Deck 5: The Rise of Rome,753-27 B.C.E.

Question 1

What did the concept pax decorum mean?

A) The government law was ranked higher than religious law.
B) Peace treaties had to be approved by the temple officials.
C) Religious festivals must be held with solemnity and dignity
D) The government functioned according to religious law
E) The chief consul was anointed by the pontifex maximus.

Answer 1

The government functioned according to religious law

Question 2

The Etruscan writings were based on what influences?

A) Egyptian hieroglyphics
B) Sumerian pictographs
C) Phoenician inscriptions
D) Greek alphabets
E) Ogam

Answer 2

Greek alphabets

Question 3

Roman social orders were divided into the

A) patricians and patriarchs.
B) plebians and optimates.
C) consuls and tribunes.
D) patricians and plebians.
E) equestrians and senators.

Answer 3

patricians and plebians.

Question 4

In which of the following ways were women in Rome better off than women in Greece?

A) They could work in a variety of jobs.
B) They could appear in public without a chaperone
C) They could serve in the military.
D) They could hold public office.
E) They were exempt from slavery.

Question 5

The type of marriage in which authority over a woman was transferred from her father to her husband was known as

A) patriarchal.
B) purchase.
C) usage.
D) without authority.
E) feme covert.

Question 6

Which event sparked the end of kings in Rome?

A) the rape of Lucretia
B) the conquest of Gaul
C) extortion of taxes for draining swamps
D) declaring war on Greece
E) an embargo against goods produced in Rome

Question 7

Which of the following was not a private right?

A) marriage
B) inheritance
C) business
D) voting
E) None of these were private rights.

Question 8

In the event of divorce by mutual consent,which of the following could not happen?

A) Termination of the marriage by declaring "I divorce you" three times in front of witnesses made it official
B) The husband must always return the dowry to the wife's family.
C) The mother would retain custody of her children.
D) The property disposition was the most important consideration.
E) If the wife committed adultery, the husband could retain one-sixth of the dowry.

Question 9

The two powers held by early Roman kings were

A) taxation and dispensing justice.
B) declaring war and dividing the spoils.
C) consulting the gods and leading the army.
D) issuing death sentences and taking a census.
E) None of these.

Question 10

Early Roman history is available to us through

A) the writings of Livy.
B) inscriptions of the Etruscans.
C) correlating reports of the Greek Logographers.
D) oral tradition.
E) cave paintings.

Question 11

The Etruscans brought the Romans all of the following except

A) constructed roads.
B) stone buildings.
C) new professions like pottery making.
D) religious practices.
E) law.

Question 12

Who were Romulus and Remus?

A) The two Spartan kings who ruled the northern and southern peninsulas of Italy.
B) Mythologic twin sons of Mars who came to rule Rome.
C) Dualistic gods who were chosen by the Latins.
D) Satraps put in power by Darius the Great as Persia expanded westward.
E) Brothers from the Antigonid dynasty after the collapse of the Alexandrian Empire.

Question 13

Every May,Romans would make an offering of black beans to which gods?

A) Lares
B) Penates
C) Lemures
D) Manes
E) Numina

Question 14

What factor seems to indicate that there were two different populations in Rome circa 750 B.C.E.?

A) Burial practices differed around this time.
B) There was a significant change in the spoken and written dialects of Latin.
C) Pottery changed from red figure to black figure.
D) There was a transition from using bronze to using iron.
E) Farming practices showed cultural assimilation.

Question 15

The most important of the Etruscan temples in Rome at Capitoline Hill was dedicated to

A) Zeus and Hera.
B) Jupiter and Juno.
C) Neptune and Athena.
D) Poseidon and Artemis.
E) Vespa and Ceres.

Question 16

A belief in early Roman religion concerned

A) omnipresent and vengeful gods who would smite wrongdoers.
B) a monotheistic covenant.
C) vague and shapeless forces of nature that controlled the environment.
D) anthropomorphic gods who were not role models.
E) the concept of the perfect metaphysical form.

Question 17

The greatest Roman virtue was considered to be

A) gravitas, or seriousness of mood.
B) modesty.
C) discipline.
D) pietas, or loyalty to family, friends, and state.
E) veritas, or honesty.

Question 18

The patron-client relationship was centered around

A) bilateral obligations of service.
B) sponsorship of business and arts.
C) development of trade activities.
D) dominance of the political structure by the patricians.
E) the patricians and the priests of the temple.

Question 19

The Roman paterfamilias was the

A) chief consul of the Senate.
B) head priest at the temple of Jupiter.
C) First Citizen of the assembly.
D) head of the military legion.
E) chief authority within a family.

Question 20

The only women free of male dominance were the

A) high priestesses of the Temple of Hera.
B) women whose husbands and fathers were deceased.
C) plebian women who had borne more than five children.
D) six vestal virgins.
E) wives of patrician senators.

Question 21

What was the primary duty of the consuls in the Senate?

