Deck 8: The Eastern Mediterranean,500-1000

Question 1

In enforcing his religious authority Justinian forbade the study of what?

A) Arianism.
B) the Old Testament.
C) Pre-Christian philosophy.
D) Socratic rhetoric.
E) Roman historical treatises.

Answer 1

Pre-Christian philosophy.

Question 2

How did Justinian keep the Slavs from attacking while he was concentrating on reunifying the Western Empire?

A) He allied with them to attack the Persians instead.
B) He paid them protection money.
C) He built expensive fortifications on the border.
D) He promised them free holdings on the Black Sea.
E) He demanded their cooperation as a Christian nation.

Answer 2

He built expensive fortifications on the border.

Question 3

One of the triumphs of Justinian's rule was the construction of what?

A) the Hippodrome
B) the Porphyrian Palace
C) the city bazaars
D) Hagia Sophia
E) the Golden Horn

Answer 3

Hagia Sophia

Question 4

Heraclius used all of the following ways to fortify his borders except

A) He confiscated church furnishings to pay his military.
B) He overhauled the tax system to increase revenues.
C) He bribed the Avars to ceasefire in order to push back the Persians.
D) He charged a fee to see the relic of the True Cross.
E) He inflicted a humiliating defeat on the Persians.

Question 5

Contracts were increasingly used to settle issues of

A) trading.
B) family property.
C) marriage.
D) inheritance.
E) All of these.

Question 6

Which was the most costly of Justinian's economic expenses?

A) retaking Italy
B) building fortifications to fend off the Slavs
C) maintaining armies against Persia
D) building the Hagia Sophia cathedral
E) None of these

Question 7

In Justinian's attempts to strengthen the church,in which he considered his power co-equal,he persecuted all of the following except the

A) Monophysites.
B) Nicenes.
C) Jews.
D) Neoplatonics
E) pagans.

Question 8

In the mid-sixth century,much of the Byzantine Empire's population died from

A) an attack by Persians.
B) an earthquake.
C) the bubonic plague.
D) starvation.
E) the collapse of Hagia Sophia.

Question 9

What ceremonial observations did Justinian impose on visitors?

A) They were required to make the sign of the cross and bow three times.
B) They were required to prostrate themselves before the Emperor.
C) They were not allowed to sit until he did.
D) They could not speak to him directly, but only to his vizier.
E) They could not make direct eye contact and could only consult him from behind a curtain.

Question 10

The first place that Justinian successfully conquered in his attempt to rebuild the empire was

A) Crimea.
B) North Africa.
C) Italy.
D) the Balkans.
E) Jerusalem.

Question 11

One segment of Justinian's Code of Law prescribed different social status between

A) slave and free man.
B) clergy and laity.
C) Christian and Jew.
D) Arab and European.
E) men and women.

Question 12

The Arabian Peninsula was most useful for

A) cities and ports.
B) agriculture.
C) mining.
D) trade caravans.
E) a stop-off between Africa and India.

Question 13

Theodora convinced Justinian to stay in Constantinople when what occurred?

A) The city was under attack from the Slavs.
B) A terrible plague hit the city.
C) The Blues and Greens started the Nika riots.
D) Procopius conspired to assassinate the royal family.
E) A rebellion among Monophysites spread through Constantinople.

Question 14

What right did Justinian have that none of the barbarian kings of the West had?

A) To have people prostrate themselves before him.
B) To wear the royal purple.
C) To convene and preside over a church council.
D) To have mass celebrated for him on his birthday.
E) To celebrate mass.

Question 15

The emperor's heightened authority in the church allowed him to participate in which part of church ceremonies that excluded the laity?

A) He was able to perform the Eucharist.
B) He was permitted to preach in church.
C) He was supreme in authority to the Patriarch.
D) He was not considered part of the laity.
E) He was able to rule on issues of canon law.

Question 16

What is the Kaaba?

A) A meteor
B) An old building that sheltered Mohammad in the desert.
C) A religious shrine in the city of Mecca.
D) A box in which the original scrolls of the Quran were held.
E) The birthplace of the patriarch of the Quraysh clan.

Question 17

Arabian peoples relied on food sources from

A) grapes and olives.
B) grain and fish.
C) goats and date palms.
D) trading spices for food.
E) sheep and flax.

Question 18

What did the legal concept of patria potestas mean?

