriptions.
E) incorporation into the kingdom of Pergamum.

Question 34

Syncretism,or fusion between cultures,was demonstrated in the Hellenistic world in which forms?

A) religion
B) literature
C) architecture
D) art
E) All of these

Question 35

Which of the following was not a result of the Hellenistic economic changes?

A) the infusion of Persian silver into the Mediterranean world
B) inflation
C) increased prosperity
D) impurities in metal coins
E) an international market economy

Question 36

The influential scientist who proposed that the earth revolves around the sun was

A) Aristotle.
B) Euclid.
C) Eratosthenes.
D) Aristarchus.
E) Ptolemy.

Question 37

The primary characteristic of the Ptolemaic administration in Egypt was

A) a very centralized structure headed by Greeks.
B) an integrated administration by both Greeks and Egyptians.
C) a very segregated domination of religion by Egyptians only.
D) the highest offices filled by nobles from each civilization
E) complete subjugation of all Egyptians.

Question 38

One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World affiliated with the Egyptian city of Alexandria was

A) the lighthouse.
B) the library at Alexandria.
C) the Colossus of Rhodes.
D) the pyramid marking Alexander's grave.
E) the Hanging Gardens.

Question 39

What was offered by Hellenistic mystery cults?

A) revenge on barbarian cultures
B) appealing to the gods to cure illness
C) the secret to accruing wealth
D) a blissful afterlife
E) acceptance into foreign lifestyles

Question 40

One of the most popular forms of literature in the early Hellenistic Age was

A) mythology.
B) epic tales of adventure.
C) biographies of Alexander.
D) travel literature.
E) scientific texts.

Question 41

How did the Greeks deal with the loss of their cultural hegemony and assimilate into a larger cosmopolitan picture?

Question 42

A tenet of Epicureanism was that

A) everyone should live according to nature and ignore social conventions.
B) all was comprised of atoms that randomly fell through space.
C) the universe was highly structured according to an organizing force called Logos.
D) everyone could achieve satisfaction by following their designated place and duties in life.
E) each individual should pursue his or her own pleasure because time is fleeting.

Question 43

Analyze the effects of wider travel on the literature and popular culture of the Hellenistic world.

Question 44

From the more Hellenistic perspective,analyze the transition in the Greek world from polis to cosmopolis.

Question 45

What are the major characteristics of Hellenistic culture?

Question 46

The supreme legal and legislative body of the Jews in Jerusalem was known as the

A) Sadducees.
B) Pharisees.
C) Essenes.
D) Hasidim.
E) Sanhedrin.

Question 47

How did philosophy differ from the Hellenic to the Hellenistic Age?

Question 48

The Maccabean revolt occurred in protest against

A) Antigonus of Macedonia.
B) the Seleucid king Antiochus IV.
C) Athanasius of Nicea.
D) Salome Alexandria.
E) Albanensus the Cynic.

Question 49

What happened to Judaism in the Hellenistic era after Alexander's death?

A) The Ptolemaic kingdom allowed freedom of religion.
B) The Antigonid kingdom demanded adherence to Stoicism.
C) Conservative Jews rejected Hellenized Judaism as too compromised.
D) There was widespread conversion to Judaism in the religiously tolerant Hellenistic world.
E) Syncretism with other religions led to Christianity.

Question 50

The Jewish faction that opposed Hellenism and wanted rigorous enforcement of Jewish law was

A) the Sadducees.
B) the Pharisees.
C) the Essenes.
D) the Sanhedrin.
E) none of these.

Question 51

The Greek translation of the Old Testament created by seventy Jewish translators in Alexandria was the

A) Torah.
B) Tanakh.
C) Septuagint.
D) Scripture.
E) Psalms.

Question 52

Explain the significance of the Maccabean revolt.

Question 53

What measures did Alexander take to try and create a unified empire?

Question 54

The main focus of the intellectual and philosophical search for identity was figuring out

A) who was in charge of one's destiny.
B) what was the proper place of an individual in the world.
C) what was the meaning of life.
D) how one could reconcile philosophy and religion.
E) what would come in the afterlife.

Question 55

A significant difference in Epicureanism from other schools of philosophy is

A) it believed in total indulgence to achieve pleasure.
B) it admitted women.
C) it did not believe in logic.
D) it took no account of rank or status.
E) it fused philosophy with religious worship of the gods.

Question 56

What were the reasons for the failure of the Alexandrian Empire and the success of the Hellenistic world?

Question 57

All of the following methods were utilized by Antiochus IV Epiphanes to promote Hellenism except

A) he forbid the practice of circumcision.
B) he forbid studying the Torah.
C) he did not allow observation of the Jewish Sabbath.
D) he defiled the Hebrew temple by requiring ritualized prostitution and slaughter of pigs.
E) he embraced Christianity as a new sect within Judaism.

Question 58

The most demanding of the mystery cults was devoted to

A) Mithra.
B) Isis.
C) Demeter.
D) Athena.
E) Cybele.

Question 59

The main goal of the Maccabean Revolt in 167 B.C.E.was

A) political independence.
B) imparting adherence to Hellenistic culture.
C) overthrowing the Sadducees.
D) approving the Septuagint.
E) creating an environment of religious toleration.

Question 60

How can we explain the growth of mystery cults and the changes to the spiritual world in the Hellenistic Age?

Question 61

Alexander the Great assassinated his father to take over his empire.

Question 62

To be initiated into most mystery cults,one had to provide a blood sacrifice.

Question 63

How did Greek science develop out of the cultural transitions in the Hellenistic Era differently than those scientific ideals established in the Classical Age?

Question 64

The Seleucid kingdom was the least organized and hardest to control of Alexander's conquests.

Question 65

Prior to his unexpected death,Alexander the Great planned to conquer India next.

Question 66

Greek science included a steam engine.

Question 67

Because of exposure to the Hellenistic world,Greeks no longer believed that everything non-Greek was barbarian.

Question 68

Hippocrates believed that most illnesses were caused by diet or environment.

Question 69

In the post-Alexandrian territories of the Seleucid,Antigonid and Ptolemaic kingdoms,how important was the maintenance of a Greek sense of identity? What challenges or compromises were made?

Question 70

Aristotle was a student of Socrates.

Question 71

The city of Rhodes was Alexander's center of trade in Egypt.

Question 72

Compare the philosophies and beliefs within Stoicism,Epicureanism,and Cynicism as embraced by the individuals.Why did these philosophies impart comfort that was separate from the mystery cults?

Question 73

Greeks provided uniform,organized resistance to Alexander's armies.

Question 74

The last Hellenistic kingdom to fall to Rome was that of Pergamum.