A) to oversee the census
B) to appoint new senators
C) to introduce laws to the Senate
D) to lead the legion in war
E) to oversee the administration of justice

Question 22

The most significant among the Roman wars for expansion were the

A) wars to conquer the Etruscans.
B) wars to conquer the Sabine.
C) wars with Carthage.
D) wars with Greece.
E) civil wars within Roman society.

Question 23

Roman law under the Twelve Tables represented

A) the interests of the patricians above all others.
B) a startling change in structuring Roman society.
C) the collective will of the people.
D) the subjugation of noncitizens in a rigid social hierarchy.
E) appeasement of the gods by any means necessary.

Question 24

Who were the Celts?

A) inhabitants of Britain
B) inhabitants of Gaul (France)
C) inhabitants of Ireland
D) inhabitants of the Germanic lands
E) All of these.

Question 25

Why was the Roman general Scipio given the nickname "Africanus"?

A) He was proconsul in Numidia.
B) He divided his armies between Africa and Spain.
C) He defeated Hannibal at Zama, outside of Carthage.
D) He conquered all of north Africa to Egypt.
E) He led the Roman navy to circumnavigate Africa.

Question 26

A significant consequence of Rome's wars was

A) overextension of the army.
B) acquisition of foreign provinces.
C) the expense of maintaining provincial government structure without taxes.
D) incorporating new provinces into the representative government structure.
E) suppression of radical ideas from other cultures.

Question 27

At the end of the first Punic War in 241 B.C.E.,the

A) Roman navy was ambushed off the port of Syracuse.
B) Romans sacked Carthage.
C) Romans gained Sicily.
D) Romans were defeated by the Greek general Pyrrhus.
E) Roman Senate declared an end to an unpopular war.

Question 28

What was the primary governing body of the Roman Republic?

A) the assembly of citizens
B) the Praetorian Guard
C) the quaestors
D) the Senate
E) the equestrians

Question 29

What was the main reason the Romans won the wars in southern Italy against the Greek colonists?

A) Religious syncretism created a basis for a treaty under pax decorum.
B) The Greeks were dependent on the Athenian navy, which was destroyed in fighting Persians.
C) The Romans established a blockade that starved out the Greeks.
D) The Romans were willing to incur casualties more than the Greeks.
E) The Greeks had inferior military leadership.

Question 30

In order to consolidate authority over the territories it had conquered,Rome used all of the following tactics except

A) construction of all-weather military roads.
B) establishment of military colonies at strategic points.
C) conscription of enemies into Roman legions.
D) imposing patron-client relationships with the conquered.
E) allotting land to poor plebeians in military colonies.

Question 31

Why did the Conflict of the Orders occur?

A) The patricians wanted to lessen their responsibilities in client-patron relationships.
B) The Praetorian Guard attempted to overthrow the senate.
C) The Romans wanted to expel the Etruscan king.
D) The plebians wanted more power in the Republic.
E) There was no written law code to set precedents and standards.

Question 32

Which was the highest ranked elected official in the Republican Government?

A) praetor
B) quaestor
C) tribune
D) consul
E) magistrate

Question 33

After the second Punic war,the standard currency of the Mediterranean was the

A) drachma.
B) lira.
C) shekel.
D) denarius.
E) doubloon.

Question 34

The most lucrative form of income for Rome came from

A) taxation of conquered territories.
B) provincial resources.
C) the sale of slaves from newly assimilated territories.
D) construction of roads and aqueducts.
E) vast new opportunities for trade.

Question 35

One of the significant concessions in the Conflict of the Orders was

A) allowing the plebs the right to vote.
B) legal recognition of the Plebaeian assembly
C) allowing the Council of Plebs to pass laws binding on all Roman people.
D) granting plebs the right to own property.
E) ending debt slavery for plebeians.

Question 36

What prevented the Romans from building an empire immediately after their initial war victories?

A) They did not feel that accruing land would contribute to the glory of Rome.
B) They did not want the expense of a large army.
C) They did not have a substantial enough economy to incorporate new territories.
D) Their justifications of war did not support building an empire.
E) All of these.

Question 37

A significant opponent of the infusion of Greek culture within Rome was

A) Cato the Elder.
B) Polybius.
C) Cicero.
D) Sulla.
E) Gaius Marius.

Question 38

The primary reason for Rome's wars in the third century B.C.E.was

A) conquest of provinces for resources.
B) conquest of provinces for annexation of territory.
C) to weaken potential enemies
D) obtain monopolies of trade in the Mediterranean.
E) spread the religion of Jupiter the Best and Greatest.

Question 39

What was Hannibal's surprise strategy in the second Punic War?

A) To invade southern Italy with the assistance of displaced Greeks.
B) To lay siege to the Roman provinces on Corsica and Sardinia.
C) To use Numidian land troops to provoke the Romans to attack in Gaul.
D) To use diverse forces and attack by land, crossing the Alps into northern Italy.
E) To entrap and burn the Roman navy in the straits between Sicily and Carthage.