A) The male head of the household was the legal head of the household.
B) Women had equal rights within the household.
C) A free man could not be property because he could own property.
D) To form contracts and marriage alliances.
E) Servants and slaves were under the authority of the woman of the house.

Question 19

In the seventh century,the Byzantine Empire lost territory to all of the following invading forces except the

A) Persians.
B) Slavs.
C) Turks.
D) Avars.
E) The Byzantine Empire lost territory to all of these.

Question 20

After Justinian's death,the territory of Italy was reconquered by the

A) Ostrogoths.
B) Vandals.
C) Lombards.
D) Dacians.
E) Seljuks.

Question 21

Similarities between both Muslim and Jewish populations include all of the following except

A) circumcision.
B) a ban on the consumption of pork.
C) a ban on drinking alcohol.
D) fear of idolatry.
E) polygamy.

Question 22

Tariq ibn Zayid was responsible for the incorporation of which territory into the Ummayad caliphate?

A) North Africa
B) Spain
C) Gaul
D) Syria
E) Egypt

Question 23

Which policies had undermined Byzantine authority in the Near East and made Muslim rule preferable?

A) mandatory enlistment in the military
B) high taxation and harsh treatment
C) requiring all conquered territory to speak only Greek
D) imposition of Christianity
E) monopolies on trade contracts

Question 24

The purpose of the Five Pillars of Islam was to

A) provide a set of absolute law like Moses did.
B) provide unity of purpose and action among all Muslims.
C) be symbolic representations of the five golden rules mandated by Mohammad.
D) establish who the five principal leaders of the religion were after Mohammad's death.
E) None of these.

Question 25

The Muslim leaders in Spain sought to expand into which area after defeat of the Umayyads?

A) across the Pyrenees
B) across the Straits of Gibralter
C) across the Alps
D) across the Appenines
E) across the Mediterranean

Question 26

What is the only action necessary to convert to Islam?

A) reciting "admission" three times in the presence of qualified witnesses
B) fasting during Ramadan
C) making a profession of faith at the Kaaba
D) being baptized
E) declaring an oath of worship in a mosque

Question 27

The first caliph was

A) Mohammad.
B) Abu Bakr.
C) Ali.
D) Uthman.
E) Umar.

Question 28

Islamic intellectual development in math included all of the following except

A) the concept of a zero.
B) calculus.
C) algebra.
D) non-Euclidian geometry.
E) the system of Arabic numerals.

Question 29

A worthy life in the Muslim faith is obtained through

A) submission to the will of God.
B) adherence to the Five Pillars.
C) rejecting all other faiths.
D) following the Ten Commandments.
E) being a good person.

Question 30

The People of the Book include all of the following except

A) Jews.
B) Christians.
C) Muslims.
D) Monophysites.
E) pagans.

Question 31

The primary language in Islamic intellectual pursuits was

A) Aramaic.
B) Spanish.
C) Latin.
D) Arabic.
E) Persian.

Question 32

A significant factor that helped create a sense of unity within the Muslim world was

A) the emphasis on business and trade for the economy.
B) the universality of the Arabic language.
C) centralized rule under one leader.
D) continuity of Roman law.
E) adherence to Muslim codes of conduct.

Question 33

For women in Muslim society,the veil represented

A) submission to the will of God.
B) safety and protection from infidels.
C) sobriety, modesty, and virtue.
D) that she was owned by a husband.
E) her unmarried status.

Question 34

The significant advantage that the Byzantines had over invaders was

A) the sheltered location of the city of Constantinople.
B) a superior navy.
C) composite bows carried by cavalry.
D) Greek fire.
E) massive walls.

Question 35

After 750,the Abbasid caliphate had its capital in

A) Damascus.
B) Antioch.
C) Baghdad.
D) Cordoba.
E) Toledo.

Question 36

In the mid-seventh century,all of the following areas fell to the Muslim conquest except

A) Syria.
B) Persia.
C) Egypt.
D) Constantinople.
E) Palestine.

Question 37

After Ali's death,which of the following groups obtained political leadership?

A) Shiites
B) Sunnis
C) Abbassids
D) Umayyads
E) Quryashi

Question 38

Mohammad obtained control of which city by expelling the Jews who would not convert?

A) Medina
B) Mecca
C) Jerusalem
D) Jaffa
E) Tyre

Question 39

Mohammad's journey from Mecca to Medina in 622 is known as the

A) Hajj.
B) Hejira.
C) Zakat.
D) Ramadan.
E) Kabaa.

