Deck 7: Late Antiquity,284-527

Question 1

To regulate imperial succession,Constantine advocated

A) passing the position to the best qualified.
B) passing the position to the emperor's son.
C) dividing the empire into four territories.
D) requiring the Senate to pick the next emperor.
E) allowing the military to choose their preferred candidate.

Answer 1

passing the position to the emperor's son.

Question 2

One of the most disputed points in early Christian theology was

A) who was supposed to be in charge of the church.
B) the nature of the Trinity.
C) how Christianity differed from Judaism.
D) how to reconcile the Old and New Testaments as coordinating texts.
E) whether communion was literal or symbolic.

Answer 2

the nature of the Trinity.

Question 3

Under Diocletian's rule,what happened to the Roman Senate?

A) He strengthened its authority as a supplement to his reign.
B) He disbanded it entirely.
C) He removed all power and made it a city council.
D) He empowered it to make decisions on behalf of the western provinces.
E) He declared all of its members guilty of treason and conspiracy.

Answer 3

He removed all power and made it a city council.

Question 4

In order to reduce the power of his potential rivals,Diocletian did all of the following except

A) removed the power of the Senate.
B) split the army by creating a mobile field army in the interior.
C) separated military and civil careers to prevent governors from commanding troops.
D) limited the number of provincial governors to fifty.
E) subdivided the provinces to make it harder for generals to become governors.

Question 5

Which was the most successful of Diocletian's economic reforms?

A) Requiring the land tax to be paid in produce or goods rather than in the worthless coinage.
B) Reissuing coins with copper.
C) Issuing an edict setting a maximum cost of items.
D) Issuing pure gold and silver coins to soldiers as donatives every five years.
E) Making professions hereditary by law.

Question 6

Why did Constantine create a new capital city?

A) To keep a closer eye on the church.
B) The barbarians were overrunning western Europe and it was more prudent to retreat.
C) The sources necessary for economic and population support were located in the East.
D) The location of Constantinople was much easier to defend than Rome.
E) So he could build an entirely Christian city with new churches, untainted by polytheism.

Question 7

Diocletian raised the status of the emperor to what title?

A) Tetris
B) Dominus
C) Augustus
D) Praetor
E) Simius

Question 8

Which of the following arguments did the Arian heresy support?

A) Jesus was subordinate to God.
B) God and Jesus were the same entity.
C) Jesus could not have been both human and divine.
D) There was no such thing as a Holy Spirit.
E) The Holy Spirit represented a transitive being between life and death, available to all.

Question 9

Constantine's financial reform was successful enough that the standard currency in the Mediterranean for the next seven hundred years was the

A) denarius.
B) solidus.
C) drachma.
D) floren.
E) dengi.

Question 10

The famous battle at which Constantine defeated his rival and became sole ruler was located at the

A) Halfpenny Bridge.
B) Pontivecchio Bridge.
C) Tiber Bridge.
D) Milvian Bridge.
E) Verrazzano Bridge.

Question 11

Within Constantine's succession plans,women

A) were not permitted to rule under any circumstances.
B) could rule if they were crowned as Augusta.
C) were not excluded from rule.
D) could rule only as regents for their sons.
E) were only to be consorts to their husbands.

Question 12

After winning in battle,Constantine issued the Edict of Milan,which established the

A) adoption of Christianity by the empire.
B) end of Christian persecutions within the empire.
C) closure of all pagan temples in the empire.
D) end of the imperial cult.
E) None of these.

Question 13

A significant problem that Constantine encountered in giving preferred status to Christianity within the Empire was that

A) Christians were not uniform in their beliefs.
B) Christians demanded the exclusion of all other religions.
C) Christians would not recognize Constantine as supreme authority.
D) Some of the Christian hierarchy accepted Constantine, others did not.
E) Christians wanted a tax exemption as a sign of favor from Constantine.

Question 14

Constantine's best effort to end financial problems was to

A) issue the donatives annually instead of every five years.
B) increase taxation among the provinces.
C) demand that the military supply its own weapons.
D) change the empire to a gold standard based on solidus instead of denarii.
E) demand the payment of taxes in gold as well as produce.

Question 15

Which of the following was not one of Constantine's ways of showing the Christians favor?

A) exempting priests from duty on city councils.
B) recognizing Sunday as a day of rest
C) forbidding Jews to keep Christian slaves
D) building new churches
E) exempting Christians from military service

Question 16

The primary benefit of the tetrarchy system,from Diocletian's point of view,was to

A) ensure stability of succession.
B) divide the responsibilities of the four emperors.
C) retain greater authority in the provinces.
D) devise a united front against Barbarian encroachment on the borders.
E) allow for more accurate collection of taxes from each Diocese.