Question 40

One of the major means of administration in provinces was through the establishment of

A) a military presence to ensure compliance.
B) an autonomous local consul.
C) governors with small staffs that generally respected local laws.
D) a local council to hear grievances and avoid rebellion.
E) None of these.

Question 41

How was religion dealt with in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?

Question 42

The death of the Gracchi marked what change in Rome?

A) A ruthless drive for power by the plebian assembly.
B) The breakdown of necessary cooperation to ensure the balance of power in the senate.
C) The hope that a representative government could achieve checks and balances.
D) The official division between the Republic and empire.
E) The use of assassination as a means to eliminate political challenges.

Question 43

The final conflict between Octavian and Marc Antony was the Battle of

A) Lepidus.
B) Philippi.
C) Zama.
D) Actium.
E) Charonaea.

Question 44

How does the law of Twelve Tables compare to previous codes of law you've learned about,such as Hammurabi's or the laws of Moses?

Question 45

In comparing the three Punic Wars,what significant differences do you see? What were the major successes or defeats?

Question 46

The Golden Age author known for his love poetry was

A) Cicero.
B) Lucretius.
C) Livy.
D) Polybius.
E) Catullus.

Question 47

As a result of expansion,latifundia were developed by senator landholders,who obtained their land from

A) small farmers who could not compete with the surge of slave labor.
B) soldier-farmers who did not want to return to the drudgery of farming.
C) debt slaves who could not afford to maintain their property.
D) newly conquered provinces that stripped land from noncitizens.
E) the sale of equestrians who did not wish to be in the provinces and moved to new cities.

Question 48

What role did the Etruscans play in civilizing the Romans? To what extent could you argue that the Romans created their own civilization?

Question 49

The major new change that Marius imparted to the army was

A) hiring soldiers from outlying provinces and making them citizens of Rome.
B) requiring that soldiers provide their own armor and horses.
C) freeing soldiers of the requirement of owning land.
D) reducing the term of service from twenty-five to ten years.
E) promising land and salaries, in the outlying provinces, to men who would serve in the army.

Question 50

The slave revolt in the late Republic,which created a large crisis,was led by

A) Spartacus.
B) Crassus.
C) Marcus Aurelius.
D) Scipio Africanus.
E) Tiberius Gracchus.

Question 51

Analyze the emphasis of Romans in granting citizenship and creating unification,compared to the Greek independent polis.What allowed Rome to extend its empire so easily,while the Greeks could not do so until their conquest by Philip II?

Question 52

What brought the senatorial generals into conflict with the Senate?

A) Julius Caesar demanded a better province of which to be proconsul.
B) Catiline's conspiracy to overthrow the government.
C) Sulla's issuance of the proscriptions.
D) The Senate's refusal to grant further powers and armies to powerful generals.
E) Eliminating the position of Dictator from the Roman constitution.

Question 53

Why was life better for women in Rome than in Greece?

Question 54

Why is the second of the Punic Wars considered an epic?

Question 55

The revolt of the Italian allies in 90 B.C.E.was caused by

A) Rome's refusal to grant citizenship.
B) Rome's seizure of lands in the provinces.
C) imposition of extremely high taxes.
D) an uprising of slaves.
E) the allies' refusal to learn Latin.

Question 56

The First Triumvirate consisted of

A) Pompey, Cicero, and Catiline.
B) Julius Caesar, Cicero, and Catallus.
C) Crassus, Octavian, and Spartacus.
D) Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey.
E) Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Marius.

Question 57

Why was Julius Caesar assassinated?

A) The senators did not trust his judgment concerning the rule of Egypt by Cleopatra.
B) His campaign to conquer the Germanic lands was seen as too ambitious.
C) His enemies in Gaul were outraged by his political success.
D) He named himself dictator for life and monopolized power.
E) He proposed land redistribution, which challenged the holdings of the patrician senate.

Question 58

Analyze the role of the family in Roman life.Why was the concept of paterfamilias so important?

Question 59

Compare the resistance to cultural blending within Rome to that within the Hellenistic world.

Question 60

What crises faced by Rome led to the development of dictatorships?

Question 61

The Romans believed the most virtuous female activity was having and raising children.

Question 62

Membership in the Senate was based on heredity rather than popular election.

Question 63

The rule of law depended on auspicium,or consultation with the gods to determine what was right.

Question 64

Celts were best known for their fighting style,which contrasted greatly with the Romans' fighting style.

Question 65

Many Roman religious rituals were borrowed from the Etruscans.

Question 66

The Etruscans,who dominated early Rome,were descendants of the Greeks who escaped the Trojan Wars.

Question 67

Gladitorial games were probably borrowed from the Etruscans.

Question 68

What is the difference between the Roman Republican government and Greek Democracy?

Question 69

Under the concept of paterfamilias,a child remained under the absolute authority of his/her father as long as he was alive.

Question 70

The term of a consul,elected from the people,was for two years.

Question 71

Lemures were best appeased with offerings of black beans.