Question 40

What were Muhammad's recitations called?

A) visions
B) sura
C) Quran
D) zakat
E) hadj

Question 41

What evidence can you point to for a decline in the middle Byzantine period?

Question 42

What was the purpose of bride shows?

A) To solicit a suitable wife for Emperor Constantine VI.
B) To create political alliances with non-Islamic countries through marriage.
C) To demonstrate the strength of Byzantine trade by showing luxurious bridal accessories.
D) To create a pool of socially suitable women for marriage within the civil aristocracy.
E) To stage massive marriage ceremonies and enhance the power of the patriarch.

Question 43

What are the origins of the Shiite and Sunni sects?

Question 44

All of the following were negotiating tactics the Byzantine emperor used with the Rus except

A) diplomacy.
B) trade.
C) military recruitment.
D) religious conversion.
E) intellectual exchange.

Question 45

What did Irene do to try and disqualify her son from ruling?

A) She kept him under house arrest his whole life.
B) She declared his divorce from Maria invalid.
C) She rallied the military to her side by marrying a powerful general.
D) She blinded him.
E) She had him kidnapped and sent to a monastery.

Question 46

What limitations or opportunities did Islam provide for women in this time period?

Question 47

One of the shocking habits of the Rus to outsiders was

A) selling slaves.
B) Paganism.
C) cremating their dead in boats.
D) women appearing in public without chaperones.
E) All of these.

Question 48

Iconoclasm meant

A) a prohibition against false worship.
B) an Islamic law forbidding artistic representations of the human form.
C) a ruling that forbade the use of icons in religious settings.
D) the reliance on icons, as argued by Monophysites, who emphasized the physical form.
E) None of these.

Question 49

What role did Christianity play in Rus?

Question 50

Analyze the expansion of the Islamic Empire in terms of its development and assimilation.

Question 51

What were the effects of the bubonic plague in the mid-sixth century?

Question 52

One major sign of Christianity's spread in Rus was

A) peasants wearing crosses instead of pendants to show social rank.
B) arrangements of individual family homes instead of single homesteads.
C) no further engagement in slave trading.
D) burying the dead instead of cremating them.
E) the Byzantine emperor issuing rules on church building.

Question 53

What measures did Heraclius take to restore the strength of the Byzantine Empire?

Question 54

How do Islam and Christianity differ in political,religious,and social terms?

Question 55

Which was the most impressive of Justinian's accomplishments?

Question 56

In the struggle for power between Irene and Constantine VI,she received support from

A) iconoclasts.
B) court eunuchs appointed to key government positions.
C) her son's second wife, Theodote.
D) the military aristocracy.
E) None of these.

Question 57

Between the sixth and eighth centuries,the primary means of a person's identity was rooted in what?

A) language
B) geographic location
C) legal status
D) religion
E) occupation

Question 58

What factors account for the rapid spread of Islam in the seventh and eighth centuries?

Question 59

The end of iconoclasm was overseen by which Byzantine ruler?

A) Leo III
B) Heraclius
C) Alexus Comnenus
D) Irene
E) Constans II

Question 60

What contributed to the religious unity within the Byzantine Empire in the Middle Period?

A) Successful defeats of Muslims.
B) High taxation on non-Orthodox religions.
C) Military losses of Syria, Egypt and Palestine removed dissenters.
D) The necessity of the Greek language instead of Latin.
E) Building new, magnificent cathedrals in the Empire.

Question 61

What were the significant military reforms made in the Byzantine Middle Period?

Question 62

Emperor Heraclius never fully reclaimed lands lost to the Persians.

Question 63

As Mohammad came to Medina in 622,the Muslim calendar marked its beginning.

Question 64

After the seventh century the main language in the Byzantine Empire was Greek.

Question 65

The Seljuk Turks moved in to attack the Byzantines and as a result the Byzantine Empire lost its core territory.

Question 66

During the Nika Riot,Empress Theodora convinced Justinian to remain in Constantinople.

Question 67

Why was the issue of icons such a dramatic confrontation in the Byzantine Empire?

Question 68

Women in the Muslim world had substantially better legal rights than in the Christian world.

Question 69

At the Battle of Yarmuck in 632,Byzantine forces defeated Muslims and forced them out of Syria.

Question 70

The Cyrillic alphabet is derived from Greek.

Question 71

With the spread of Islam,converts had to learn Arabic.

Question 72

The second Council of Nicaea in 787 forbade the use of icons in religious services.