Question 17

Which of the following challenges did Diocletian face at the start of his reign?

A) massive inflation
B) military threat from barbarians
C) lack of control of the army
D) a divided empire
E) All of these

Question 18

Diocletian's plan for governance of the empire was called the

A) triumvirate.
B) triptych.
C) tetrarchy.
D) quadratium.
E) quadrarchy.

Question 19

Along with moving the capital to Constantinople,Constantine built all of the following except

A) Hagia Sophia
B) the Hippodrome
C) Senate Forum.
D) the Church of Saint John the Lateran
E) Constantine's Arch.

Question 20

What was Diocletian's rationale for the persecution of Christians?

A) As they were political enemies of the Emperor, he was entitled to impose penalties.
B) To enforce his authority as dominus, or living god.
C) Refusal to participate in the imperial cult weakened the unity of the Empire.
D) It would require more administration to enforce his decrees, making more people dependent on him.
E) It provided a cultural rallying point among non-Christians in the empire.

Question 21

Among the preparations for Judgment day,many Christians underwent

A) partaking of the Eucharist.
B) forsaking sexual activity.
C) circumcision.
D) a second conversion.
E) ascetic trials.

Question 22

The last non-Christian ruler of the Roman Empire was

A) Constantine.
B) Diocletian.
C) Julian.
D) Theodosius.
E) Valens.

Question 23

Mithraism shared many similarities with Christianity except

A) baptism.
B) the December 25 birthday of both religions' leaders.
C) a strong moral code.
D) the exclusion of women.
E) community meals.

Question 24

Of the two versions of the Talmud,developed from Jewish communities in the Diaspora,the one that continues to be the authoritative basis for Judaism today was written in

A) Palestine.
B) Jerusalem.
C) Babylon.
D) Alexandria.
E) Rome.

Question 25

The translation of the Bible into Latin by Jerome was known as the

A) Septuagint.
B) Gospels.
C) Vulgate.
D) New Testament.
E) Tanakh.

Question 26

The holiest section of a church is the

A) nave.
B) apse.
C) chancel.
D) bapistry.
E) No section of the church is holier than any other.

Question 27

Saint Augustine argued that people needed the grace of God through the authority of the church because

A) Only the church could provide legitimate sacraments.
B) People were tainted by original sin from Adam and Eve.
C) People were regularly sinful by nature and needed constant reinforcement.
D) Most people were illiterate and could not read the Bible themselves.
E) People must be forcibly converted.

Question 28

The barbarian group that successfully won the Battle at Adrianople was the

A) Visigoths.
B) Ostrogoths.
C) Huns.
D) Franks.
E) Allamani.

Question 29

Many of the barbarians in western Europe converted to

A) Judaism.
B) Mithraism.
C) Orthodox Christianity.
D) Arian Christianity.
E) Druidism.

Question 30

One of the most important autobiographies to exist from late antiquity was by

A) Saint Ambrose.
B) Saint Augustine.
C) Saint Jerome.
D) Saint Martin.
E) Saint Gregory.

Question 31

The most influential philosophy of Late Antiquity,stressing leaving behind one's earthly existence to attain a higher level of consciousness,was called

A) Zen Buddhism.
B) Stoicism.
C) Neoplatonism.
D) Monophysitism.
E) meditation.

Question 32

In the Late Empire,where did most senators live?

A) Rome
B) Constantinople
C) Marseilles
D) provincial villas
E) large urban areas throughout the empire

Question 33

Both Christian and pagan literary works were preserved in what form?

A) manuscript
B) inscriptions
C) codex
D) scrolls
E) books

Question 34

In the fourth century,the most influential people in the empire were

A) priests.
B) monks.
C) senators.
D) army generals.
E) barbarian chieftains.

Question 35

Saint Patrick of England converted which group to Christianity?

A) the Franks
B) the Goths
C) the Irish
D) the Scottish
E) the Swedish

Question 36

Which of the following tactics was used by Julian (the Apostate)to weaken Christianity?

A) prohibiting Christian professors from teaching classical literature.
B) burning Christian churches.
C) reinstituting the persecutions.
D) mandating the worship of Mithras.
E) criminalizing the sacrament of baptism.

Question 37

Religious hermits who initially lived alone in spiritual contemplation were known as

A) abbots.
B) ascetics.
C) deacons.
D) monks.
E) zealots.

Question 38

In the Late Empire,cities

A) were deserted.
B) saw populations decline.
C) were the primary location of monasteries.
D) were crucial centers of economic and political functioning.
E) were prestigious centers of learning.

Question 39

What occurred at the Council of Nicaea?

A) Constantine was declared supreme authority of the church.
B) Arianism was condemned as a heresy.
C) Factionalism split the Eastern and Western churches
D) The Pope was chosen to make all subsequent ecumenical decisions.
E) Constantine was excommunicated from the Church.

Question 40

The only group of non-Christians who retained their ancestral beliefs were

A) Roman senators.
B) people who lived in rural Roman provinces.
C) Zoroastrians living on the borders of the New Persian Empire.
D) Jews.
E) None of these groups retained their ancestral beliefs.

Question 41

Under Theodosius II,the Byzantine Empire was

A) entirely isolated from western Europe.
B) completely identified with the East, with Greek as the preferred language.
C) very militarily focused.
D) immune from assault by barbarians.
E) None of these.

Question 42

Explain the significance of Constantine's conversion to Christianity and its effect on religion in the Roman Empire.

Question 43

Analyze the importance of the Council of Nicaea,including why it was called that to begin with.

Question 44

Which crucial event took place in 410?

A) The onslaught of the Huns under Attila.
B) The sack of Rome by the Visigoths under Alaric.
C) The seizure of Spain by the Vandals.
D) The occupation of Gaul by the Franks.
E) The march across the frozen Danube River by the Visigoths.

Question 45

Continued arguments about the physical versus spiritual nature of Christ by Monophysites were settled at the

A) Council of Nicaea.
B) Council of Chalcedon.
C) Lateran Council.
D) Council of Constance.
E) Council of Whitby.

Question 46

Clovis was accepted by the Romans because

A) he was baptized under the Nicene Creed.
B) he continued the use of the Roman law code.
C) he fought against the Vandals.
D) they were afraid of his conquests.
E) None of these.

Question 47

What were the major reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire?

Question 48

What event ended the conflict of the Nestorians,who argued for Christ's divinity after his death?

A) They were excommunicated for heresy.
B) They were condemned at a council but were tolerated quietly.
C) They gained many adherents among the barbarians of western Europe.
D) They went into exile in Persia and spread throughout the East.
E) They established a separatist form of Christianity.

Question 49

What relationship did Mithraism have with Christianity?

Question 50

Why did the emphasis of the Roman Empire shift to the east in the dominate period?

Question 51

Which of the following is not one of the Romance languages derived from Latin?

A) French
B) Italian
C) Romanian
D) German
E) Spanish

Question 52

Romulus Augustulus was removed from the western throne in 476 by

A) Alaric.
B) Attila.
C) Odovacar.
D) Theodoric.
E) Arthur.

Question 53

The emperor who achieved some measure of peace with the Visigoths was

A) Theodosius.
B) Theodoric.
C) Valentinian.
D) Valens.
E) Stilicho.

Question 54

To achieve peace with the Huns,the Byzantine Empire partnered with the

A) Lombards.
B) Visigoths.
C) Vandals.
D) Persians.
E) Franks.

Question 55

What role did the coloni play in the Late Empire? How did their social standing change,and was the change entirely negative?

Question 56

How did paganism differ from Christianity in late antiquity?

Question 57

What role did Christianity offer women? How did this contrast with opportunities in the Roman Empire?

Question 58

What finally ended the attacks of the Huns?

A) They were defeated by allied forces near Rome.
B) Attila signed a peace treaty with the church via Leo the Great.
C) Attila died on his wedding night.
D) Their subject states revolted against them and they scattered.
E) A new khan in the East demanded they return home.

Question 59

What was the significance of Constantine shifting the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople from Rome?

Question 60

Analyze the effect of Diocletian's reforms,followed by Constantine's changes,on stabilizing the Roman Empire,however briefly.What did each accomplish?

Question 61

The last Roman Emperor was Valens,who was killed at Adrianople in 378 C.E.

Question 62

Neoplatonism endorsed the idea of one overall god.

Question 63

The Visigoths in Spain adopted Roman Law.

Question 64

The Council of Chalcedon granted the Byzantine Patriarch the same status as the Pope.

Question 65

After the fifth century,the Byzantine Empire collapsed into the Dark Ages.

Question 66

In what way was Theodosius I responsible for the advancement of Christianity within the Empire? How did this affect the relationship between Church and State?

Question 67

The Romance languages evolved from Germanic roots.

Question 68

Discuss the ways in which individuals could more directly participate in Christianity.

Question 69

The conversion of the Irish to Christianity was accomplished by Saint Cuthbert.

Question 70

The Nicene Creed emerged from the ecumenical council to state what Christians believed.

Question 71

The Church of the Holy Sepulcher was founded by Constantine's mother,Helen.

Question 72

The Vulgate was a translation of the Old and New Testament into English by Jerome.

Question 73

How did Christianity and its culture transform the literature of Late Antiquity?